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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sdencos 
Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)873-4903 


^:V^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/iCMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


Tl 
to 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 


V 


n 


n 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculie 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gdographi 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
ere  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

iloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


-Vj    Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 
I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieu'e 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
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II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
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pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  it6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restauries  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu6es 


T» 

P< 
o 

fil 


O 

b4 
th 
si 
o\ 
fil 
•I 

Oi 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

0Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualiti  in6gale  de  I'imi: 


6gale  de  I'impression 

supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
C 


Tl 
•\ 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
•r 
b« 

rlj 
re 
m 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  dfsponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  di 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X                            16X                            »X                            24X                            28X                            32X 

re 

Idtails 
es  du 
modifier 
er  une 
Filrrtage 


The  copy  filmtd  h«r«  has  b««n  raproducad  thank* 
to  the  generosity  of: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  originel  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specificetions. 


L'exemplaire  film6  f ut  reproduit  grAce  i  la 
gintrositA  da: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


Les  imsges  suiventes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  le  nettet*  de  I'exempleire  f  limA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printe'l  or  illustreted  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  e  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  piinted 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last,  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »•  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmir  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  *«rminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  dss  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  pertir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


errata 
to 


)  pelure, 
on  d 


n 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

8 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


^ 


ifi' 


BULLETIN 


,.,f 


OP  THK 


UNITED   STATES 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


ISTo.   171 


BOUNDARIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  STATES,  AND  TEREITO- 
RIES,  WITH  OUTLINE  OF  HISTORY  OP  IMPORTANT 
CHANGES  (Second  edition).— Gannett 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTINa    OFFICE 

1900 


't<f 


: 


t 

I 


;^- 


",'*.,;. 


•*;^ . 


■  >--      t 


D  E  p  A I ;  T  :si  E  N  1^   O  V  T  n  E   r  N  "^  :  K  I  o  r 


BULLETIN 


OF   THK 


UNITED    STATES 


GEOLOGICAL   SURVEY 


ISTo.  171 


:.'*•' 


'i 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING    OFFICE 
19  0  0 


ITNITEI)   STATES  UEOLOCrlOAL    SUltVEY 

niARLKS    I).   W'ALCOTT,   UIKKCTOK 


B()l IN  DAIRIES 


OF 


THE  ITNITEI)  STATES 


AND  OK   THK 


SEVKRAI,  STATUS  AND  TERRITORIES 


AVITJI   \N  orXLINK  OF  THE 


HISTORY  OF  ALL  IMPORTANT  CHANGES  OF  TERRITORY 


(SECOND   EDITION) 


BY 


HKNRY    GfANTsTKTT 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1900 


c 


Ci 


CONTKNTS. 


I'MU'I' 


i,i:iTi:K  or  TUAN'sMirr.M 

('iiAi>i'i:u  I.  -I'ntiinliirieH  of  tlic  United  Slates,  and  additions  to  its  territtiry. . . 
iSoiindarii'H  of  the  United  States 

I'rovisiona!  treaty  w  itii  ( ireiil  l*.i'itain 

Treaty  witli  Spain  of  I  Tits 

Delinitive  treaty  with  ( lieat  llrilain 

Treaty  of  l-on.lon,  17(»4 

Treaty  of  ( ihent 

Arbitration  l)y  Kinjr  of  tiie  Netiierlamls 

Treaty  witli  (ireat   Britain,  \S\2 

Welister-Asiilnirton  treaty  with  (ireat   I'ritain,  1X4(1 

Additions  to  the  territory  of  the  UnittMl  States 

Louisiana  purcliasi- 

I'iorida  pnrciiase 

Ti'xas  accession 

First  Mexican  cession 

( i.idsden  purciiase 

Alaska  purchase 

Ihiwaiin  Islands 

Porto  Rico,  <  inani,  and  lMiilip|)ine  Islai'ds 

(.'mai'tki:  II. — The  public  domain,  and  an  oniline  of  the  histoi\v  of  clianges 

nia<le  tlu-rein 

( 'essi(  HIS  by  the  StatoH 

Territory  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio 

Territory  souvh  of  the  river  Ohio 

Louisiana  and  the  territory  ac(jiiired  from  Mexico 

Chaitkk  in.— Tlie  Ixmndary  lines  of  tlie  States  and  Territories 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

\  ermont 

MassachusettH 

Rliode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jeraey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virgrinia 

West  Virjrinia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

5 


ii 
II 
II 
Hi 
12 
lU 
1-J 
i:'. 
17 

IS 

2(t 
21 
21 

2:; 

24 
25 
2ti 
27 
2!» 
21  > 

:m 

80 
36 

;{s 

4(> 
51 

r-,:\ 

70 
71 
7() 
82 
84 
86 
88 
91 
94 
98 
98 
102 


6 


CONTKNTS. 


CiiMTKK  III.— The  liniiiidaiy  linen  <.l'  tlic  Stuten  uinl  Tcrriti tries- ( 'out i 


IIIK'il. 


<  icorjiiii. 
Kloridu. 
Alul 


KUIIil 


MiKwiMsippi. 
liiiiiiHiiiiiii. . 
T«-XIW4 


ArkuiiHUH  . 

T»'I1IU!HHI!0 

Kcritticky 
nhii, 

Iiiiliuiiii  . . 
Illinois  . . . 
Mifliipui  . 
\Vi 


scoiisni 


M 


iHHonri. 


IdWIl 


Mini 


ICHotU 


KanwiH  . . 
N('l)ruHkii 


Nortl 

Oklah 

Monti 


Diikiifii  ami  Soulli  Dakota 


onia 


ma. 


Wyominy. . 
Colorado  . . 
New  Mi'xi(v 
Utah 


Arizora 


Nevada . 
Idal 


lO 


Oiegon  

VVashinjjton 
Calif  on  1  ill... 


108 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

114 

IIU 

116 

117 

119 

119 

120 

122 

I2li 

124 

125 

120 

127 

128 

129 

130 

130 

131 

131 

132 

132 

134 

135 

136 

136 


:^-^^ 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Pl.ATK  1,11. 
III. 
IV. 

V,  VI. 

VII. 

VIII-XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV,  XVI. 

XVII,  XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI-XXX. 

XXXI,  XXXII. 

XXXIII. 

XXXIV-XXXVI. 
XXXVII. 

XXXVIII. 

XXXIX. 

XI^XLII, 
XLIII. 
XJJV, 

XLV 

XLVI 
XLVII 

XLVIII 


Hoiimlary  lit'twt'cii  Nt'w  York  ami  Canada  in  St.  Lawrrnci- 

llivor." H 

15<nni(liiry    hclwt'cn    New    York   ant!  Caiiiula   in    Niajjara 

River 11 

I'oiuularv  lictwiH'u  I'liitiMl  Sfat«'.>4  and  C'anaila  in  St.  Clair 

ami  Detroit  riverH I') 

liuundary  Itt'twet'ii  Michigan  andCana<latlirnii^li  St.  Marys 

River 1*5 

("Maine,  Hhowinj,'  ISritiwIi  and  I'nited  State.'^  ilaiins | 

II  \tract  from  DiHturneirs  map,  1S47 I 

IJoumlary  hetweeii  Maint"  and  Canatla -0 

Boundary  Ixitween  Maine,  Now  nji'iipsliire,  and  Canada.         L'D 
•Mapuf  the  Fnited  States,  nhosvinj^  a't  ewnions  of  territory.         22 

North  boundary  <  )f  MiuM«u'iui.Mett.s IH 

Boundary  between  Vermont  and  Xew  York 52 

Boundary  between  Ma.sHaehiiHetts  and  Rliode  Island ."kS 

Boundary  Ix'tweeu  Ma.ssachusetts  ami  Conneeticnl 04 

Boundary  between  Rhode  Islan<l  ami  Coiuu'ctieut 70 

Boundary  between  Comu'ctieut  and  New  York 74 

/HiHtorical  diaj^ram  of  New  York j 

iHistorical  diagram  of  Virginia j         '  * 

Northeast  boundary  of  Nev.-  Jersey HO 

Western  and  .southern  boundary  of  New  York Sii 

Boundary  between  Virginia  and  West  Virginia H4 

Boundary  between  Virginia  and  Kentucky !»(> 

Boundary  between  Virginia,  Tennessee,  ami  North  Caro- 
lina          !tH 

boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee 100 

rilist jrical  diagram  of  Georgia > 

IHistorical  diagram  of  Mississippi / 

/Historical  diagram  of  Louisiana i 

IHistorical  diagram  of  Texas / 

/Historical  diagram  of  Arkan.sas y 

IHistorical  diagram  of  Ohi(  > | 

,  Boundary  between  Kentucky  and  Tennessee 114 

,  Historical  diagram  of  Indiana 118 

.  Historical  diagram  of  Illinois 118 

/Historical  diagram  of  Michigan y 

IHistorical  diagram  of  Wisconsin ( 

Historical  diagram  of  Miss(juri 1 2U 

f Historical  diagram  of  Iowa ^ 

IHistorical  diagram  of  Minnes<jta / 

/Historical  diagram  oi  Kansas ^ 

iHistorical  diagram  of  Nebraska j 

7 


8 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Pi-ATK  X  [jx  P''sto"<''^'  <liagrain  of  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota , 

lllistorical  diagram  of  Oklahoma  Territory (      1-^ 

I  /Historical  diagrain  of  New  Mexico 

" iHistorioal  diagrain  of  Utah [\(      1^0 

Ll.i '^ Jstorical  diagram  of  Arizona > 

'iHistorical  diagram  of  Nevada .' \      ' '^- 

LII.  IIiHt()ri(;al  diagram  of  Idaho ):>,.| 

\A I  [ /'  I'storical  diagram  of  Oregon 

l.Miatorioal  diagrain  of  Wayhington |      ^'^^ 


of 

the 

ofi 

'I 

13, 


LETTER    OF   TRANSMITTAL. 


Dki'autmknt  of  the  Intkjmou, 
United  States  (rEOLooiOAL  Survey, 

Sir:  I  have  tlu^  honor  to  Huhniit  hoivwitli  u  sketch  of  the  boundaries 
of  the  United  States,  the  several  States,  and  the  T..MTitori(>s,  as  defined 
»y  treaty,  charter,  or  statute.  Besides  j-ivinj.  the  preser.t  status  of 
these  boundaries  I  have  endeavored  to  present  an  outline  of  the  historv 
of  idl  unportant  elvuioesof  territory,  with  the  laws  appertaining  thereto. 
I  lie  work  eoustitutu,  a  revised  and  enlarged  edition  of  Bulletin  No 
Irf,  published  ni  1885. 

Very  respectfully,  Henry  Gannett, 

Hon.  C.  D.  Walcott,  Geographer. 

Director  United  States  Geological  Sm^ey. 

9 


BOrXDAIilES  OF  THE  rXITEl)  STATES  AXD  01'  THE  SEVERAL  STATES  AND 
TERRITORIES,  WH  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  ALL  IMPORTANT 
CJIANGES  OF  TERRITORY. 


iiy  IlENEY  Gannett. 


noHNDARIES    OF 


CIIAPTEU    I. 

THE  rXITEl)  STATES,  ANI>  ADDITIONvi 
TO    ITS  TERIIITOIIY. 


BOUNDARIES   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

Provisional  Tueaty  with  Gkeai'  Britain. 

The  original  limits  of  the  Uuited  States  were  first  definitely  laid 
down  in  the  provisional  treaty  made  with  Great  Jiritain  in  1782.  The 
second  article  of  that  treaty  defines  its  boundaries  as  follows: 

From  the  northwest  angle  of  Novjv  Scotia,  viz,  that  angle  which  is  formed  hyaline 
drawn  due  north  from  the  source  of  St.  Croix  river  to  the  highlands ;  along  the  High- 
lands which  divide  those  rivers  that  empty  themselves  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  to  the  northwestemmost  head  of  Con- 
necticut River ;  thence  down  along  the  middle  of  that  river  to  the  forty-fifth  degree 
of  north  latitude  ;  from  thence,  by  a  line  due  west  on  said  latitude  until  it  strikes 
the  river  Iroquois  or  Cataraquy  (St.  Lawrence);  thence  along  the  middle  oC  said 
river  into  Lake  Ontario,  through  the  middle  of  said  lake  until  it  strikes  the  commu- 
nication by  water  between  that  lake  and  Lake  Erie ;  thence  along  the  middle  of  said 
communication  into  Lake  Erie,  through  the  middle  of  said  lake  until  it  arrives  at  the 
water  communication  between  that  lake  and  Lake  Huron  ;  thence  along  the  middle 
of  said  water  communication  into  the  Lake  Huron ;  thence  through  the  middle  of 
said  lake  to  the  water  communication  between  that  lake  and  Lake  Superior ;  thence 
through  Lake  Suiierior  northward  of  the  Isles  Royal  and  Phelippeauz  to  the  Long 
Lake;  thence  throngh  the  middle  of  said  Long  Lake,  and  the  water  communication 
between  it  and  the  LakA  of  the  Woods,  to  the  said  Lake  of  the  Woods ;  thence  through 
the  said  lake  to  the  most  northwestern  point  thereof,  and  from  thence  on  a  dne  west 
course  to  the  river  Mississippi ;  thence  by  a  line  to  be  drawn  along  the  middle  of 
the  said  river  Mississippi  nntil  it  shall  intersect  the  northernmost  part  of  the  thirty- first 
degree  of  north  latitude.  South  by  a  line  to  hii  drawn  dne  east  from  the  determina- 
tion of  the  line  last  mentioned,  in  the  latitude  of  thirty-one  degrees  north  of  the 
Eqnator,  to  the  middle  of  the  river  Apalachicola  or  Catahouche ;  thence  along  the 
middle  thereof  to  its  junction  with  the  Flint  River;  thence  strait  to  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  River ;  and  thence  down  along  the  middle  of  St.  Mary's  River  to  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  East  by  a  line  to  be  drawn  along  the  middle  of  the  river  St.  Croix, 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Fnndy  to  its  source,  and  from  its  source  directly  north 
to  the  aforesaid  highlands  which  divide  the  rivers  that  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
from  those  which  fall  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  comprehending  all  islands  within 
twenty  leagues  of  any  part  of  the  shores  of  the  United  States,  and  lying  between  lines 
to  be  drawn  due  east  from  the  points  where  the  aforesaid  boundaries  between  Nova 
Sootia  on  the  one  part  and  East  Florida  on  the  other,  shall  respectively  touch  the  Bay 
of  Fnndy  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean ;  excepting  such  islands  as  now  are,  or  heretofore 
have  been  within  the  limits  of  the  said  province  of  Nova  Sootia. 

11 


12 


BOITNDARIKH    OF    THK    UNITED    STATES. 


[BCLL.171. 


Tkeaty  with  Spain  ok  17!)8. 
The  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  the  Spanish  Posses- 
sions, known  as  tlie  T'loiidns,  is  reattirnied  in  the  treaty  between  the 
United  States  and  Spain,  made  in  171)."),  in  the  following  terms: 

The  sontlicrii  lioiiiitlary  of*  tlic  I'liitcd  Stiitcs,  wliicli  (livid(!8tLoir  territory  from  t'ie 
Spanish  colonit^s  of  EnM  and  WrHt  I'loridii,  sliiill  l>o  (l('8ijj;nate(l  liy  a  line  beginning 
on  ilw  river  M  iHsi.sHi]»])i,  at  the  northernmost  ])art  (if  tho  thirty-first  degree  of  latitude 
north  of  the  c'jiiatoi',  whicli  from  thence^  shall  hodiawn  diuicast  tothc  niiddloof  the 
rivvr  Aiialacliicola  oi' Catahonche,  thence  along  the  middle  thereof  to  its  junctiou 
wilh  thi-  Flint;  then<'e  str.iight  to  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  Kiver,  and  thenee  down 
the  middle  thereof  to  the  Atlanti(!  Ocean. 

DKI'INITINK  TKKATY   Mini    (iKKAT   Bkitain. 

The  definitive  treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain,  concluded  Septem- 
ber .'{,  1783,  defines  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States  in  terms  similar 
to  those  of  the  provisional  treaty. 

The  northern  boundary  became  at  oiu;e  a  fruitful  source  of  dissension 
between  the  two  countries.  From  the  time  of  the  conclusion  of  ])eace 
almost  to  the  present  day  this  line  has  been  the  subject  of  a  series  of 
treaties,  commissions,  and  surveys  for  the  purpose  of  interpreting  its 
terms. 

The  following  is  in  outline  a  history  of  the  settlement  of  thi.s  boundary: 

TuKATY  OK  London,  1794. 

The  fourth  article  of  the  treaty  of  London,  signed  November  19, 1794, 

provided  that — 

Whereas  it  is  unuertaiu  whether  the  river  MissiBsippi  eztends  so  far  to  the  north- 
ward as  to  be  intersected  by  a  line  to  be  drawn  due  west  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
in  the  manner  mentioned  iu  the  treaty  ot  peace  between  His  Majesty  and  the  United 
States,  etc.,  the  two  parties  will  proceed  by  amicable  negotiation  to  tegnlate  the 
bonndary  line  in  that  quarter. 

This  matter  was  not  settled,  however,  until  1818. 
The  fifth  article  of  the  same  treaty  makes  provision  for  settling  another 
doubtful  point,  as  follows : 

Whx^reas  doubts  have  arisen  what  river  was  truly  intended  under  the  name  of  the 
river  St.  Croix  mentioned  iu  the  said  treaty  of  peace,  and  forming  a  part  of  the 
boundary  therein  described,  that  question  shall  be  referred  to  the  final  decision  of 
commissions  to  be  aj>pointed  iu  the  following  manner,  viz. 

Here  follow  provisions  that  His  Majesty  and  the  President  of  the 
United  States  should  each  appoint  a  commissioner,  and  that  these  two 
commissioners  should  agree  on  a  third,  or,  they  failing  to  agree  on  the 
third,  he  was  to  be  chosen  by  lot  in  their  presence. 

Which  was  the  true  St.  Croix  River  had  been  a  matter  of  controversy 
between  the  governments  of  Massachusetts  and  Nova  Sootia  since  the 
year  17G4. 

The  commissioners  appointed  under  the  foregoing  provisions  decided, 
on  the  2oth  of  October,  1798,  the  river  called  Schoodiao  and  the  north- 
e;  branch  thereof  (called  Cheputnaticook)  to  be  the  true  river  St. 
Croix,  and  that  its  source  was  at  the  noithernmost  headspring  of  the 
northern  branch  aforesaid.  A  monument  was  erected  at  that  spot  under 
the  direction  of  the  commissioners.  (See  Memoirs  of  Kortheastem 
Boundary,  Gallatin,  pages  7,  8.) 


[BULL.  171. 


OANNFTT.] 


NORTHERN    BOUNDARY. 


13 


}h  Posses* 
jtween  the 
as: 

oryfromt''!e 
te  beginning 
se  of  latitude 
iiiddloof  the 
its  junction 
thence  down 


td  Sept  em - 
ms  similar 

dissension 
>n  of  iieace 
a  series  of 
preting  its 

boundary : 
lir  19, 1794, 

to  the  north- 
>f  the  Woods 
1  the  United 
regulate  the 


ig  another 

name  of  the 

part  of  the 

deoiaion  of 

9nt  of  the 
these  two 

ree  on  the 

mtroversy 
siuce  the 

8  decided, 
thenoitb- 
river  St. 
ing  of  the 
ipot  under 
theasteru 


# 


i 


Treaty  or  Ghent. 

By  the  treaty  of  peaee  concluded  at  Ghent,  December  24, 1814,  it  was 
agreed  to  provide  for  a  final  adjustment  of  the  boundaries  described  in 
the  treaty  of  1783,  which  had  not  yet  been  ascertained  and  determined, 
embracing  cortain  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  the  whole  of  the 
boundary  line  from  the  source  of  the  river  St  Croix  to  the  most  north- 
western point  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

By  article  4  provision  was  made  for  a  board  of  commissioners  to  settle 
the  title  to  several  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy,  which  is  a  part 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  the  island  of  Grand  Menan  in  the  said  Bay 
of  Fundy. 

The  fifth  article  made  provision  for  a  board  of  commissioners  to  settle 
the  boundary  from  the  source  of  the  river  St.  Croix  northward  to  the 
highland  which  divides  those  waters  that  empty  themselves  into  the 
river  St.  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
thence  along  said  highlands  to  the  north  westernmost  head  of  Connecti- 
cut Eiver,  thence  down  along  the  middle  of  that  river  to  the  forty-fifth 
degree  of  north  latitude,  thence  due  west  on  said  latitude  until  it  strikes 
the  river  Iroquois  or  Cataraquy  (St.  Lawrence). 

The  sixth  and  seventh  articles  provided  for  commissioners  to  con- 
tinue the  line  to  the  northwestern  point  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

(For  further  details  see  treaty.  Statutes  at  Large,  vol.  8,  pages  220^2.) 

it  was  provided  by  this  treaty  that  in  case  any  of  the  boards  of  com- 
missioners were  unable  to  agree,  they  should  make  separately  or  jointly 
a  report  or  reports  to  their  respective  Governments  stating  the  points 
on  which  they  diftered,  the  grounds  on  which  they  based  their  respective 
opinions,  etc. 

These  reports  were  to  be  referred  to  some  friendly  sovereign  or  state 
for  arbitration. 

The  first  and  third  boards  of  commissioners  above  mentioned  came  to 
an  agreement,  and  those  portions  of  the  boundary  were  thus  finally  set- 
tled ;  but  the  commission  appointed  under  the  fifth  article,  after  sitting 
nearly  five  years,  could  not  agree  on  any  of  the  matters  referred  to  them, 
nor  even  on  a  general  map  of  the  country  exhibiting  the  boundaries 
respectively  claimed  by  each  party.  They  accordingly  made  separate 
reports  to  their  Governments,  stating  the  points  on  which  they  differed 
iind  the  grounds  upon  which  their  respective  opinions  had  been  formed. 

The  first  of  these  commissions  awarded  Moore,  Dudley,  and  Freder- 
ick Islands  to  the  United  States,  and  all  other  islands  in  P!issama«iuoddy 
Bay,  and  the  island  of  Grand  Menan,  to  Great  Britain. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  report  of  the  third  of  these  commis- 
sions which  had  under  consideration  that  portion  of  the  northern 
boundary  between  the  point  where  the  forty-fifth  parallel  of  north  lati- 
tude strikes  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  point  where  the  boundary  reaches 
Lake  Superior : 


14 


BOUNDARIKS   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES. 


tBCLL.171. 


Decision  of  the  commissioners  ander  the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  done  at 
Utica,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  18th  June,  1822. 

We  do  decide  and  declare  that  the  following-described  line  (which  is  more  clearly  in- 
dicated on  a  series  of  maps  aooouipanying  this  report,  exhibiting  correct  snrveys  and 
delineations  of  all  the  rivers,  lakes,  water  communications,  and  islands  embraced  by 
the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  by  a  black  line  shaded  on  the  British  side 
with  red  and  on  the  American  side  with  blue ;  and  each  sheet  of  which  series  of 
maps  is  identified  by  a  certificate,  subscribed  by  the  commissioners,  and  by  the  two 
principal  surveyors  employed  by  them)  is  the  true  boundary  intended  by  the  two  be- 
forementioned  treaties,  that  is  to  say : 

Beginning  at  a  stone  monument,  erected  by  Andrew  ^llicot,  esq.,  in  the  year  1817, 
on  the  sonth  baqk  or  shore  of  the  said  river  Iroquois,  or  Cataraqni  (now  called  the 
St.  Lawrence),  which  monument  bears  south  74'^  45'  west,  and  is  1,840  yards  dis- 
tant from  the  stone  church  in  the  Indian  village  of  St.  Regis,  and  indicates  the  point 
at  which  the  forty-fifth  parallel  of  north  latitude  strikes  the  said  river ;  thence  run- 
ning north  35°  45'  west  iuto  the  river,  on  a  line  at  right  angles  with  the  south- 
em  shore,  to  a  point  100  yards  south  of  the  opposite  island,  called  Cornwall  Island ; 
thence  turning  westerly  and  passing  around  tbo  southern  and  western  sides  of  said 
island,  keeping  100  yards  distant  therefrom,  and  following  the  curvatures  of  its 
shores,  to  a  point  opposite  to  the  northwest  corner  or  angle  of  said  island ;  thence 
to  and  along  the  middle  of  the  main  riv«ir  until  it  approaches  the  eastern  extremity 
of  Bamhart's  Island ;  thence  northerly  along  the  channel  which  divides  the  last- 
mentioned  island  from  the  Canada  shore,  keeping  100  yards  distant  from  the  island, 
until  it  approaches  Sheik's'  Island ;  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  strait  which  divides 
Barnhart's  and  Sheik's  Islands  to  the  channel  called  the  Long  Sault,  which  separates 
the  two  last-mentioned  islands  from  the  lower  Long  Sault  Island ;  thence  westerly 
(crossing  the  center  of  the  last-mentioned  channel)  until  it  approaches  within  100 
yards  of  the  north  shore  of  the  Lower  Sault  Island  ;  thence  up  the  north  branch  of  the 
river,  keeping  to  the  north  of  and  near  the  Lower  Sault  Island,  and  also  north  of 
and  near  the  Upper  Sault,  sometimes  called  Baxter's  Island,  and  south  of  the  two 
small  islands  marked  on  the  map  A  and  B,  to  the  western  extremity  of  the  Upi>er 
Sault  or  Baxter's  Island ;  thence,  passing  between  the  two  islands  called  the  Cata, 
to  the  middle  of  the  river  above ;  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  river,  keeping  to 
the  north  of  the  small  islands  marked  C  and  I),  and  north  also  of  Chrystler's  Island, 
and  of  the  small  island  next  above  it,  marked  E,  until  it  approaches  the  north- 
east angle  of  Goose  Neck  Island ;  thence  along  the  passage  which  divides  the  last- 
mentioned  island  fro  mthe  Canada  shore,  keeping  100  yards  from  the  island  to  the 
npper  end  of  the  same;  thence  south  of  and  near  the  two  small  islands  called  the  Nut 
Islands ;  thence  north  of  and  near  the  island  marked  F,  and  alsQ  of  the  island  called 
Dry  or  Smuggler's  Island ;  thence  passing  between  the  islands  marked  G  and  H  to  the 
north  of  the  island  called  Isle  an  Rapid  Piatt ;  thence  along  the  north  side  of  the  last- 
mentioned  island,  keeping  100  yards  from  the  shore,  to  the  upper  end  thereof;  thence 
along  the  middle  of  the  river,  keeping  to  the  south  of  and  near  the  islands  called 
Conssin  (or  Tussin)  and  Presque  Isle ;  thence  up  the  river,  keeping  north  of  and  near 
the  several  Gallop  Isles  numbered  on  the  map  I,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6, 7, 8,  9,  and  10,  and  also 
of  Tick,  Tibbits,  and  Chimney  Islands ,  and  sonth  of  ard  near  the  Gallop  Isles  nnni- 
bered  11,  12,  and  13,  and  also  of  Dock,  Drummond,  and  Sheep  Islands ;  thence  along 
the  middle  of  the  river,  passing  north  of  island  No.  14,  south  of  15  and  16,  north  of  17, 
south  of  18, 19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  and  28,  and  north  of  26  and  27 ;  thence  along  the 
middle  of  the  river,  north  of  Gull  Island  and  of  the  ishmds  Nos.  29, 32, 33,  34, 35,  Bluff 
Island,  and  Nos.  39,  44,  and  45,  and  to  the  south  of  Nos.  30,  31,  36,  Grenadier  Island, 
and  NoB.  37,  38,  40, 41,  42, 43,  46,  47,  and  48,  until  it  approaches  the  east  end  of  Well's 
Idand;  thenoe  to  the  north  of  Well's  Island,  and  along  the  strait  which  divides  it 


[bull.  171. 
bent,  done  at 

are  clearly  >'n- 
t  sarreys  and 
embraced  by 
)  British  aide 
lioh  series  of 
d  by  the  two 
y  the  two  be- 

;he  year  1817, 
ow  called  the 
10  yards  dia- 
btes  the  point 
;  thence  ran- 
h  the  soath- 
iwall  Island; 
sides  of  said 
ratnres  of  its 
laud;  thence 
irn  extremity 
des  the  last- 
in  the  island, 
vhich  divides 
lich  separates 
ince  westerly 
58  within  100 
jranch  of  the 
also  north  of 
h  of  the  two 
>f  the  Upper 
led  the  Cats, 
r,  keeping  to 
■tier's  Island, 
IS  the  north- 
ides  the  last- 
island  to  the 
»lled  the  Nat 
island  called 
and  H  to  the 
ie  of  the  last- 
)reof;  thence 
stands  called 
h  of  and  near 
1 10,  and  also 
)p  Isles  nuiii- 
thence  along 
,  north  of  17, 
ice  along  the 
),34,35,Blaff 
adier  Island, 
end  of  Well's 
ioh  divides  it 


a: 
ui 

> 


U 

z 
u 
cc 

5 

< 

_i 


1/5 
Z 

< 

z 
< 

o 

Q 

z 
< 

O 

> 

Li] 

z 
z 

UJ 
UJ 

5 


fi 


U.    f .    CEOLOGICAL  BURVFv 


nuLLFTiN    NO.    1'1       PL.   Ill 


ZaAr  Onfrtr/n 


JLoLke  JirOi 


I 


BOUNDARY  BETWEEN   NEW   YORK  AND  CANADA   IN   NIAGARA  RIVER. 


OAI 


I 


fiANNrrr.l 


NOKTHKUV    Hnl'MlAKY 


16 


froul  Kowe'a  lalaud,  kooping  to  the  uorth  of  the  Hinall  islandH  No*.  51. 63,  M,  68,  &9,  and 
(U,  Hiid  to  the  Hoiitb  of  the  nmall  iNlanda  nniiihered  niid  marked  49,  r>0,  &:<,  65,  67,  W, 
anil  n,  until  it  appmadhea  the  iiortbonHt  point  of  OrindatoiiH  Island;  thence  to  the 
norlii  of  Orindbtono  iHland,  and  kouping  to  tho  north  iilao  of  the  aniall  ialandnNoa. 
(>:(,  (ir.,  (17.  m,  70, 72,  7:J,  74, 75, 7fi,  77,  and  78,  and  to  the  Honth  of  Noa.  (52,  M,  (tfi,  69,  and  71, 
until  it  iipproaclitm  the  aonthorn  point  of  Hickory  lalani! ;  thence  paaaing  to  the  aoiitb 
of  Hickory  laland  and  of  th<<  two  aniall  inlanda  lying  near  ita  8«Mitheru  extremity,  nuni- 
Im>i'i>(I  7!)  and  HO ;  thence  to  the  aoiith  of  ( i rand  or  Long  laland,  keeping  near  ita  aouthern 
Hlioro,  and  paaaing  to  the  north  of  (jurlton  Island,  until  it  arrivua  oppoaite  to  the 
Noutiiweatern  point  of  aaid  Urnnd  iHland,  in  Lake  Ontario;  thence,  paaaing  to  the 
north  of  Grenadier,  Fox,  Stony,  and  the  Qallop  iHJunda,  in  Lake  Ontario,  and  to  the 
Honth  of  and  near  th-^  ialauda  called  the  Diicka,  to  the  middle  of  the  aaid  lake;  thence 
weaterly  along  the  middle  of  Haul  lake  to  a  point  oppoaite  the  month  of  the  Niagara 
River;  thence  to  and  up  the  middle  of  the  aaid  river  to  the  Great  Falla;  thence  up 
the  Falla  through  the  point  i)f  the  Horse  Shoe,  keeping  to  the  woat  of  Iris  or  Goat 
laland,  and  of  the  group  of  amall  iaianda  at  ita  head,  and  following  the  benda  of  the 
river  ao  aa  to  enter  the  ntrait  between  Navy  and  Grand  iNlanda;  thenoe  along  the 
I  middle  of  aaid  atrait  to  the  head  of  Navy  laland  ;  thence  to  the  weat  and  aouth  of  and 
.lear  to  Grand  and  Beaver  Iaianda,  and  to  the  weat  of  Strawl)t;rry,  Squaw,  and  Bird 
Iaianda  to  Lake  Erie;  thence  aouthorly  and  wcaterly  along  the  middle  of  Lake  Erie  in 
la  direction  to  enter  the  paaaago  immediately  aouth  of  Middle  laland,  being  one  of  the 
eaeterumoat  of  the  group  of  ialauda  lying  in  the  weatern  part  of  said  lake ;  thence 
along  the  said  pasaage,  proceeding  to  the  north  of  Cunuingham'a  Island,  of  th«i  thn^e 
Baaa  Iaianda,  and  of  the  Weatern  Slater,  and  to  the  aouth  of  the  iaianda  called  the 
Hen  and  Chickena,  and  of  the  Eaatern  and  Middle  Siatera;  thence  to  the  middle  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Detroit  River  in  a  direction  to  enter  the  channel  which  dividea 
JBoia  Blanc  and  Sugar  Iaianda;  thenoe  up  t?ie  aaid  channel  to  the  weat  of  Boia  Blan<: 
llaland,  and  to  the  east  of  Sagar,  Fox,  and  Stouy  Iaianda,  until  it  approaohea  Fighting 
|or  Great  Turkey  laland ;  thence  along  the  western  aide  and  near  the  ahore  of  aaid 
laat-nieutioued  laland  to  the  middle  of  the  river  above  the  anme ;  thence  along  the 
liddle  of  aaid  river,  keeping  to  the  southeast  of  and  near  Hog  laluud,  and  to  the 
Dorthweat  of  and  near  the  island  Isle  k  la  PAohe,  to  Lake  Saint  Clair ;  thence  through 
Ikhe  middle  of  said  lake  in  a  direction  to  enter  that  month  or  channel  of  the  river  St. 
Jlair,  which  is  usually  denominated  the  Old  Ship  Channel;  thence  along  the  middle 
l>f  said  channel,  between  Sqnirrel  labuid  on  the  sontheaat  and  Herson'a  Island  on  the 
lorthwest,  to  the  npper  end  of  the  last-mentioned  island,  which  ia  nearly  oppoaito 
Point  au  Chtoes,  on  the  American  shore;  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  river 
lint  Clair,  keeping  to  the  west  of  and  near  the  islands  called  Belle  Riviere  lale 
^nd  the  Isle  aux  Cerf^  to  Lake  Horon ;  thence  through  the  middle  of  Lake  Huron  in 
I  direction  to  enter  the  strait  or  passage  between  Drununond's  laland  on  th(;  weat 
ad  the  Little  Maniton  Island  on  the  east ;  thence  through  the  middle  of  the  paa- 
;e  which  divides  the  two  last-mentioned  ialands ;  thence,  turning  northerly  and 
reaterly,  aronnd  the  eastern  aud  northern  shores  of  Drnmmond's  Island,  and  proceed- 
ig  in  a  direction  to  enter  the  passage  between  the  island  of  Saint  Joaeph'a  and  the 
American  shore,  passing  to  the  north  of  the  intermediate  islands  Nos.  61,  11,  10,  12, 
6,  4,  and  2,  and  to  the  aouth  of  those  numbered  15,  13,  5,  and  1 ;   thence  u)>  the 
kid  laat-mentioned  passage,  keeping  near  to  the  island  Saint  Joaeph'a,  and  passing 
i  the  north  and  east  of  Isle  &  la  Crosse  and  of  the  small  islanda  numbered  1(3,  17,  IH, 
and  20,  and  to  the  south  and  wetit  of  those  numbered  21,  22,  and  23,  until  it 
rikes  a  line  (drawn  on  the  map  with  black  ink  and  shaded  on  one  side  of  the  point 
interaection  with  blue  and  on  the  other  with  red)  passing  across  the  river  at  the 
Bad  of  Saint  Joaeph'a  Island  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Neebiah  Rapida,  which  line 
Bnotes  the  termination  of  the  boundary  directed  to  be  run  by  the  sixth  article  of 
ke  treaty  of  Ohent. 

I  And  the  said  commissioners  do  further  decide  and  declare  that  all  the  islands  lying 

the  rivers,  lukea,  and  water  commnnications  between  the  belore-deKcribed  bound- 

Fy  line  and  the  adjacent  shorea  of  Upper  Canada  do,  and  each  of  them  does,  belong 


16 


BOUNDARIES    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


[BULL.  171. 


41 


to  His  Britannic  Majesty,  and  that  all  the  islands  lying  in  the  rivers,  lakes,  and  water 
communications  between  the  said  boundary  line  and  the  adjacent  shores  of  the  United 
States  or  their  territories  do,  and  eacli  of  them  does,  belong  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  conformity  with  the  true  intent  of  the  second  article  of  the  said  treaty  of 
1783,  and  of  the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent. 

In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  this  treaty,  a  survey  was  uiade  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  Great  Lakes,  and  a  map  prepared.  This  was 
pliotolithographed  and  published,  iu  29  sheets,  by  the  United  States 
Light-House  IJoard,  in  1891. 

By  the  second  article  of  the  convention  with  Great  Britain — 1818 — 
the  boundary  line  was  extended  westward  along  the  forty-ninth  par- 
allel of  latitude  to  the  "Stony"  (Rocky)  Mountains,  while  beyond  these 
mountains  the  treaty  provided  that  the  country  should  remain  open  to 
both  parties.    The  terms  of  the  treaty  are  as  follows: 

Article  2.  It  is  agreed  that  a  line  drawn  from  the  most  northwestern  point  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  or  if  the  said 
point  shall  not  be  in  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  then  that  a  line  drawn 
from  the  said  point  due  north  or  south,  as  the  case  may  be,  until  the  said  line  shall 
intersect  the  said  parallel  of  north  latitude,  and  from  the  point  of  such  intersection 
due  west  along  and  with  the  said  parallel,  shall  be  the  line  of  demarkation  between 
the  territories  of  the  United  States  and  those  of  His  Britannic  Mf^esty,  and  that  the 
said  line  shall  form  the  northern  boundary  of  the  said  territories  of  the  United  States 
and  thn  southern  boundary  of  the  territories  of  His  Britannic  M%jeBty  from  the  Lake 
of  the  Woods  to  the  Stony  Mountains. 

Article  3.  It  is  agreed  that  any  country  that  may  be  claimed  by  either  party  on 
the  northwest  coast  of  America,  westward  of  the  Stony  Mountains,  shall,  together 
with  its  harbours,  bays,  and  creeks,  and  the  navigation  of  all  rivers  within  the  same, 
be  fr«e  and  open,  for  the  term  of  ten  years  from  the  date  of  the  signature  of  the  pres- 
ent convention,  to  the  vessels,  citizens,  and  subjects  of  the  two  powers ;  it  being  well 
understood  that  this  agreement  is  not  to  be  construed  to  the  prejudice  of  any  claim 
which  either  of  the  two  high  contracting  parties  may  have  to  any  part  of  the  said 
country,  nor  shall  it  be  taken  to  affect  the  claims  of  any  other  power  or  state  to  any 
part  of  the  said  country ;  the  only  object  of  the  high  contracting  parties  in  that  re- 
spect being  to  prevent  disputes  and  differences  amongst  themselves. 

In  1824  negotiations  were  resumed  between  the  two  countries  for  the 
settlement,  among  other  things,  of  the  boundary  west  of  the  Eock.\ 
Mountains,  but  no  conclusion  was  reached;  the  claim  of  tiie  English 
Government  being  that  the  boundary  line  should  follow  the  forty-nintli 
parallel  westward  to  the  i»oint  where  this  parallel  strikes  tlie  great 
northwestern  brancli  of  Oohimbia  River,  thence  down  the  middle  of  that 
river  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

In  1826  negotiations  were  resumed,  and  several  compromises  wer( 
proposed  by  both  parties,  but  without  satisfactory  results.  After  this 
the  whole  matter  remained  in  abeyance  until  the  8i>ecial  mission  of  Lord 
Ashburton  to  this  country  in  1842. 

Meanwhile  the  unsettled  questions  regarding  the  northeastern  bonnd 
ary  again  came  up. 

The  case  having  reached  that  stage  at  which  it  became  necessary  tc 
refer  the  points  of  difference  to  a  friendly  sovereign  or  state,  the  two 
powers  found  it  expedient  to  regulate  the  proceedings  and  make  pro- 
visions in  relation  to  such  reference,  and  on  tiie  29th  September)  1827, 
eonolnded  a  convention  to  that  effect. 


[BULL.  171. 

lakes,  and  water 
res  of  tlio  United 
United  States  of 
tho  said  treaty  of 

as  uiade  of  the 
ed.  This  was 
United  States 

Britain— 1818— 
brty-ninth  par- 
e  beyond  these 
remain  open  to 

wtem  point  of  tho 
ide,  or  if  the  said 
I  that  a  line  draTrn 
the  said  line  shall 
f  such  intersection 
narkation  between 
jesty,  and  that  the 
f  the  United  States 
esty  from  the  Lake 

by  either  party  on 
kins,  shall,  together 
P8  within  the  same, 
fnatnreof  thepres- 
wers;  ItbeinRwell 
judice  of  any  claim 
ny  part  of  the  said 
jwer  or  state  to  any 
parties  in  that  re- 

3S. 

ijountries  for  tho 

(t  of  the  Rocky 

of  the  English 

the  forty-ninth 

brikea  tlie  great 

le  middle  of  that 

(mpromises  were 

ilts.    After  this 

mission  of  Lord 

Lheastem  bonnd 

Lme  necessary  tc 
|r  state,  the  two 
and  make  pro- 
aptember,  1827, 


U.   ■-.    -.EOLOOICAL  SURVE'- 


BULLETIN  NO.    171      PL.    IV 


Lai,,- 
Huron. 


82  30 


e2"30' 


r'  cou/fsr 
rntmoueH lahi  toil 


Boundary  between  united  states  and  canada  in  st,  clair  and  Detroit  rivers. 


4 


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ll,«.  ^ 

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'ill 


I  GANNETT.] 


NORTHERN    BOTTNDARy 


17 


The  respective  claims  of  tlio  United  States  and  Great  Britain  were  as 

[follows,  viz : 

Boundary  cUimed  by  United  States. — From  the  scarce  of  the  river  St. 
|Oroix(apoint  of  departure  mutually  acknowledged)  the  boundary  should 
Ibe  a  due  north  line  for  about  140  miles,  crossing  the  river  St.  John  at 
ftbout  75  miles.    At  about  97  miles  it  reaches  a  ridge  or  highland  which 
divides  tributary  streams  of  the  river  St.  John,  which  falls  into  the  Bay 
j»f  Fundy,  from  the  waters  of  the  river  Ristigouche,  which  falls  through 
le  Bay  des  Chaleurs  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.    In  its  further 
)ur8e  the  said  due  north  line,  after  crossing  several  upper  branches  of 
|he  river  Ristigouche,  reaches,  at  about  140  miles,  the  higiilaiids  which 
livide  the  waters  of  the  said  river  Ristigouche  from  the  tributary 
Streams  of  the  river  Metis,  which  falls  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
Thence  the  line  should  run  westerly  and  southwesterly  along  he  high- 
mds  which  divide  the  sources  of  the  several  rivers  (from  the  Metis  to 
le  St.  Francis)  that  empty  themselves  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence — from 
le  sources  of  the  tributaries  of  the  rivers  Ristigouche,  St.  John,  Penoh- 
3ot,  Kennebec,  and  Connecticut,  all  which  either  mediately  or  immedi- 
ately fall  into  the  Atlantic  Oceau. 

Boundary  claimed  by  Great  Britain, — From  the  source  of  the  river  St. 

)r()ix  the  boundary  should  be  a  due  north  line  about  40  miles  to  a  point 

^t  or  near  Mars  Hill ;  thence  it  should  run  westerly  about  115  miles  along 

le  highlands  that  divide  the  sources  of  the  tributaries  of  the  river  St. 

^ohn  from  the  sources  of  the  river  Penobscot  to  a  spot  called  Metjar- 

lette  Portage,  near  the  source  of  the  river  Chaudifere. 

From  this  point  the  line  coincides  with  the  line  claimed  by  the  United 

ites  until  the  northwesternmost  head  of  the  Connecticut  River  is 

iched.    Great  Britain  claimed  one  of  several  small  streams  to  be  the 

jrthwesternmost  tributary  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  the  United 

tates  another. 

AltlUTRATION   UY   KlNG   i)V   THK   NkTIIEKLANDS. 

The  King  of  the  Netherlands  was  selected  in  1820  by  the  two  (Jov- 

ruments  as  the  arbiter,  and  eacli  laid  before  him,  in  eonforniity  with 

^e  provisions  of  the  convention,  all  the  evidence  intended  to  be  brouglit 

i  support  of  its  claim,  and  two  separate  statements  of  the  respective 

368.    These  four  statements,  which  embrace  the  arguments  at  large  of 

jh  party,  respectively,  have  been  printed,  but  not  published  (1840). 

e  award  of  the  King  of  the  Netherlands,  made  in  1831,  was  as  fol- 
?s,  vi/ : 


e  are  of  tho  opinion  that  it  will  bo  snitable  {il  oonvtendra)  to  adopt  as  the  bonnd- 
of  the  two  states  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  source  of  the  river  St.  Croix 
the  point  where  it  intersects  the  middle  of  tho  thalweg  of  the  river  St.  John ; 
ince  tlie  middle  of  the  thalweg;  of  that  river,  ascending  it  to  the  point  where  tho 
rer  St.  Francis  empties   itself  into  tho  river  St.  John;   thence  the  middle  of 
thalweg  of  the  river  Saint  I'rancis,  .isceuding  it  to  tho  source  of  its  southwest- 
Bull.  171 2 


1^ 

1. 1 


18 


BOTTXDARTKS    OF   THTC    TTNITKII    STATFS. 


fBri,!,.  171. 


ernmost  branch,  which  oonrce  we  indicate  on  the  Map  A  by  the  letter  X,  anthenti- 
oated  by  the  Hignature  of  our  miniBter  of  fornigu  afl'airs ;  thenco  in  a  line  drawn  due 
west  to  tln)  point  where  it  unites  with  the  lino  cluitnod  by  the  United  States  of 
America  uud  delineated  on  the  Mai-  A;  thenco  said  lino  to  the  point  at  which, 
according  to  said  map,  it  coincides  with  that  claimed  by  Great  Britain,  and  thent  ( 
the  lino  traced  on  the  map  by  the  two  powers  to  the  uorthwesternmoNt  source  nf 
Connocticnt  River. 

»  •  •  •  *  • 

Wo  are  of  the  opinion  that  tho  stroaui  situated  farthest  to  the  northwest,  amoii(; 
tlirse  which  (all  into  the  northernmost  of  tho  three  lakes,  the  last  of  which  henn 
tlio  name  of  Connecticut  Lake,  must  be  considered  as  the  northwosternmost  head  ul 
Connecticut  Kivor. 

Wo  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  will  be  suitable  {il  conviendra)  to  proceed  to  fre«li 
oi»erii lions  to  uu^asure  tho  observed  latitude  in  order  to  mark  out  the  boundary  from 
river  Conneclicnt  along  tho  parallel  of  the  forty-fifth  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the 
river  Kaint  Jjawrenco,  named  in  tho  treaties  Iroquois  or  Cataraquy,  in  such  a  mannt^r, 
however,  that,  ui  nil  eases,  at  the  place  called  Rouse's  Point  the  territory  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  of  Anu;rica  shall  extend  to  the  fort  erected  at  that  place,  and  shall  includt 
said  fort  and  its  kilometrical  radius  (rayon  kilomeiriqtie). 

•  «  *  *  4  •  * 

Eowever  disposed  the  Govenimeut  of  tbe  United  States  might  havi 
been  to  acquiesce  in  the  decision  of  the  arbiter,  it  had  not  the  power 
to  change  the  boundaries  of  a  State  without  the  consent  of  the  State. 
Against  that  alteration  the  State  of  Maine  entered  a  solemn  protest  bv 
the  resolutions  of  19th  January,  1832.  And  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  did  accordingly  refuse  to  give  its  assent  to  the  award. 

The  arbitration  of  the  King  of  the  Netherlands  having  failed,  fruit 
less  negotiations  ensued  for  a  period  of  eleven  years.  Unsuccessful  at 
tempts  were  made  to  conclude  an  agreement  preparatory  to  anothei 
arbitration.  The  subject  became  a  matter  of  great  irritation,  collisions 
occurred  in  tho  contested  territory,  and  for  a  time  it  seemed  certain 
that  the  controversy  would  result  in  war  between  the  two  powers.  In 
1842,  however,  Great  Britain  gave  unequivocal  i)roof  of  her  desire  for 
the  preservation  of  peace,  and  an  amicable  arrangement  of  the  mattei 
at  issue,  by  the  special  mission  of  Lord  Ashburton  to  the  United 
States.  The  subject  of  this  mission  was  the  settlement,  not  only  of  tLt 
northeastern  boundary,  but  the  northern  boundary  west  of  the  Eockj 
Mountains.  Begarding  this  object  of  his  mission.  Lord  Ashburton's 
instructions  gave  as  the  ultimatum  of  the  English  (Government  tie 
boundary  as  above  claimed  (p.  16),  and,  naturally,  his  mission  had  \v 
result,  as  far  as  this  portion  of  the  boundary  was  concerned. 

An  agreement  was  reached,  however,  in  regard  to  the  northeaster! 
boundary,  which,  the  consent  of  the  State  of  Maine  having  been  ob 
tained,  was  embodied  in  the  treaty  concluded  August  9, 1842. 

Treaty  with  Great  Britain,  1842. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  portion  of  this  treaty  relating  to  tliej 

boundary: 

Article  I.  It  is  hereby  agreed  and  declared  that  the  line  of  boundary  shall  be  a^ 
follows :  BeginuiDg  at  tbe  monument  at  the  source  of  tbe  river  St.  CroiZ;  tus  desig 


.'   H     rli 


'Tl 


!  U.  a.   QEOLOOICAL  SURVtV 


BULLETIN   NO.    IT  I      PL.  VM 


letter  X,  antbenti 
]  aline  drawn  diip 
United  States  of 
0  point  at  wbich, 
Iritnin,  and  thence 
ternniuHt  Hource  of 


nurtbwcHt,  among 
i8t  of  which  l»eHi> 
cHtorniuost  head  ot 


to  proceed  to  frcMli 
the  boundary  from 
orth  latitnuo  to  tL« 
',  in  Huch  a  manni^r, 
;erritory  of  the  Uni 
t'.,  and  shall  include 


:,ate8  might  havf 
i  not  the  power 
jnt  of  the  State, 
Dlemn  protest  bj 
,te  of  the  United 
award. 

ing  failed,  fruit 
Unsuccessful  at 
itory  to  anothei 
itation,  collisions 
t  seemed  certaii 
two  powers.  It 
of  her  desire  for 
mt  of  the  mattei 
to  the  United 
t,  not  only  of  tbf 
est  of  the  Eockj 
iriord  Ashburton'i 
Government  tit 
8  mission  had  ik 
serned. 

the  northeaster! 
having  been  ob 
9,1842. 

py  relating  to  tbtl 

boundary  shall  bo  &  1 
St.  Croix,  SM  desig  | 


NORTHERN   BOUNDARY  OF   MAINE,  SHOWING   UNITED 
STATES  AND    BRITISH    CLAIMS. 


I'ORTION   OF   DISTURNELL'S   MAP  OF  SOUTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY, 

(SEE   PAGES  25-26).      - 


1847 


Itl 
111 

St 

] 

til 

lini 

r' 

kiti 

Itl 

ktti 
bt 

eai 
bet 

md  i 

llftiic] 
State 
Aeol 

tiret( 

via  II 

«]|b  si 
oithe 
aid  II 
n(th( 

BDC< 


Br 

ce  : 
lal 

Il«, 

Etbe 

It, 

Brvi 


WNKTT.] 


NORTH KASTKHN    KOUNDAUY. 


19 


kttxl  uiid  agreed  to  by  the  oommiiiftiouera  under  the  fifth  article  of  the  treaty  of  1794, 
Btweeu  the  Ooveriiui  tuts  of  the  United  Stateu  and  Ore&t  Britain;  thenoe  north,  fol- 
riug  the  exploring  lin.<  'un  and  marked  by  the  surveyors  of  the  two  Govenunent« 
the  years  1817  and  181)^,  under  the  fifth  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  to  its  inter- 
iiibotiou  with  the  river  St.  John,  and  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  thereof;  thenoe 
;||>  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  said  river  8t.  John,  to  the  mouth  of  the 
i^er  Saint  Francis ;   thence  op  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  the  said  river  8t. 
El^ncis,  and  of  the  lakes  through  which  it  flows,  to  the  outlet  of  the  Lake  Pohenaga- 
'"Sok  ;  thence  sonthwesterly,  in  a  straight  line,  to  a  point  on  the  northwest  branch 
I  tliu  river  8t.  John,  which  point  shall  be  ten  miles  distant  from  the  main  branch 
[the  St.  John,  in  a  straight  line,  and  in  the  nearest  direction,  bnt  if  the  said  point 
tU  be  found  to  be  less  than  seven  miles  from  the  nearest  point  of  the  summit  or 
St  of  the  highlands  that  divide  those  riven  which  empty  themselves  into  the  river 
Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  river  St.  John,  there  the  said  point 
kU  be  made  to  recede  down  the  said  northwest  branch  of  the  river  St.  John,  to  a 
lint  Heven  miles  in  a  straight  line  from  the  said  summit  or  crest ;  thence  in  a  straight 
ke,  in  a  course  about  south,  eight  degrees  west,  to  the  point  where  the  parallel  of 
(itude  46°  25'  north  intersects  the  southwest  branch  of  the  St.  John's ;  thence 
itherly,  by  the  said  branch,  to  the  source  thereof  in  the  highlands  at  the  Metjar- 
Itte  portage ;  thence  down  along  the  said  highlands  which  divide  the  waters  which 
Ipty  themselves  into  the  river  Saint  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic 
Ban,  to  the  head  of  Hall's  stream ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  said  stream  till  the 
ke  thus  run  intersects  the  old  line  of  boundary  surveyed  and  marked  by  Valentine 
id  Collins,  previotuly  to  the  year  1774,  as  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude,  and 
lich  has  been  known  and  understood  to  be  the  line  of  actual  division  between  the 
Slates  of  New  York  and  Vermont  on  one  side,  and  the  British  province  of  Canada  on 
ke  other ;  and  from  said  point  of  intersection,  west,  along  the  said  dividing  line,  as 
Iretofore  known  and  understood,  to  the  Iroquois  or  St.  Lawrence  River. 
LRTICLE  n.  It  is  moreover  agreed  that,  from  the  place  where  the  joint  commis- 
bners  terminated  their  labors  under  the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  of  Qhent,  to-wit, 
[a  point  in  the  Neebish  channel,  ncarMuddy  Lake,  the  line  shall  run  into  and  along 
ship  channel,  between  St.  Joseph  and  Saint  Tammany  islands,  to  the  division 
|tho  channel  at  or  near  the  head  of  St.  Joseph's  Island ;  thence  turning  ea^twardly 
northwardly  around  the  lower  end  of  St.  George's  or  Sugar  Island,  and  follow- 
:the  middle  of  the  channel  which  divides  St.  George's  from  St.  Joseph's  Island; 
Bnce  up  the  east  Neebish  channel,  nearest  to  St.  George's  Island,  through  the  mid- 
lof  Lake  George;  thence  west  of  Jonas'  Island,  into  St.  Mary's  River,  to  a  point 
[the  middle  of  that  river,  about  one  mile  above  St.  George's  or  Sugar  Island,  so 
to  appropriate  and  assign  the  said  island  to  the  United  States ;  thence,  adopt- 
the  line  traced  on  the  maps  by  the  commissioners,  through  the  river  St.  Mary  and 
to  Superior,  to  a  point  north  of  He  Royale,  in  said  lake,  one  hundred  yards  to  the 
th  and  east  of  He  Chapean,  which  last  mentioned  island  lies  near  the  northeastern 
it  of  He  Royale,  where  the  line  marked  by  tbe  commissioners  terminates;  and 
the  last-mentioned  point,  southwesterly,  through  the  middle  of  the  sound  be- 
an He  Royale  and  the  northwestern  mainland,  to  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  River,  and 
|the  said  river,  to  and  through  the  north  and  south  Fowl  Lakes,  to  the  lakes  of  the 
;ht  of  land  between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Lake  of  the  Woods ;  thenoe  along  the 
Br  communication  to  Lake  Saisaginaga,  and  through  that  lake ;  thence  to  and 
ragh  Cypress  Lake,  Lac  du  Bois  Blanc  Lao  la  Croix,  Little  Vermillion  Lake,  and 
Ice  Namecan,  and  through  the  several  smaller  lakes,  straits,  or  streams,  connecting 
lakes  here  mentioned,  to  that  point  in  Lac  la  Pluie,or  Rainy  Lake,at  the  Chaudi^re 
lis,  from  which  the  commissioners  traced  the  line  to  the  most  northwestern  point 
|the  Lake  of  the  Woods;  thence,  along  the  said  line,  to  the  said  most  northwestern 
It,  being  in  latitude  49°  23'  55"  north,  and  in  longitude  95°  14'  3b"  west  fk»m  the 
ervatory  at  Qieenwioh;  thence,  according  to  existing  treaties,  dae  sootb  to  itn  in- 


20 


ROUNDAUIKH    <»K    TIIK    UNITKI)    STATES. 


Imiu..l71. 


tersAotion  with  the  forty-ninth  pHrallel  of  north  latitude,  and  along  that  imrallel  to 
the  Rooky  Mouiitaiim.  It  buing  undoiHtood  that  all  tl)<<  water  conuniinicutioiiH  and  all 
the  uanal  portages  along  the  line  tVom  Lako  Superior  to  the  Lake  of  th<-  WochIh,  uml 
aJHO  Qraud  Portage,  from  the  uhore  of  Lake  Superior  to  the  Pigeon  Kivir,  iih  imw 
actually  uued,  shall  be  free  and  open  to  the  use  of  the  uitizens  and  subJectH  of  liotli 

countries. 

•  •••••• 

ARTICLE  VII.  It  is  further  agreed  that  the  cliannels  in  the  riv»»»'  ''t.  Lawrence,  im 
both  sides  of  the  Long  Sault  iHlands,  and  of  Btirnhart  Island ;  the  channels  in  the  rivci 
Detroit,  on  both  sides  of  the  inland  Bois  Blanc,  and  between  that  islund  and  lioth  tin 
American  and  Canadian  shores,  and  all  the  several  channels  and  iwissages  between 
the  various  islands  lying  near  the  Junction  of  the  river  8t.  Cluir  with  the  luke  of  thai 
name,  shall  be  equally  free  and  open  to  the  ships,  vessels,  and  liouts  of  both  partit-H. 

Between  1843  and  1846  tbero  was  considerable  negotiation  regard 
ing  tbe  boundary  west  of  the  Kooky  Mountaiim,  resulting  finally  in  tlit 
Webster- AsUburton  treaty,  wbich  defined  the  boundary  as  far  west  as 
the  straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca.  The  following  is  that  portion  of  the  treat} 
which  defines  the  boundary. 

WKHSTKK-A.SUUUKTON  TKKATV   with  GitKAT  Ukitain,  184t5. 

Articls  I.  From  the  point  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  where  the 
boundary  laid  down  in  existing  treaties  and  conventions  between  the  United  Stattn 
and  Oreat  Britain  terminates,  the  line  of  boundary  between  the  territories  of  the 
United  States  and  those  of  Her  Britannic  Majesty  shall  be  continued  westward  along 
tbe  said  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  whirli 
separates  tbe  continent  from  Vancouver's  Island,  and  thence  southerly  through  tiie 
middle  of  the  said  channel,  and  of  Fuca'a  Straits  to  the  Pacific  Ocean :  Provided, 
however,  That  the  navigation  of  the  whole  of  the  said  channel  and  straits  south  of 
the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude  remain  free  and  open  to  both  parties. 

Abticlb  II.  From  the  point  at  which  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latituiU 
shall  be  found  to  intersect  the  great  northern  l)ranch  of  tbe  Columbia  River,  tbe  nav 
igation  of  the  said  branch  shall  be  free  and  open  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  to 
all  British  subjects  trading  with  the  same,  to  the  point  where  the  said  branch  meet> 
the  main  stream  of  the  Columbia,  and  thence  down  the  said  main  stream  to  the  oceau, 
with  free  access  into  and  through  the  said  river  or  rivers,  it  being  understood  that  all 
the  usual  portages  along  the  line  thus  described  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  free  auil 
open.  In  navigating  the  said  river,  or  rivers,  British  subjects,  with  their  goods  and 
produce,  shall  be  treated  on  the  same  footing  as  citizens  of  the  United  States ;  it  be- 
ing, however,  always  understood  that  nothing  in  this  article  shall  be  construed  m 
preventing,  or  intending  to  p)  ev  ent,  the  Govern  meut  of  the  United  States  from  making 
any  regulations  respecting  Hit  navigation  of  the  said  river  or  rivers  not  inconsistent 
with  the  present  treaty. 

The  above  treaty  extended  the  line  westward  from  the  Rocky  Mouut 
ains  to  the  Pacific  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude.  This  set 
tied  the  northern  boundary  with  the  exception  of  the  islands  and  pas 
sages  in  the  straits  of  Georgia  and  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  the  English  claim 
ing  that  the  boundary  should  properly  run  through  the  Bosario  strait. 
the  most  eastern  passage,  while  the  United  States  claimed  that  it  should 
naturally  follow  the  Strait  of  Haro. 

This  matter  was  finally  settled  by  a  reference  to  the  Emperor  of  6er 
many  as  an  arbitrator,  who  decided  it  in  favor  of  the  United  States  or 


I 


I. 


IhHU,.  171 


U.    ".    QfOl-OUIt.*!-  SUHVlV 


BULHTIN  NO     '"        »'       VIII 


DUg  that  |iHrallel  in 
iniinicutiuim  und  nil 
)  of  th<-  \V<k)(Ih,  und 
geon  Kivt'i,  uh  how 
nd  HubjectH  of  botli 


•r  "^t.  Lawrence,  im 
-'haiinelBiutherivi'i 
iHlatid  and  both  lln- 
I  ])iiHHage8  Itetwet'D 
lith  the  hike  of  that 
latB  of  both  particH. 

rotiation  regard 
ing  fiuHlly  in  tlu 
[•y  as  far  west  as 
tion  of  the  treat) 


N,  1«4(J. 

1  latitude,  where  the 
n  the  United  Statin 
lie  territories  of  the 
aed  westward  along 
the  channel  whirli 
atherly  through  tlu 
ftc  Ocean :  Provided. 
knd  straits  south  of 
o  both  parties. 

of  north  latitudi- 
ibia  River,  the  nav- 
ay  Company,  and  tc 
e  said  branch  meet' 
stream  to  the  ocean. 

understood  that  all 
lanner,  be  free  ami 

ith  their  goods  and 
Inited  States ;  it  be- 
tail  be  construed  u« 

States  from  makint; 

ers  not  inconsistent 

le  Rocky  Moant 
itude.  This  set 
islands  and  pas 
e  English  claim 
e  Bosario  strait. 
ed  that  it  should 

Emperor  of  Ger 
Jnited  States  or 


/VW^//,. 


^ 


j 


-♦710 


-4-6  99 


U) 


BOUNDARY   BETWEEN   MAINE  AND  CANADA. 


BULLETIN  NO.    Kl       PL.   IX 


BOUNDARY   BETWEEN   MAINE  ANO  CANADA 


hii! 


■•  ai 


U.  «.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.   171       PL.  x 


BOUNDARY    BETWEEN    MAINE  AND   CANADA. 


t  ti 


U.    f.    GEOLOGICAL  fUHVEY 


BULLETIN    NO.    171       PL.    xi 


BOUNDARY  BETWEEN   MAINE  AND  CANADA. 


w 


mersi 


I        ^ 


1 1 


U.    ';.    GEOLOGICAL    9URVEV 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       PL.   XII 


70  15 


7Cri5' 


1«t»' 


*Szo- 


4520 


70*0 


BOUNDARY  BETWEEN   MAINE  AND  CANADA. 


mmt 


m 


1  r 


U.    9.  OEOLOGICAL   auRVCY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       PL.   Kill 


BOUNDARY   BETWEEN    MAINE,   NEW   HAMPSHIRE    AND  CANADA. 


•miji  iirriiiii' 


kNSKTT.] 


LOUISIANA     ITKCIIASK. 


t>l 


|ie  2lHt  ofOctolior,  1.H72,  thus  linally  (lisposiii};  of  our  boundary  with 
heat  Britain. 


ADDITIONS  TO   TUK   TEUHITOltY  OF   TUE   UNITED   STATES. 

I-OI  ISIA>\    IMKdIASK. 

jThe  entire  basin  of  the  Mississippi,  with  much  of  tlie  coast  region  of 

|o  (rulf  of  Mexico,  wiiicli  was  subsequently  known  as  the  territory  of 

)uisiana,  was  originally  clainunl  by  France  by  virtue  of  discovery  and 

•upation. 

|ln  I71li  France  made  a  grant  to  Antoine  de  Crozat,  of  the  exclusive 

flit  to  the  trade  of  this  region.     As  this  grant  makes  the  llrst,  and 

^leed,  the  only,  statement  of  the  limits  of  this  vast  region,  as  they  were 

liderstood  by  France,  a  portion  of  it  is  here  intioduced. 

Ve  liavo  by  those  proHonts  siniioil  with  our  liiind,  authorized,  and  do  authorize  the 
|A  Siour  Crozat  to  carry  on  exclu8iv«'ly  tho  trado  iu  all  the  territories  by  U8  jios- 
gid,  and  hounded  hy  New  Mexico  and  by  t)u)8e  of  the  luij^lish  in  Carolina,  all  the 
ilishnicntH,  ports,  harbors,  rivers,  and  especially  the  port  and  harbor  of  Dauphin 
iiid,  (brnierly  called  Massacre  Island,  the  river  St.  Louis,  formerly  called  the 
[if<issippi,  from  the  seasiiore  to  the  Illinois,  tog;.>.er  with  the  river  St.  Philip, 
iierly  called  the  Missouries  Hivor,  and  tlie  St.  .Feronu',  formerly  c.illed  the  Waliash 
le  <  )hio),  with  all  tlie  countries,  territories,  lakes  in  the  land,  and  tiio  rivers  empty- 
directly  or  indire<tly  into  that  part  of  the  river  St.  Louis.     All  the  said  terri- 
|les,  countries,  rivt^rs,  streams,  and  islnu-''    we  will  to  be  and  remain  comprisetl 
ler  the  name  of  the  {government  of  Louisiana,  which  shall  be  dependent  on  the 
acral  G<)vernment  of  New  Franco  and  remain  subordinate  U>  it,  and  wo  will, 
re(>v((r,  that  all  the  territories  which  wo  possess  on  this  side  of  tin'  Illitiois  be 
|ted,  as  far  as  need  be,  to  the  General  (Jovornmont  of  New  Franco  and  form  a  part 
reof, reserving  to  ourself,  nevertheless,  to  increase,  if  we. judge  proper,  the  extent 
khe  government  of  the  said  country  of  Louisiana. 

i'rom  this  it  appears  that  Louisiana  was  regarded  by  France  as  corn- 
sing  the  drainage  basin  of  the  Mississippi  at  least  as  far  north  as 
mouth  of  the  Illinois,  with  those  of  all  Its  branches  which  enter  it 
)w  this  point,  including  the  Missouri,  but  excluding  that  portion  in 
Southwest  claimed  by  Spain.     It  is,  moreover,  (;ertain  that  the  area 
comprised  iu  Washington,  Oregon,  and  Idaho  was  not  included. 
Jrozat  surrendered  this  grant  in  1717. 

>n  November  3,  1762,  France  ceded  this  region  to  Spain,  defining  it 
ly  as  the  province  of  Louisiana.     A  few  months  later,  on  February  10, 
p,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great  Britain,  Fr-ince,  and  Spain, 
western  boundary  of  the  former's  possessions  in    .lie  New  World 
placed  in  the  center  of  the  Mississippi  River,  thus  reducing  the  area 
iouisiana  by  the  portion  east  of  the  Mississippi  River.     Thus  by 
se   two  treaties    France    disposed   of  her    possessions  in    North 
lerica,  dividing  them  between  Great  Britain  and  Spain.    The  limit 
between  their  possessions  was  given  as  the  Mississippi,  the  river 
rville,  and  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain. 
j^^eat  Britain  then  proceeded  to  subdivide  her  share  of  this  terri- 


22 


BOUNDAIUKrt    OF    TFIK    TNITKI)    STATKS. 


[nri.i..  171 


'i'  i 


i' 


tory.  Thu  aiuii  .suittli  of  a  iiu;ri<liaii  tliroit;;h  tlu;  nioiith  of  Va. 
River  ami  west  of  A|>ala(;lii((»la  River  siic  calletl  West  Florida;  tin 
rej^ion  east  thereof  and  soiitli  of  the  present  north  boundary  of  I'Moriiln 
received  the  name  of  Kast  Florida.  For  the  followiujf  twenty  year^, 
i.  e.,  up  to  178.'i,  these  boiunhiries  and  names  remained  undistnrbt  il 
In  tlie  latter  year,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  w  ith  the  United  Htates  at  tin 
('lose  of  the!  l{evohition,  (Ireat  liritain  reduce<l  the  area  of  West 
Florida  by  the  cession  of  that  portion  n(»rth  of  the  thirty-llrst  parallel 
to  the  United  States.  In  the  same  year  she  {jave  Fast  Flori<la  ami 
what  remained  of  West  Florida  to  Hpain,  and  in  Spain's  possession 
they  remained  until  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  IHI\). 

Meantime,  in  I8(H»,  liy  the  socket  treaty  of  San  lldefonso,  Spiiiii 
promised  to  return  Louisiana  to  France.  In  tliu  lan^i^ua^^e  of  tin 
treaty,  she  pledfjed  lierself  to  return  to  France  the  "  Province  ni 
Louisiami,  with  the  same  extent  it  now  has  in  the  hands  <»f  Spain,  and 
that  it  had  when  Spain  possessed  it,  and  such  as  it  should  be  after  tin 
treaties  subse(iuently  entered  into  between  Spain  and  otiier  States.'' 

Immediately  after  this  transfer  became  known,  on  November  .'id, 
180'J,  measures  were  set  on  loot  by  President  .leH'erson  for  securinj,'  in 
some  way  free  access  to  the  sea  by  way  of  the  Mississippi  River,  ("ii 
cumstances  favored  this  negotiation,  lionaparte  was  at  that  time  ii. 
almost  daily  exi)ectation  of  a  declaration  of  war  by  (heat  Britain.  Ii 
which  case  the  tirst  act  of  the  latter  would  be  to  seize  the  niouth  <i 
the  Mississippi,  and  with  it  the  province  of  Louisiana  I'nder  thtM 
circumstances  IJonaparte  offered  to  sell  the  [iroviu'  >  the  U'  itti 
States,  and  the  otter  was  promptly  a('cei)te«l.  Tiie  e  ..Matioii  wii> 
00,000,000  francs  and  the  assumption  by  the  United  States  of  tlu 
"I'rench  spoliation  claims,"  which  were  estimated  to  amount  ti 
)!53,7r)0,000. 

The  treaty  of  cession,  which  bears  date  Ai)ril  .30, 1803,  describes  th' 
territory  oidy  as  being  the  same  as  ceded  by  Spain  to  France  by  tin 
treaty  of  San  lldefonso. 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  territory  sold  to  the  United  State 
comprised  that  i)art  of  the  drainage  basin  of  the  Mississippi  which  lit 
west  of  the  course  of  the  river,  with  the  exception  of  such  parts  ;i 
were  then  held  by  Spaiti.  The  want  of  precise  definition  of  linnts  ii 
the  treaty  was  not  objected  to  by  the  American  commissioners,  as  tin 
probably  foresaw  that  this  very  indeliniteness  might  prove  of  servic 
to  the  United  States  in  future  negotiations  with  other  powers.  1 
fact,  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  the  area  now  comprised  i 
Oregon,  Washington,  and  Idaho  in  the  negotiations  with  Great  Rritai 
regarding  the  northwestern  boundary,  was  ostensibly  based,  not  oiil 
upon  prior  occupation  ami  upon  purchase  from  Si)ain,  but  also  n\)« 
the  alleged  fact  that  this  area  formed  i)art  of  the  Louisiana  purch:i-^( 
That  this  claim  was  baseless  is  shown  not  oidy  by  wliat  has  boe: 
already  detailed  regarding  the  limits  of  the  purchase,  but  also  by  tli 


[HUM..  171 

umth  of  Va. 
'St  Florida;  tin 
iidary  of  FloriMii 
^  twenty  yvww 
eel  undisturbt  (I 
U'd  States  at  tin 
e  area  of  Wt  >i 
rtylliMt  parallti  * 
'last  Klori«la  ami  i| 
laiii's  posseasioii 

lldefonso,  Spain 

laii}j;»iiK«  "^  ^'"' 
10  "  Province  nt 
ids  of  Spain,  and 
lould  be  lifter  thf 

other  States." 
n  November  .'«». 
n  for  seeiirinjr  in 
sippi  lliver.  <'ii 
*  at  that  time  ii. 
(Ireat  Britain,  ii 
ei/e  the  moutli  " 
na  Under  thix 
>  the  T'  it  ft 
•ration  \\.\> 
ted  States  of  tlit  ,J 

d    to    amount  ti 

803,  describes  tb 
to  France  by  tlu 

he  United  Static 
issippi  which  iii"  ^ 
of  such  parts  a- 
nitiou  of  limits  ii  | 
nissionera,  as  tlic; 
t  prove  of  servin  1 
)tlier  powers.    I 
now  comprised  i; 
vith  Great  Britiiii 
ly  based,  not  onl; 
lin,  but  also  upoi 
juisiana  purchase  | 
>y  what  has  boe:  | 
se,  but  also  by  il« ' 


flULLF-TIN    NO    171    PL   XIV 


\    I 


U.  i       eOLOo,^.'''-   PJRVE.Y 


.4 
■1 

"4 


,:M 


BULLETIN    NO.  171    PL.  XIV 


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UNITED  STATES 

HUOWTNO 

ESSTONS  OF  TKHRTTOHY 


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JUUU.'i  BIEN  a  r.O   LITH    N  V 


\i 


LOUISIANA    IMTRCHASE FLORIDA. 


23 


^iiv<'t  testimony  of  the  Freneli  plenipotentiary,  M.  Barb«'>  Marbois. 
)iue  twenty  years  after  the  purchase  lie  published  a  work  upon 
Louisiana,  in  which  lie  detailed  at  some  length  the  negotiations  which 
Receded  the  purchase,  and,  referring  to  this  question  said:  "The 
lliores  of  the  western  or-eaii  were  certainly  not  comprised  in  the  ces- 
jioii,  but  already  the  United  States  are  established  there." 

There  is  also  contained  in  this  work  a  map  of  the  country  between 
le  Mississippi  and  the  Pacific,  on  which  the  extent  of  Louisiana  to 
U!  westward  is  indicated  by  a  lin«^  drawn  on  the  one  hundred  and  tenth 
leridian,  which  is  not  far  from  the  western  limit  of  the  drainage  basin 
the  Mississippi  in  Wyoming  and  Montana.  That  part  of  the  coun- 
ry  now  conjprised  in  Oregon,  Washington,  and  Idaho,  which,  it  has 
Ben  claimed,  formed  part  of  the  purchase,  bears  the  following  legend: 
rr«'rritories  and  countries  occupied  by  the  United  States,  following 
le  treaty  of  cession  of  Louisiana." 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  northwestern  limits  of  the  Louisiana 
nchase  can  no  longer  be  a  matter  of  discussion ;  but  although  the 
nited  States  certainly  did  not  purchase  Oregon,  as  a  part  of  Louisi- 
la,  it  is  no  less  <;ertain  that  that  great  area  west  of  the  Rocky  Moiin- 
^iiis  fell  into  their  hands  as  a  direct  conseciueuce  of  such  purchase. 

FLOBIIU  I'UKCilASK. 

'The  second  addition  to  the  territory  of  the  United  States  consisted 

the  Floridas,  purchased  from  Spain  on  February  22,  1819.  From 
|«  date  of  the  liouisiana  purchase,  in  18()3,  the  territory  bounded  by 
|e  Mississippi  Hiver  on  the  v/est,  the  Perdidoon  theesist,  the  parallel 

.'»r^  on  the  north,  and  the  Crulf  on  the  south  had  been  in  <lispute 
ktween  the  two  countries.     During  a  i)art  oi  this  time  it  had  been 
la<tically  in  the  possession  of  the  United  Staiis. 
(The  clause  ".}uoted  above  from  the  treat^v  of  San  Ildefonso  was  inter- 

?ted  by  Jetterson  and  others  in  this  ci-untry  to  mean  the  inclusion  of 
fest  Florida.    Their  reasoning  was  this;   In  1S(M)  Spain  owned  Wi>t 
[orida;  West  Florida  was  once  a  i)art  of  Loui      na;  in  18U0  Spain 
Ueded  Louisiana  to  France;   she  therefore  re-cedf<l   West  I  lorida 
Ith  it. 

Jpain,  however,  held  that  this  was  merely  a  treaty  of  recession,  \>j 

lich  she  gave  back  to  France  what  France  had  given  to  h<i  in  1702. 

Kc  in  1702  she  did  not  own  West  Florida,  she  could  not,  therefore, 

r'c  receded  it  to  France. 

to  this  matter,  Marbois,  the  French  plenipotentiary,  was     dry 

jitive  in  stating  that  West  Florida  formed  no  part  of  the  Lo<  ..siana 

rcliase,  and  that  the  southeastern  boundary  of  the  latter  was  the 
fer  Iberville  and  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain, 
Immediately  after  the  Louisiana  purchase  the  claim  was  made  by 
United  States  that  it  included  most  of  West  Florida,  and  also  a 
of  the  Texas  coast,  but  this  was  not  entertained  by  Spain.    In 

lO  a  revolution  was  eftected  in  that  part  of  West  Florida  lying  west 


-TT-riteir 


■Si 


24 


BOTTNDARTES    OF   THE    UNITPM)    STATKS. 


tnri.i,.  171 


'I 


of  Pearl  ltiv«M",  siiid  iipplic^ation  was  made  foi'  anu^^\atioll  to  the  United 
States.  The  governor  ol'  Louisiana,  under  instructions  from  Wash 
ington,  at  onre  took  possession,  but  inunediately  a  counter  revolution 
was  organized  against  him,  which  was  put  down  by  force  of  arms,  and 
in  181li  this  part  of  West  Florida  was  annexed  to  the  State  of  liOuisiana. 
Meantime,  the  insurrection  spread  eastward  in  West  Florida,  and, 
althougli  put  down  by  Spanish  authorities,  the  movement  received  tin 
sympathy  of  tlie  TnitiMl  States,  wliich  i)as8ed  a  secret  act  authori/iiij; 
the  President,  under  certain  specitied  contingencies,  to  use  force  in 
taking  possession  of  the  Floridas.  In  1.S12  that  portion  of  West  Florida 
lying  between  Perdido  and  Pearl  rivers  was  annexed  to  the  Territory 
of  Mississippi.  * 

This  puHihase  settled  these  conflicting  claims. 

I'he  following  is  the  clause  in  the  treaty  with  Spain  ceding  the  Flor 
idas  which  detines  the  cession: 

Aim".  2.  His  ('atliolic  Majesty  codeH  to  the  I'nitcd  .States,  in  full  propoitj-  iiiul  so. 
ereijUiity,  all  thi'  territories  wliicli  belong  to  him,  Hituatetl  to  the  eastward  of  tlit 
Mississipiii,  known  by  the  name  of  East  un*l  West  Florida,  tho  adjacunt  islitinl' 
dependent  upon  said  province,  etc;. 

A  further  arti(!le  in  this  treaty  deiines  ihe  boundary  between  ilit 
United  States  an<l  the  Spanish  possessions  in  the  Southwest,  as  follow> 

The  boundary  lino  between  the  two  countries,  west  of  the  Mississipiii,  shall  In  ^;: 
on  the  (inlf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  in  the  sea,  continiiii. 
north,  alon;!f  the  western  bank  of  that  river,  to  the  thirty-second  degree  of  latitml 
thenoo  by  a  line  due  north  to  the  degree  of  latitude  where  it  strikes  the  Hio  Ko\n. 
Nachitoches,  or  Ked  Kiver;  then  following  the  course  of  the  liio  Roxo  to  the  de^n 
of  buigitude  100  west  from  London,  or  about  2'.i    west  of  Washington ;  tlien  (srossii . 
th»^  sai<l  Rio  Koxo  and  running  thence,  by  a  lino  du<!  north,  to  the  River  ArkaiisM 
thence,  following  the  course  of  the  southern  bank  of  tho  Arkansas,  to  its  source  i; 
latitude  42  north;  and  thence  by  that  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  .South  8ea,  IL 
whole  being  as  laid  down  in  Mclish's  map  of  the  United  States,  publisln-d  at  I'liiL 
delphia,  improved  to  the  1st  of  .January,  IHIS.     But  if  the  source  of  the  Arkaii> 
River  shall  be  found  to  fall  nortli  or  south  of  latitude  4J,  then  tho  line  shall  run  li 
tlio  sai<l  source  due  south  or  north,  as  the  case  may  be,  till  it  meets  the  said  {tai  < 
of  latitude  42,  and  thence  along  the  said  ]>aral1el  to  the  .South  Sea,  all  the  islaii<: 
tilt;  Sabine  and  the  said  Ived  and  Arkansas  rivers,  througlio.it  the  course  thus 
scribed,  to  belong  to  the  I'nitcd  .States;  but  the  use  of  the  waters,  an<l  tho  na^ . 
tioD  of  the  Sabine  to  the  sea,  and  of  the  said  rivers  Roxo  and  Arkansas  through 
the  extent  of  the  snid  bonmlarv  on  their  respective  banks  shall  be  common  to  i:] 
respective  inhabitants  of  imili  nations. 


TKXAS   A('<'KSSIO\. 

The  next  acquisition  of  t4'rritory  was  that  of  the  Republic  of  Te\;i 
which  was  adK:itted  as  a  State  on  l)ecend)er  L'l),  184.1.  The  area  win 
Texas  brought  into  the  Union  was  limited  as  foUows.  as  defined  by  t 
Republic  of  Texas,  December  1!),  18.5G: 

Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  .Sabine  Itivcr  and  running  west  along  tho  Cull  i 
Mexico  three  leagues  from  laud  to  the  n    mth  of  the  Hiotrrande,  thence  up  the  |h. 
cipal  stream  of  that  river  to  its  source,  thence  due  north  to  the  forty-second  di 
of  north  latitude,  thence  along  the  boundary  line  as  defined  in  the  treaty  botweij; 
Spain  and  the  United  States,  to  the  beginning. 


at 


[m-M..  171 


kNNKTT.] 


FIRST    MEXK'AN    CESSION. 


25 


•11  to  the  Unitt'il 
1118  from  Wash 
inter  revolution 
•ce  of  arms,  and 
ate  of  Louisiana, 
it  Florida,  and, 
ent  received  tin 
C  act  authori/iiis; 
to  use  force  in 
1  of  West  Florida 
.  to  the  Territory 


cedinj;  the  Floi 


ill  propovty  iiiul  ><" 
the  I'ustwiud  of  tht 
the  iidjiicout  islaiid- 

dary  between  ili^ 
tliwest,  as  follows 

iasissippi,  nliall  b'  i;:: 
,  the  Hea,  continui;. 
iiildeKreo  ofliititml 
likes  the  Uio  Kos". 
io  Roxo  to  the  dt-uu 
in{?toii;  thou  tnossin;, 
the  Kiver  ArkaiiH;i- 
itiHas,  to  its  source  ii 
o  the  South  Sea,  tl 
1,  puhlish<-(l  at  Tliil 
net!  of  the  Arkaiis> 
he  liiKi  shall  run  tV. 
icets  the  said  itaiai',' 
Sea,  all  the  islau'ls 
t  the  course  thus  (it 
iters,  au<l  the  iia\  ii: 
Arkansas  througln" 
11  l»e  comuioii  to  i- 


lepublic  of  Tcn;i, 
The  area  will' 
s.  as  defined  by  tii 


west  alou«  the  (inlt 
lie,  thence  up  the  I'l  i 
he  forty-second  dl•-^| 
iu  the  treaty  bet  wo 


KIKsr  MKXU.t>  TKSSION. 

In  1818  a  further  addition  was  nuule  to  our  territory  by  the  treaty  of 
luadalupe-Hidalgo.  This  added  to  the  country  the  area  of  CaUfornia, 
rcvada,  Utah,  and  parts  of  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  wliih' 
le  (radsden  purchase,  which  was  eilected  in  1853,  added  the  remainder 

Arizona  and  another  part  of  New  Mexico. 

Tiie  treaty  of  (ruadalnpe-IIidalfjo  was  concludeil  February  2,  1848, 

id  prochiimed  July  4,  1848.    The  clauses  iu  it  defininj,'  our  accpiisition 

territory  are  as  follows: 

[Arti«i-e  V.  The  boundary  line  between  the  two  Republics  shall  coniiuence  in  the 

ilf  of  MexiiM),  three  leagues  from  laud,  opposite  the  iiioiith  of  the  Kio  Grande, 

llierwisc  called  the  Rio  Hravo  del  Norte,  or  opposite  the  mouth  of  its  deepest  branch, 

lit  should  have  luore  thau  one  branch  emptying  into  the  si-a;  from  thence  up  the 

Iddle  of  that  river,  followiiif;  the  deepest  channel  where  it  has  more  than  one,  to  the 

^iut  where  it  strikes  the  southern  boundary  of  Now  Mexico;  thcncie  wostwardly 

ma  the  whole  southern  boundary  of  New  Mexico  (which  runs  north  of  the  town 

iled  I'aso)  to  its  western  termination;  thon<e  northward  along  the  western  line  of 

>w  Mexico  until  it  intersects  the  tirst  branch  of  the  river  (Jihi  (or  if  it  should  not 

Brsect  any  branch  of  that  river,  tlien  to  the  point  on  the  said  line  nearest  to  such 

inch,  and  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  same) ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  said 

|inch  and  of  the  said  river  until  itempties  intothe  RioColoratlo;  thence  acToss  the 

•  ( "olorado,  following  the  division  line  between  Upper  and  Lower  California,  to  the 

cilic  ( >cean. 

pile  southern  ami  western  limits  of  Now  Mexico,  mentioned  in  this  article,  are  those 
down  in  the  map  entitled,  "Maji  of  the  I'liited  Mexican  States  as  organized  and 
ined  by  various  acts  of  the  Congress  of  said  K'epnblic,  and  constructeil  according 
the  best  authorities.  Revised  edition.  I'ublished  at  New  York,  in  1847,  by  ,1.  Dis- 
loll;"  of  whicli  map  a  copy  is  added  to  this  treaty,  bearing  the  signatures  and 
lis  of  the  undersigned  plenipotentiaries.  And  in  order  to  iireclude  all  ditliculty  in 
cing  u])on  the  ground  the  limit  separating  Upper  fiom  Lower  California,  it  is 
Bed  that  the  said  limit  shall  (;onsist  of  a  straight  lino  drawn  from  the  middle  of 
Rio  (iila,  where  it  unites  witli  th<!  Colorado,  to  a,  point  on  tlie  coast  of  the  Pacitic 
m,  distant  one  marine  league  due  south  of  the  southernmost  jioint  of  tlie  jiort  of 
Diego,  according  to  the  i)lan  of  said  port  made  in  the  year  17X2,  l)y  Don  Jnan 
litqja,  second  sailing  master  of  the  Spanish  tieet,  and  published  at  Madrid  in  the 
1X02.  in  the  atlas  to  the  voyage  of  the  schooners  Sutil  and  Mexicana;  of  which 
a  copy  is  hereunto  added,  signed,  and  sealed  by  the  respective  plenipotentiaries. 

[uch  difliculty  followed  in  the  interpretation  of  this  treaty.    A  Joint 

imission  of  the  two  Governments  was  formed,  consisting  of  a  com- 

iioner  and  a  chief  surveyor  from  each.    They  were  instructed  that 

decision  upon  the  interpretation  of  the  treaty  must  be  agreed  to 
^nimously.    The  most  important  «|uestion  coming  before  the  commis- 

for  decision  concerned  the  location  and  extent  of  the  south  bouud- 
|of  New  Mexico.     Here,  unfortunately,  theDisturnell  map  left  room 

)road  ditterence  in  opinion.  The  town  called  Paso  is  incorrectly 
ked  upon  the  map  to  the  extent  of  nearly  half  a  degree  of  latitude, 
[n  other  words,  the  parallels  of  latitude  are  misplaced  to  this  extent, 

lat  if  the  position  of  the  south  boundary  of  New  Mexico  be  accepted 
reference  to  the  nearest  parallel  of  iatitude,  it  is  half  a  degree 

ler  north  than  it  would  be  if  its  pos'tion  were  measured  from  the 
of  Paso. 


26 


BOUNDARIES    OK    TTIK    UNITED   STATES. 


[BI'M..  1TI 


111  the  absence  of  the  chief  surveyor  the  othrr  tlin'e  iiieinbeis  of  tlic 
couiiiiisHion,  includinjjf  Mr.  J.  R.  IJartlett,  United  States  conunissionci. 
agreed  to  accept  the  position  of  the  south  boundary  of  New  ^lexiro  as 
sliown  by  the  projection  lines  of  the  map;  to  run  a  line  in  this  latitndi 
•i  (lejjrees  west  from  the  Rio  Grande,  and  from  the  end  of  this  line  tc 
run  north  until  a  branch  of  Gila  River  was  intersected.  Jn  accordaiut 
with  this  decision  a  durable  monument  was  erected  on  the  bank  of  tin 
Uio  (rrande,  in  latitude  3li^  22',  and  the  line  was  run  a  degree  and  a  hall 
to  the  westward.  At  this  time  the  chief  surveyor  arrived,  learned  wliat 
had  been  done,  and  made  a  vigorous  protest  against  this  interpretation 
of  the  map.  This  protest,  bac^ked  by  Major  Emory,  the  chief  astroiid 
mer,  caused  a  sudden  stoppage  of  the  work  of  running  the  line  and  IIk 
repudiation  of  the  agreement  by  the  United  States  Government.  Xej^d 
tiations  followed,  but  no  agreement  was  reached  until  in  1853  the  whok 
matter  was  taken  out  of  court  by  the  Gadsden  purchase. 


IJADSDIO    Pim  MASK. 

Subsequently,  on  December  30,  IHii'S,  a  secon<l  purchase  w.as  made  «: 
Mexico,  consisting  of  the  strip  of  land  lying  south  of  the  Gila  River 
in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  The  boundaries  as  established  by  tlii« 
known  as  the  Gadsden  purchase,  were  as  follows: 

Aktiole  I.  The  Mexican  R«'publi«!  agrees  to  <h'sif;iitite  the  t'ollowingiiH  Iut  ini' 
liiuitH  with  the  Uuited  StuteH  for  the  future:  HetaininK  the  Hiuiie  dividing  liii<'  l» 
tweeii  the  two  CaliforuiiiH  as  aheady  lielinod  aud  eHtaldished,  a<(^ording  to  the  liii 
article  of  the  treaty  of  Guadahipu-I  lidalgo,  the  liniitH  l)etweeu  the  two  ItepuhlicH  slmi 
be  aH  follows:  Hcginuing  in  thedulf  of  Mexi(-o,  three  leagues  from  land,  o|ipo.site  ili 
mouth  of  the  Rio  (trando,  as  provided  in  the  fifth  article  of  tlie  treaty  of  (Juadalnpf 
Hidalgo;  tlience,  an  defined  in  the  said  artieh;,  up  Jhemiddleof  that  river  to  the)iiiir; 
where  the  parallel  of  31"^  47'  north  latitude  crosses  the  same;  thence  due  west  dii' 
hundred  uiileN ;  thence  south  to  the  parallel  of  31  20'  north  latitude ;  thene<^  alon<^'  tl 
said  parallel  t>f  31  20'  to  the  one  hundred  aud  eleventh  nu;ri«lian  of  longitude  \v<- 
of  Greenwich;  thence  in  a  straight  lino  to  a  ])oint  on  the  ('olorado  River  twciit 
English  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Gila  and  C(dorado  rivers;  thence  nji  tl 
middle  of  the  said  river  Colorado  until  it  intersects  the  present  line  between  t: 
United  States  and  Mexico. 

In  the  year  following  a  coramisBion  was  appointetl  for  surveying  an 
marking  this  line,  under  the  United  States  commissioner,  MaJ.  W.  I 
Emory.  Tlie  line  was  run  and  marked  in  the  year  1855,  and  the  rv\»'' 
was  transmitted  in  the  following  year. 

As  settlement  increased  in  the  territory  which  this  line  traverses  li 
fact  was  developed  that  the  line  was  insufticiently  marked.  Some 
the  monuments  had  disai)peared  and  in  many  places  there  were  grt 
extentsof  country  in  which  no  monuments  had  ever  been  placed,  so  tli 
the  necessity  became  apparent  for  rerunning  and  marking  of  the  lii 
For  this  purpose  a  commission  was  created  in  181>1,  the  Uuited  Stat 
members  of  which  were  Col.  J.  W.  Barlow  and  Capt.  1).  I).  Gailliir 
Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mr.  A.  T.  Mosmaii  of  the  Uiiitr 
States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.    Under  this  commission  the  li: 


I 
I 

■A 


i 


JANNKTT.] 


fJADHDKN    ITHCHASK ALAHKA. 


27 


3  meiubtns  of  tlic 
es  (iomiiiissioiur. 
if  New  Mexico  ;\» 
le  in  this  latitude 
lul  of  this  line  td 
(1.    In  accordaiict 
u  the  bank  of  tin 
I  degree  and  a  hall 
ived,  learned  wliat 
this  interpretation 
the  chief  astrou*. 
ig  the  line  and  the 
Dverninent.    Ne<:() 
1  iu  185:i  the  wholt 
hase. 


I'chase  was  made  (it 

of  the  (lila  Kivci 

jstablished  by  this 

,0  foUowiiig  iiH  horirii. 
Siuiie  dividing  liix'  '■' 
I,  according  to  tin'  lin 
tin'tw<)l{«l>"'»li<"»''l'" 
fr.iiii  land,  oppoHiloili 
he  treaty  of  (iiiadalnpf 
iftluitriver  to  theiii.ii) 
,e;  thoncediie  westdii 
tittide;  thence  aloiijjil) 
■idian  of  longituile  \v.> 
Colorado  Kiver  twciir 
,  riveiH;  thence  up  tb 
reseut  lino  between  tl 

id  for  surveying  ;ii> 
issioner,  Maj.  >N  ■ ' 
1855,  and  the  rt'iM 

lis  line  traversts  ti 
y  marked.     Somt' 
ces  there  were  tin 
been  placed,  so  tli 
marking  of  the  lii 
II,  the  United  Stat 
Uapt.  1).  1).  Gaillar 
)8man  of  the  Unit' 
oommisaion  the  li^ 


ras  recovered  from  the  original  monuments  as  far  as  jmssible,  and 
jetween  these  iiioiniriients  was  rerun  an«l  fully  and  «lurably  marked. 
The  report,  witli  maps,  proliles,  and  illustrations  of  the  mouumeuts,  was 
published  in  1899. 

ALASKA    IMIMHAHK. 

Alaska  was  purchased  from  Russia,  the  treaty  of  purchase  having 
X'cn  signed  on  March  .{0,  18<>7,  and  proclaimed  June  20,  1867.     The 
oundaries  of  the  territory  are  described  in  the  accompanying  quota- 
|;ion  from  the  treaty: 

Commencing  from  tlie  BonthitrnnioHt  point  of  the  island  callecl  I'rince  of  Wales 

sland.  which  point  lieH  in  tlio  parallel  of  51     10"  north  latitude,  and  between  the 

kiie  hundred  and  tiiirty-lirst  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-  M.  '.rd  degree  of  west  longi- 

kade  (mcri<lian  of  (Jreenwich),  the  said  line  shall  ascetii'  lo  the  north  along  the 

Ihannel  (ailed  I'ortlaiid  Channel  as  far  mh  the  point  of  the  continent  where  it  strikes 

le  lifty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude;  fioni  this  last-mentioned  point  the  line  of 

leniarkation  shall  follow  the  summit  oftlie  mountains  situateil  parallel  to  the  coas' 

tar  as  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  (me  hundred  and  foi-ty-first  degree  of  west 

bngitude  (of  the  same  meridian);  and,  finally,  from  the  said  point  of  intersection 

ill'  said  meridian  line  of  the  one  hundred  and  forty-first  ilegree  in  its  pridongation 

far  as  the  Frozen  <  >coan. 
|I\  .  With  reference  to  the  line  of  demarkation  laid  down  in  the  jireceding  article 
lis  understood — 

list.  That  the  island  called  Prince  of  Wahs  Island  shall  belong  wholly  to  Kussia 
low,  hy  this  cession,  to  the  United  States). 

|2il.  That  whenever  the  summit  of  the  mountains  which  extend  in  a  direction  ])ar- 
lei  to  the  coast  from  the  fifty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the  i)oint  of  inter- 
ctioii  of  the  one  hundred  and  forty-first  degree  of  w<'8t  longitude  shall  prove  to  be 
i  the  distance  of  more  than  ten  marine  leagues  from  the  ocean,  the  limit  between 
^e  Hritish  possessions  and  the  line  of  coast  which  is  to  belong  to  Kussia,  as  above 
Bntioned  (that  is  to  say,  the  limit  to  the  possessions  ceded  by  this  convention), 
lalt  he  formed  by  a  line  jiarallel  to  the  winding  of  the  coast,  and  which  shall  never 
^cecd  the  distance  of  ten  marine  leagues  therefrom. 
riie  western  lin,it  within  which  the  territories  and  dominicm  conveyed  are  con- 
ined  passes  through  a  point  in  Kehring's  Straits  on  the  parallel  of  65  '  30'  north 
titude  at  its  intersection  by  the  meridian  which  passes  midway  between  the 
lands  of  Kriisenstern  or  Ignalook  and  the  island  of  Ratmanofl'  or  Noonerbook, 
|d  proceeds  due  north  without  limitaiiou  into  the  same  Frozen  Ocean. 
The  same  western  limit,  beginning  at  the  same  initial  point,  proceeds  thence  in 
bourse  nearly  southwest  through  Behrinj;'s  Straits  and  Hehring's  Sea,  so  as  to  pass 
Iway  between  the  northwest  point  of  the  island  of  Saint  Lawrence  and  the  south- 
bt  point  of  CapoChoukotski  to  the  moritlian  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  west 
|gitude;  thence  from  the  intersection  of  that  meridian  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
1,  so  as  to  pass  midway  between  the  island  of  Attore  and  the  Copper  Island  of 
Kormandorski  couplet  «)r  group,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  to  the  meridian  of 
I  hundred  and  ninety -three  degrees  west  longitudes,  so  as  to  include  in  the  terri- 
conveyed  the  whole  of  the  Aleutian  Islands  west  of  that  meridian. 

Pile  (ionsideration  paid  for  Alaska  was  $7,200,(KK)  in  gold. 

Dhere  is  no  possibility  of  a  misinterpretation  of  the  language  of  the 

)ve  treaty  concerning  the  portion  of  the  boundary  running  along  the 

hundred  and  forty-first  meridian  from  the  shores  of  the  Arctic 

m  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  coast  near  Mount  St.  Elias,  and  in 


28 


BOUNDAKIES    OB'   THE    UNITKD   STATES. 


[BUtL.  i:; 


i(Mrent  years  jioiiits  upon  this  boundary,  notably  at  the  crossing  of  tin 
Yukon,  liHV<i  bcrn  ostabliahed  by  the  United  States  and  Canadiuu  kiii 
vuytu's  by  astronomic  means  and  marked. 

Coneerniuf,'  the  rcinainiii};  portion  of  the  boundary,  liowever,  fron 
the  neif^hb<>rhood  of  Mount  St.  Elias  southeastward  to  the  mouth  n 
I'orthmd  Canal,  <|uestion  has  been  raised  in  recent  years  by  Oana<ii;i 
authorities. 

It  has  long  been  known  thsit  the  coast  of  this  part  of  Alaskn  i 
extremely  broken,  containing  many  tiords  extending  far  inland,  :iii 
that  no  continuoUiH  range  of  mountains  parallels  the  coast.    It  was  to: 
many  years  tacitly  admitted  by  both  sides  that  the  second  alternati\ 
of  the  treaty,  that  the  boundary  should  follow  a  line  10  marine  hnij,Mie 
distant  from  the  (!oast  and  following  its  windings,  should  be  the  on 
tinally  adopted  when  the  question  of  marking  the  boundary  arose 
This  position  was  taken  by  the  I'nited  States  and  consistently  foUowh 
from  the  time  of  the  accpiisitiou  of  the  territory  to  the  present.    A 
mai)S,  United  States  and  Canadian,  agreed  on  it.     Many  acts  of  sd 
ereignty  were  perforuied  by  the  Tnited  States  within  this  territory,: 
i|uestion  being  raised  by  the  Canadian  autlunities,  and  the  claim  ol  tl 
United  States  to  a  strij)  of  territory  10  marine  leagues  in  width  fidi 
the  main  coast  was  universally  a<lmitted  by  the  Canadian  authoritii 
The  discovery  of  gold  in  the  basin  of  the  Yukon,  in  Canada,  and  ti 
fact  that  the  oidy  feasible  means  of  access  to  this  region  lay  thnm; 
U'nited  States  territory,  unide   it  extremely  desirable  for  Cana<l;i 
possess  a  port  or  ports  on  this  coast  as  the  starting  points  of  rout 
lo  the  Yuk(m  mines,  and  it  was  only  when  this  necessity  appeared  tli 
any  ciuestion  arose  concerning  tiie  interpretation  of  the  deflniti<iii 
limits  in  the  treaty. 

The  claim  made  by  the  Hritish  (irovernment,  before  a  joint  coniiii 
sion  on  the  boundary,  on  behalf  of  Canada,  in  August,  l.S!)8,  was  tli 
this  portion  of  the  boundary,  instead  of  i)a8siug  up  Portland  Vwm 
should  pass  up  Pearse  Canal,  connecting  with  Portland  Catial,  up  wh 
it  follows  to  the  summit  of  the  mountains  nearest  to  the  coast,  and  tl 
slionhl  follow  them,  regardless  of  the  fact  that  they  do  not  form  ii  i 
tinuous  range,  crossing  all  the  inlets  of  the  sea  up  to  Mount  St.  l.li 
This,  of  course,  was  refused  by  the  United  States  commissioners, 
proposition  made  by  the  liritish  commissioners  to  refer  the  matti  i 
arbitration  was  also  refused  by  the  United  States  (K)mmissionei  >. 
the  ground  that  there  was  nothing  to  arbitrate,  since  the  territory 
(juestioM  was  in  the  possession  of  the  United  St.ates,  and  had  been 
many  years  without  dispute,  such  possession  being  in  full  accord  v 
the  terms  of  the  treaty.    The  commission  was  then  dissolved,  the  > 
oiitcouje  being  an  agreement  that  the  summits  of  VVhite  and  Chilk 
passes  and  a  point  upon  the  Chilkat,  above  Pyramid  Uarbor,  were  i' 
l»orarily  adopted  as  points  upon  the  boundary. 


iif; 


8. 


[BUM..  IT 


IkKNETT.] 


HAWAII — I'OHTO    KUO — GUAM PUILllMMNKS. 


99 


le  (srossing  of  tW 
ml  Oatiadiuu  sur 

y,  howevt^r,  fron 

Ui  the  moutli  « 

ears  by  Oana<li;i 

>art  of  Alask;!  i 
g  far  inlaiul,  :iii 
coast.  It  was  fi 
second  alternati\ 

10  marine  leaj^ut 
should  be  tlu'  on 
J  bonndary  arose 
nsistently  followi^ 
)  the  present.    A 

Many  acts  of  «•> 
n  this  territory, : 
,ud  the  claim  oltl 
.gues  in  width  inn 
uiadiaii  authoritit 
in  Canada,  and  ti 

region  lay  throu; 
iiblt^  for  Oanadii  < 
ng  points  of  rout- 
issity  appeared  tlh 

of  the  dettuitiiMi 

ore  a  joint  coiniu 
gust,  1H98,  was  til 
np  Tortland  Ciin. 
and  Camil,  up  wlr 
o  the  coast,  and  tli 
y  do  not  form  a  n 
"to  Mount  St.  i:ii 
commissioners. 
)  refer  the  mattti 
s  commissioners, 
ince  the  territory 
,es,  and  had  beiii 
g  in  full  accord  v 
i\  dissolved,  th«'  •' 
White  and  Chilli 
id  Uarbor,  wen'  i' 


iiAWAiio  isi,a:\dn. 

The  l{e|>nl)lic  of  Hawaii,  comprising  «>i<;iit  islands  in  the  l'a(;ilic,  vol- 
[ntarily Joined  tiie  I'liited  States  in  1S1>S. 

POKTO  Kiro,  U\  \n.  AM>  l'llll,ll>l'l>K  ISI.AMIS. 

Tin'  hitest  accession  of  territory  made  by  the  United  States  were  the 
lands  taken  from  Spain  following  tin*  war  of  18!).S.  These  were  relin- 
lislicd  to  the  Hnited  States  by  the  treaty  of  peace  of  December  W, 
^{•8.    Tlu\v  wen;  as  follows: 

[Cuba,  .sovereignty  over  which  was  icliiwinishod  by  Spain  and  assumed 
the  I'nited  States.     With  Cuba  was  included  the  Isle  of  Pines  and 
\v  islets  .s<!attt?red  around  tlm  ('uban  «;oast. 

iTorto  Kii'o  and  other  Spanish  West  India  islands  which  were  ceded 
the  United  States. 

riie  island  of  (iuam.  in  the  Ladrones. 

'he  l'hilii)pine  Islands,  which  comprise  all  the  islands  lying  within 
following  line,  as  detined  in  the  words  of  the  treaty: 

liiH!  rmniiiii;  from  west  to  oust  alon^  or  iioar  tli<*  tw<^ntietli  ))arallel  of  iiorlli 
ptndc,  iiiiil  tliroiigli  tlio  iiiiihUt;  of  the  iiavi}<;altlo  (^haiinul  of  Hachi,  from  Miu  ono 
mind  and  t)ijjlit«eiilh  (llHth)  to  tlio  oiio   liiiiidnul  aiul  iweiity-xovoiitli  (127tli) 
n  t'  iiK  ritliaii  ol'  liiii^itiidu  cast  ol' (ircrnwich  :  tliciicc  aloii<.;  tho  oiio  hiuidred  and 
^iif  \  scvciitli  (I'JTtli)  (Icj^rco  iiioritiiiin  of  loii^itndu  i-ant  of  Ciieoiiwitdi  to  the  par- 
pi  of  four  df>?rees  and  forty-fivo  iniiinti-H  (4    45)  nortli  latitude;  tluMice  along  the 
illcl  of  four  di'jfrtM's  and  forty-lho  minutes  (4'    l."i')  iioitli  Iatitud«^  to  its  iiitcrHcc- 
with  tliu  meridian  of  longitude  one  liundrod  and  uintdeou  degn-t^s  and  thirty- 
mi  iiuteH  (IIJH  35)  <'aHt  of  (Jreenwich;  tlicnce  .ilong  the  meridian  of  lougitude 
ilmiidred  ami  ninett'in  degriH^H  and  thirty  live  miinitoK  (  Hit    H.")  )  east  of  fJreou- 
kli  to  the  i>ar:dlt'l  of   latitude  Hin'en    de;;rees  iind  forty  uunutcH  (7    40)  nortli; 
Kc  along  till-  parallel  of  latitude  seven  degrees  and  forty  minutes  (7'^  40)  north 
|tH  intersection  with  the  one  hundred   and  Kixteenth  (1  Kith)  degree  meridian  of 
ptude  east  of  (Jreenwich;  thence  by  adiieet  line  to  the  interstiction  of  the  tentii 
^li  <  de<;ree  ])arallel  of  north  latitude  with  the  ouebinidred  and  eighteenth  (118th) 
ni  meridian  of  longitude  east  of  (ireeiiwich  ;  atid  thence  along  the  one  hundred 
eighteenth  (118th)  degree  meridian  of  longitiule  east  of  Greenwich  to  the  point 
Bginning. 

|or  the  Philippines  the  sum  of  $2(),()()0,000  was  paid  by  the  United 
Ites  to  Spain. 


atMiV 


CHAPTER   II. 

THE    PITBT.IC    DOMAIN    AND    AN    OUTLINE   OF    THE    III> 
TORY  OF  CHANGES  MADK  TUEIIEIN. 

CESSIONS   BY    THE    STATES. 


dc 


At  the  time  the  Constitntion  wan  adopteU  by  the  original  thirtev 
Statc8,  many  of  them  possesseil  nnoiHiiipied  territory,  in  some  cases  ei 
tirely  detached  and  lying  west  of  the  A)>i)ahicliian  MonntainH.  Thii 
Georgia  inclnded  the  territory  from  its  present  eastern  limits  westwar 
to  the  Mississippi  River.  North  Carolina  possessed  a  narrow  strip  e; 
tending  from  latitude  350  t()  'MP  [W,  approximately,  and  running  \\v> 
ward  to  the  Mississippi,  including  besides  its  own  present  area  that  _J 
the  present  state  of  Tennessee.  In  like  roanncr,yirginia  possessed  wli  JS! 
is  now  Kentucky,  while  a  number  of  States,  as  Pennsylvania,  New  Yoi  ^ 
Massachusetts,  and  Coiinecti(mt,  laid  claim  to  areas  in  what  was  atti  rati 
ward  known  as  the  Territory  Northwest  of  the  River  Ohio,  a  region  win  tb» 
is  now  comprised  mainly  in  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Mid  '^ 
gan,  and  Wisconsin.  These  claims  were  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  ci  JJ?"| 
flitting.  In  some  cases  several  States  claimed  authority  over  the  surof  j 
area,  while  the  boundary  lines  were  in  most  cases  very  ill-detined.      tli« 

The  ownership  of  these  western  lands  by  individual  States  was  ^  thi 
posed  by  those  States  which  did  not  share  in  their  iK)Sscssioii,  maiiV^ 
on  the  ground  that  the  resources  of  the  General  Government,  to  w 
all  contributed,  should  not  be  taxed  for  the  protection  and  developini  Yw 
of  this  region,  while  its  advantages  would  inure  to  the  benefit  of  bii  tl 
favored  few.  On  this  ground  several  of  the  States  refused  to  ratify  t 
Constitution  until  this  matter  had  been  settled  by  the  cession  of  tlif 
tracts  to  the  General  Government. 

Moved  by  these  arguments,  as  well  as  by  the  consideration  of  : 
conflicting  character  of  the  claims,  which  must  inevitably  lead  to  trounr 
among  the  States,  Congress  passed,  on  October  30,  1779,  the  followi 
act: 

Whereas  the  approprintinn  of  thn  vacant  lands  by  the  several  States  during 
present  war  will,  in  the  opinion  of  Congress,  be  attended  with  great  niJHchinfs :  Tl/iV"! 
fore, 

Re9olved,  That  it  bo  earnestly  recommended  to  the  State  of  Virginia  to  rcci>ii<y|| 
their  late  act  of  assembly  for  opening  their  land  office;  and  that  it  be  recomnuT    ;i;[ 
to  the  said  State,  and  nil  other  States  similarly  circnmstanced,  to  forbear  scttlin: 
issaing  warrants  for  nnappropriate<1  lands,  or  granting  the  same  dnring  the  ('<iD*lt. j 
nance  of  the  piesent  war. 
80 


jH 


INNKTT. 


CESSIONS    HY    STATKS. 


81 


E   OF   THE 
lElN. 


ll!    t» 


le  original  tbirtw 
y,  in  some  cases  ei 

MountainH.  Tim 
ern  limits  westwar 
A  a  narrow  striit  m 
7,  and  rniniinK  we* 
present  area  that 
ginia  possessed  wli 
isylvania,  New  Yor 
IS  in  what  was  ntti 

Ohio,  a  region  wli 
iiana,  Illinois,  Miil 
iT  or  less  extent  ci 
hority  over  the  sar 
eery  ill -defined, 
idual  States  was  . 
ir  iK)8se88ion,  iniin 

overntnont,  to  whi 

ion  and  devclopine 
[>  the  benefit  of  b" 
refused  to  ratify  t 
the  cession  of  tlie' 

consideration  of 
;ital)ly  lead  to  trouj 
[),  1779,  the  follow^ 

Boveral  States  dnriun 
th  great  inischiofs :  H 

of  Virginia  to  rocon'ij 
1(1  that  it  1)6  recomiuet 
iced,  to  forbear  scttliK^ 

0  Hame  dnring  the  cniT 


This  resolution  was  transmitted  to  the  dilU'H'iii  Siuie-*.    Th«i  llrst  lo 
iBN|>oiid  to  it  l)y  the  transfer  of  her  territory  t«»  the  (leiu'nil  Governinent 
#as  New  Yorii,  whose  example  was  followed  by  the  other  States. 
«  These  cessions  were  made  on  the  datcM  given  below  : 
MNew  York,  March  1,  I7H1. 
Virginia,  March  1,  1784. 
MassachusettH,  April  ID,  1785 
lll>      ^'onnccticut,  September  13,  1780. 

\ni  Connecticut  act  of  cession  reserved  an  area  in  the  northeastern 
,r(  of  ()lii«»,  known  as  the  Western  lieserve.     On  May  3b,  1800,  Con- 
oicticut  gave  to  the  United  Statrs Jurisdiction  over  this  area,  but  with- 
t  giving  up  its  property  rights  in  it. 
outh  Carolimi,  August  9,  1787. 
orth  Carolina,  F«'bruary  L'5,  1790. 
eorgia,  April  24,  1802. 
he  following   paragraph  from    the  deed  of  (jession  by  Now  York 


hies  the  limits  of  its  cession  to  the  (ieneral  Government: 

ow,  tln'H'f"V«<,  know  ye,  that  we,  the  Haid  Junit'H  Dunne,  William  Kloid,  and  Alux- 

|or  M'DiiiiKal),  l>y  virtue  of  the  power  and  iiiithority,  and  in  tlie  execution  of  the 

n'poHtid  in  us,  att  aforeHaid,  have  judged  it  expedient  to  limit  and  reHtri<;t,  and 

Vh>.  Iiy  thet«e  preHentN,  tor  and  in  behalf  of  the  Haid  State  of  New  York,  limit  and 

ii  t  tlie  boiindarieN  of  tlit«  Haid  8tate  in  the  western  partH  thereof,  with  ruHpei  t  to 

jin  i^4di('tion,  im  well  uh  the  right  or  pre-emption  of  Hoil,  by  the  lines  and  in  the 

lollowin^,  that  Ih  to  Hay  :  a  line  from  th<>  northoaHt  corner  of  the  State  nf  I'enn- 

uin,  along  the  north  boumlH  thereof  to  itH  northweut  corner,  continued  due  went 

J  it  .shall  be  interuectud  by  a  meridian  line  to  be  drawn  from  the  forty-tiflh  degree 

lOrlh  latitude,  through  the  most  weHlerly  bent  or  inclination  of  Lake  Ontario; 

iCe  Wythe  Haid  meridian   line  to  the  forty-tifth  degree  of  north  latitude;  and 

le  by  the  Haid  forty-fifth  degree  of  north  latitude;  but  if,  on  experiment,  the 

e-desoribed  meridian  line  shall  not  comprehend  twenty  uiili'H«lue  west  from  the 

westerly  bent  or  iuclination  of  the  river  or  strait  of  Niagara,  I  hen  we  do,  by 

presents,  in  the  name  of  the  people,  and  for  and  on  behalf  of  the  State  of  New 

,  iind  by  virtue  of  the  authority  aforesaid,  limit  and  restrict  the  boundaricH  of 

ill  State  in  the  western  parts  thereof,  with  respect  to  jnsistliction,  as  well  as  the 

of  pre-emption  of  soil,  by  thi<  linos  and  in  the  manner  following,  that  is  to  say : 

from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  Statu  of  Pennsylvania,  along  the  north  bounds 

f,  to  its  northwest  corner,  continued  due  west  until  it  Hhall  l>e  intersected  by  a 

ian  line,  to  be  drawn  from  the  forty  fifth  tlegree  of  north  latitude,  through  a 

twenty  miles  due  west  from  fhe  most  westerly  bent  or  inclination  of  the  river 

it  Niagara;  thence  by  the  said  meridian  line  to  the  forty-tifth  degree  of  north 

e,  and  thence  by  the  said  forty-tifth  degree  of  north  latitude. 

^e  <leed  of  cession  by  Virginia  gives  no  limits,  further  than  to  si)ecify 
,  the  lands  transferred  include  only  those  lying  northwest  of  the 

1  )hio. 
following  paragraph  from  the  deed  of  cession  by  Massachusetts 

the  limits  of  the  area  ceded : 

We  do  by  these  presents  assign,  transfer,  quitclaim,  cede,  and  convey  to 

fnitod  States  of  America,  for  their  benefit,  MasMohasetta  inclusive,  all  right, 

iid  estate  of  and  in,  as  well  the  soil  as  the  JoriadiotioD,  which  the  said  Com- 

Bidl.  171 3 


Bol'NI».\RIKS    OK    THK    I'NITKD    -TATKS. 


HI" 


mnnwcMltli  liatli  to  tli<«  (I'lTitorv  <>r  trHit  nl'  inniitry  wiMiin  tlw  limits  of  MaMH.i.  i 
HettM  cliiirttT  HJIiiaU^  hihI  lyiii^  wcHt  of  tli»  rollowin^  IIki!,  timt  in  to  Hity,  »  nu-iil 
lino  to  Im<  tliuwti  froin  tho  forty -tlt'tli  il«'Kr<MMtf  north  latitiulr  tliroiiKJi  tin;  wimi 
IxMit  or  ini'linutioii  of  Lukv  Ontario,  llirntt^  by  tlii>  Haiti  niiriilian  line  to  the  tn 
BontliiTly  niili!  lino  of  tlii^  territory  itoiitainiMl  in  the  MaNHailinwiltH  >'liart<>r;  lur 
on  i-x|M'riin(iit  tlio  uhove-tloMrilx-il  nioriihan  lint*  Hliall  not  i'oni|ir«>h«^nf'  twenty  m: 
tluc  woNt  from  tho  numt  wcHterly  Went  or  inelinalion  of  the  river  or  Htntil  of  Niii::i 
then  we  ilo  liy  tlieMe  (treHentH,  by  virtne  of  tlm  power  anil  authority  aforeHaiil,  m  < 
name  anil  on  liehaif  of  thi^Haiil  ('oniinonwealth  of  MaHMaehiiNeltH,  traiiNfer,  i|iiilii.ii 
vuile,  and  i-onvey  to  the  Unitoil  Htaten  of  Ainvrica,  for  their  lieiietlt,  MaHHailniM 
ineliiNive,  all  riKht.  title,  anil  i-Htate  of  anil  in  jh  well  the  soil  >\h  the  JiiriHilii  n 
which  the  Huiil  (Joninioii wealth  liath  to  the  territory  or  traet  of  eoiintry  within  t 
liniitHof  the  MaNHaehiim^ttH  eharter,  mtiiate  anil  lyiiiK  went  of  the  following  line,  tl 
JH  to  Hay,  a  iiieriilian  line  lo  he  ilruwn  from  the  forty-lifth  ile^rree  of  north  hit iii 
through  a  point  twenty  inileH  iliie  weNt  from  the  iiiohI  weNterly  lieiit  or  inelination 
the  river  or  nlruit  of  Niagara;  thence  hy  the  naiil  iiieriiliaii  line  to  the  laovt  Hontlx 
aiile  line  of  the  territory  contttinnil  in  the  MaHHaehiiHettH  charter  afoiesaid. 


n 
n 

m 
al 
or 
til 

iM 


1 
Tm 
wk 

nu 


Tho  following  clause  from  the  act  of  the   h>;;iNhitiirc  of  Coiiiie<'tiri  ^i^jj 


torn 

jMl 


•m 

< 

oft 

m 

"I 


authorizing  the  ccMtiioii,  defliicH  itH  liiiiitH: 

He  il  enacted    •     •     •     'i  kittt  the  ilelegateH  of  tluH  State,  or  any  two  of  them,  « 
shall  he  atteniling  the  CougresHof  the  IJniteil  Rtaten,  be,  anil  they  are  herebv ,  'linot 
anthori/.eil,  anil  fully  einpowereil,  in  the  name  anil  behalf  of  thiH  Htate,  t'U  inal^i'. 
cciite,  anil  deliver,  iiniler  their  bandH  and  himiIn,  an  ample  deed  of  releitHe  and  ci-k^ 
of  all  the  right,  title,  interest,  jiiriHiliction,  and  claim  of  the  State  of  Connecti<  ui 
certain  wcHterii  landij,  beginning  at  the  com]detion  of  the  forty-flrHt  degree  of  im 
latitude,  one  hundred  and  twenty  inileN  went   of  the  weNtern  binindary  line  o." 
Commonwealth  of  PeniiNylvania,  iw  now  claimed  by  Haiil  Commonwealth,  and  t; 
tbenun  by  a  line  drawn  north,  par  llel  to  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  wi'>i 
the  said  wcHt  line  of  rennsylvania,  and  to  continue  north  until  it  comes  to  fortv  i 
degreesand  two  miuiiteH  north  latitmle.    Whereby  all  the  right,  title,  inter  -^i.  ii 
diction,  and  claim  of  the  State  of  Connecticut  to  the  lands  lying  west  c''  Mti'l  lui 
be  drawn  as  aforementioned,  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  west  of  the  west'v  n  nm 
ary  line  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  as  now  claimed  by  said  Coinin 
wealth,  shall   be  included,  relea»e<l,  and  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  Congn-u- 
e«*mbled,  for  the  common  nw^  and  benefit  of  the  said  States,  Connecticut  incliisiv-  intc 

The  ceH8ion  of  South  Carolina  was  described  as  follows :  '^^ 

*     •     •     All  the  territory  or  tract  of  country  included  within  the  river  MisKiv^^ 
and  aline  lieginniugat  that  part  of  the  said  river  which  is  inters«>oted  by  thesoiitl  00^ 
hoiindary  line  of  the  State  of  North  Carolinn,  and  continuing  along  the  said  hoiMi< 
line  until  it  intersects  the  ridge  or  chain  of  mountains  which  divides  the  eastern  i 
the  western  waters,  then  to  be  continued  along  the  top  of  said  ridge  of  iiioiiiii> 
until  it  intersects  a  line  to  be  drawn  due  west  from  the  head  of  the  sontbcrn  I 
of  Tugaloo  Kiver  to  the  said  mountains  ;  from  thence  to  run  a  due  west  coursr  t  .. 
river  Mississippi.  - 

The  State  of  North  Carolina  ceded—  *!fl 


The  lands  situated  within  the  chartered  limits  of  the  State,  west  of  a  line  begin 
on  the  extreme  height  of  Stone  Mountain,  at  the  place  where  the  Virginia  lin<  i  ..i^ 


sects  it;  running  thence  along  the  extreme  height  of  tbe  said  mountain  to  th< 


3. 


where  the  Watauga  Ui  ver  breaks  through  it ;  thence  a  direct  course  to  the  top  of  i  in 
low  Mountain  where  Hriglit's  roail  crosses  tbesame  ;  thence  along  the  ridge  of  ili'  "  W 
mountain,  between  the  watern  of  Doe  River  and  the  waters  of  Rock  Creek,  to  I  Ih'  |^ 
where  tbe  road  crosses  the  Iron  Mountain;  from  thence  along  the  extreme  beighi  "'• 

"1 


KS. 


IUKTT.] 


NOKTIIWKST    TKKKITOKY. 


88 


n«  liniilB  of  MiMw<!i'  i 

I    JH    to  HlkV,   II   lllfll'l    . 

throiiKli  III*'  w<^ui 
iliuii  liiH'  to  t\w  Mil. 
iiwillH  'hartiT;  I'mi 
H»n'h«'i»'  tw«Mil.v  nil 
•r  or  Hiruil  of  Niii.-c 
lority  iit'or«>Mui«l,  \"  ' 
tH,  truiiHfor,  <inii'  ii 

iMlM'tU,    MllHtllMllll^' 

til  an  tin-  .|iiriH<li<ii 
III  coiMilr.v  Willi  III  1 
I  In-  lollowiiiK  liiif.  II 
(•HPT  or  north  latiH; 
y  Itfllt  «»r  ill<rlini»tinii 
(■  to  till-  lUOBt  HOUtlli 

t»ir  iifoH'Bftid. 


i 


l|j|d  III ittiiii  to  wli)>r«Nol»*cbii<*ky  River  ninw  through  tbt^wine  ;  tb«nc«ito  the  top  of 

tUl  Utthl  MnoiitMiii ;  ihnnoo  uIoiik  th«<  *<xtrtiiii«  h<>ightorth«  Haiti  muuntttin  to  th«< 
Mnlt'il  Km-k,  oil  FrKiiih  Hroitii  Kivi.<r;  th«<ii«'<«  ulong  th«  highnNt  ridgH  of  tho  Hni<l 
■iniilHiii  lo  th<«  plttco  wh«ro  it  ih  t^alleil  tho  Un^at  Iron  or  iSiiioky  Mountain  ;  th«<nc«« 
•iMig  lii)M<xlr«<iii<*  hi'lghtot'  IhttHaitl  nionntuiii  to  th«4pla<-«<wb<>ro  it  iHcalltMl  tht>  Unicoy 
orUiialMi  Mountain,  lM<lw<M<n  tho  liiiliuii  towiiHorCowreandOld  Chota  ;  thon<-»  iilon^ 
tin  iiKtiii  riilK*'  of  tho  HHid  inoinitaiii  to  th«  HoiithMrn  boundary  of  thin  8tat««. 

i  will  Ik9  uoUhI  that  th»  ubove  dt^Hcriptioii  of  the  t'tiMteni  lN>iiii(l»ry  of 
vviiU'd  posHfMHioiiH  sigreeH  in  K^iienU  tomiH  with  thu  ticHiTiption  ot 
wcsiiM-ii  lN>iiri<liirY  of  Nortl>  Carolina,  an  giviMi  on  pai;o  lUL*. 
h«-  iii'ti<^U's  of  ueHMion  by  (}«M)r^iadeHcribe  the  liriia  ceded  aH  followH: 

liUiilN  nituated  within  tht<  hoiindarinHof  thw  Unit«Ml  Statea,  (Miiith  of  tho  State  of 
Ifi^nt'HHt'*-  and  wfHt  of  a  lint*  IntKinning  on  i  be  weat  hank  of  th«  Cbattabouob«u  River, 
wter«- 1  l.t'Haiiie  c-roHm>H  tlio  boundary  lino  l>«tw««n  tb«<  Ifnit^xl  HtatvH  and  Hpaiu  ;  thenn^ 
nUiiiiiH  lip  the  Haid  river  (Miattahoiichce  and  along  the  wcHteni  bank  thereof  to  the 
gliit  lH>nd  th*Teof,  next  above  the  place  where  a  certain  creek  or  river,  called  lichee 

lire  of  Connei't  iii    (btbiK '  ''^  ^rnt  conHiderable  atreum  on  the  weateni  Hide,  above  the  Cnsaetaa  and  Coweta 

toilliH\  eiiiptieH  into  the  mkid  Chattahouchee  River;  thence  in  a  direct  lino  Ut  Nioka- 

JMk,  oil  the  TenueHHee  Kiver;  thence  crossing  the  laHt-nientioned  river,  and  thence 

any  two  ot  llieni,  «   j^ijij,,^  „p  ^j,,,  ^j,|  XenneHaee  River  and  along  the  wcHtern  bank  thereof  to  the  aoath- 

i..y  are  herein  ,  lir.  n    ^^  |„,„,„iarv  line  of  the  State  of  Tennesaee. 

tluH  State,  to  make. 

d  of  reU'iiMc  and  <••»<- 

State  of  Conmwtii  m 

irty-hrHt  degree  of  ih 

rn  bonntUry  line  "'• 

inMnonwealth,  and  t: 

nd  twenty  miles  w  - 

til  it  comeB  to  fori  \ 

^ht,  title,  inter  --I,  i 
iiig  west  «'?■  sai'l  In. 

3Htof  the  WCHt  >    11  '"" 

med  by  H»id  Conm 
States  in  Congrr 


Qf  t  \\v  area  thiiH  reded  to  the  General  Govennnent,  the  part  lying  north 
of  the  Ohio  waM  afterwanls  erected  into  the  '*  Territory  Northwest  of  the 
Bifei-  Ohio/'  and  the  balance,  lying  south  of  that  river,  was  known  as  the 
'*!|brritory  8outh  of  tho  River  Ohio." 


TKRRITORV    Nf>RTnWKST   »»F   THK    KIVKi;    OHIO. 


1lli> 


territory  wsw  bounded  on  the  wrst  by  the  MiHHiHnippi  and  the 
Connecticut  inclnwN  inUfnatioiial  boundary,  on  the  north  by  the  bountlary  line  betwe«'ii  tho 
'  Hows*  Ulrfited  States  ami  the  P.ritish  Possessions,  on  the  oast  by  tho  Pennsyl- 

MisKiv.  ^*P*  ""*^  ^^^"^^  ^  "'"''  8f'^^®  lines,  ami  on  the  south  by  Ohio  River.     It 
jg^,i,ii  coiM)rised  an  area  of,  approximately,  2(»G,(MM1  sijuare  miles.     It  was 


hin  the  river 

terw'cted  by  the  so 

along  tho  Baidboim 

divides  the  eastei  11 1 

wiitl  ridge  of  nioimi 

of  the  Hontheni  li  q, 

a  due  west  coursf  t'  ||, 


west  of  a  line  be^;ii' 
■  the  Virginia  liii'  ' 
id  mountain  to  tin  i 
jursetothetopof  III 
Jong  the  ridge  ofili' 
Bock  Creek,  toili'  I 
the  extreme  heigh  I  "' 


Ik 

1 
If 


le  tip  of  claims  of  ditl'ereut  States  as  follows: 
]Virginia  uncontested  cKiims,  winch  consisted  of  all  the  territory 
I  of  Pennsylvania  and  north  of  the  Ohio  to  the  forty-lirst  parallel  of 
latitude,  besides  her  claim,  by  capture,  as  far  as  the  northern 
of  the  land  under  the  crown  which  had  been  subject  to  the  juris- 
W  of  the  provinces  of  Queliec  and  to  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron, 
'he  claim  of  Connecticut,  which  extended  from  the  forty-first  par- 
^lorthward  to  the  parallel  of  4L'o  2',  an<l  from  the  west  line  of  Penn 
^nia  to  the  Mississippi  River. 
The  claim  of  Massachusetts,  which  extended  from  the  north  line 
I  Connecticut  claim  above  noted  to  43°  43'  12"  north  latitude,  and 
[the  eastern  boundary  of  New  York  to  the  Mississippi. 


34 


BOrNDARTKS    OF    THK    TmTTKO    STATFS. 


fnn.i,  IT' 


4.  The  belt  or  zone  lying  north  of  the  Massachasetta  claim,  eetend 
ing  theuce  to  the  Oana<la  line  and  west  to  the  MisHisHippi  River,  wiu 
claimed  to  have  been  obtaiiied  by  the  treaty  of  peace  of  Great  Britam 
Septembers,  1783. 

5.  At  the  cesHiou  by  the  state  of  Virginia,  both  MassachusettH  am: 
New  York  claimed  the  Erie  {mrchase  of  about  316  H(|uare  miles,  wliic 
was  subsequently  bought  by  Pennsylvania  and  adde<l  to  that  State. 

From  this  territory  were  formed  the  following  States:  Ohio,  Indian;, 
Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  that  part  of  Minnesota  east  of  the  Mi.ssi.. 
sippi  River,  and  the  northwest  corner  oi'  Pennsylvania. 

In  1787  a  bill  for  its  provisional  division  into  not  less  than  three  in 
more  than  five  States  was  passed  by  Congress.  In  this  bill  the  liiiii: 
of  the  proposed  States  were  ileftned,  corresponding  in  their  north  an 
south  lines  to  the  boundaries  of  Ohio,  Illinois,  and  Indiana,  as  at  pm 
ent  constituted.  The  following  gives  the  text  of  the  clause  detinii. 
these  boun^iaries: 

CONRKUKItATK  CONGKKBti — AN   OKDINANCK  KOK  TIIK  UOVKKNMKNT  OK   THK  TRKKIIOI 
OF  THK   UNITtJ)  8TATK8  NOKTHWKST  OK   THK    IMVEK  OHIO. 


AKTICI.K  T).  Tboro  Hhall  b»  fortnod  in  tiioMaiil  territory  iittt  1«)hh  than  thn  «  iioi  ni< 
than  fiv«)  >Stat*<H;  aiul  tho  hoiindarioH  of  tlio  Stat<*H,  aH  nooii  aH  Vii');iiiia  Hhall  alli  rk 
act  of  c«!8Nioii  and  uonHHiit  t<>  the  uaaio,  nhall  bccouK-  fixi-il  and  ustabliNhcd  aH  folio 
to  wit:  The  wuHtern  8tat4%  in  said  turrltory,  Hhall  bi^  bonndt'd  by  tho  MJHHJHHipii;. 
Ohio,  and  th»»  WabaMh  ltiv«'r ;  a  direct  line  drawn  from  thn  Waba«h  and  Pont  Vitidi 
dne  north,  to  the  torrito'ial  line  betweiMi  the  Unitt-d  Staton  and  (Canada  ;  and  liy' 
Haid  territorial  line  to  the  Lake  of  the  Wondu  atid  MinHinNipiii.     The  iniddl*>  St;. 
shall  be  lMnind«Hl  by  the  said  direct  line,  tho  Wabanh  from  I'ohi  VincentH  to  thi'  01 
by  the  Ohio,  Ity  a  ilirect  line  drawn  dne  north  from  the  mouth  of  the  Oreat  Nfiam 
the  Haid  t«rritorial  line,  and  by  thi«  Haid   terjitorial  line.     The  caNtcrn  State  Hh..<i: 
bounded  by  the  laHt-mentioned  direct  line,  the  Ohio,  PeiinHvlvania,  and  the  saiil  i' 
ritorial  line:  I'rorUied,  howmier,  And  it  is  further  underHtoocl  and  declared,  thai 
boundari<»>  nf  ^he.s<^  thrett  StatoH  Hhall  be  Hubje<:t  so  far  io  he  altered,  that,  if  Con;.'; 
hhall  hereafter  find  it  ex|M>dient,  they  shall  hav•^  a  ithority  to  form  one  or  f  wo  Si;i 
in  that  part  of  the  said  territ<»ry  which  lien  norta  of  iin  east  and  west  liDediM' 
through  the  southerly  bend  or  extreme  of  Lake  >iichigaii. 

Pa8se<l  July  i:»,  17H7. 

The  provisions  of  this  bill  seem,  however,  never  to  l.;\ve  l»een  can: 
out.  A  provisional  governuKat  was  instituted  in  1788.  By  act 
May  7,  1800,  Congress  divided  this  territory  into  tw<»  ti-.ritorial  p 
ernments,  the  t!ivisional  line  being  a  meridiiin  passing  througli  ' 
mouth  of  the  Kentucky  River  and  exttniding  thence  northward  to  ' 
CantMla  border.  Tht'  eastern  portion  became  the  '^Territory  NtutliN" 
of  the  River  Ohio,"  and  the  western  portion,  Indiana  Teni  ory. 

On  November  29,  1802,  the  State  of  Ohio,  comprising  most  ol 
former,  was  formed  and  admitt^id  into  the  Union,  while  the  r*>i'inaii: 
it  was  added  to  Indiana  Territory. 

In  180S,  all  that  portion  of  Indiana  Territory  lying  north  of  a  ptiral 


S 
m 
ol 

w 
ai 

M 

01 

M 

In 
8i| 
ti< 
in 

oo 

M 

no 
Ml 


UOi 


KS 


fnru,  17 


TKKKIToKY    Snl'TH    <>K    RIVKR    OHIO. 


35 


jtta  claim,  eetend 
MHHippi  River,  wii* 
1}  of  Great  Brituin 

VlassacbusettB  am 
,« inure  miles,  wliin 
Ml  to  that  State. 
tes:  Ohio,  Iudiaii,i 
a  eUHt  of  the  Mi.s!si« 
Ilia. 

U'SH  tlian  three  in 
1  this  bill  the  limi; 
T  in  their  north  an 
Indiana,  as  at  |»i(. 
the  clause  detiiiii 


IKNT  OK   rilKTKKHlK'l 
IVBIl  OHIO. 

♦     '  • 

U'.HH  lliun  tlin  ^  nor  iii' 

H  ViiK'"'"  •**'""  "•''■'  ^ 

1(1  ostubliHlu'd  iiH  CdUii 

a  by  ilu'  MiHHiHHipiii. 

iilta«li  and  Host  Vim  n 

tnd  (Jitiiiitlii ;  an<l  !>>' 

ippi.     Tin'  mi«l«ll<'  -"^t 

)Hi  VincontH  to  the  <»l 

Ml  of  I  ho  Great  Wiiim 

H'  t"U.Hl<'rii  State  hIlsI" 

I  van  ill,  and  the  saiil ' 

1  and  declared.  tliiH 

allfred.tbat,  if  'Joii>;: 

1)  form  one  or  iwo  Si,. 

iHt  and  woHt  line  dr  i 


ft  rough  tiie  mo.st  southerly  bend  of  Lake  Michipin  and  eastof  a  meridian 
dirawn  througl',  the  sii:ne  point  became  the  Territory  of  Michigan.  The 
boundary  between  these  territorjes  wjw  subsequently  very  much  changed, 
i|  will  appear  in  the  sequel. 

■*'*By  act  of  February  3,  1809,  Indiana  Territory  was  again  divided,  and 
the  Territory  of  Illinois  was  created  from  the  jjart  lying  west  of  the 
VfabuHh  liiver  and  a  meridian  running  through  the  city  of  Vincenues, 
el^nding  tlience  to  tlie  Canada  line. 

^]n  IHKi  Indiana,  and  in  1818  Illinois,  were  admitted  to  the  Union  as 
Siites,  ea(rh  with  its  boundaries  as  constituted  at  present.  By  the  same 
acK  t  lie  Mississippi  River  was  insuk*  the  western  boundary  of  the  Territory 
of  M  irhigaii,  thus  making  it  include  all  the  balance  of  the  original  North- 
yt^\  Territory  after  the  formation  of  the  three  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
and  Illinois. 

The  act  of  18.'{4  added  to  Michigan  Territory  the  laiul  between  the 
Mifisouri  and  Whit^^  Karth  Riverson  the  west  and  the  Mississippi  River 
Ol^tlie  ciist. 

Wisconsin  Territory  was  foriiKid  in  18^6  from  the  ])ortion  of  Michigan 
Trtritoiy  westol  the  present  State  of  Michigan.  On  January  26,  18.'J7, 
Mi{elii;>an  wiis  iulmitted  into  the  Union,  with  its  present  boun<laries. 
Il^  IS'W  nil  that  portion  of  Wisconsin  Territory  lying  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  a  liia^  drawn  due  north  from  its  source  to  the  interna- 
tkiiial  boundary  (that  is,  all  that  part  which  was  originally  comprised 
iiipie  Louisiana  purchase)  was  made  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  and  in  1848 
WlBconsin  was  admitted  as  a  St>iite,  with  its  boundaries  as  at  present 
oa|8titute<l. 

lis  appears  to  leave  the  area  which  is  now  the  northeastern  part  of 
incsota,  lying  east  f  the  Mississippi  River  and  a  line  drawn  due 
nqph  from  its  source,  without  any  government  until  the  formation  of 
Milinesota  Territory,  in  1849. 


to  l.;\ve  t»een  can 
in   1788.     By  a»'i 
tw<i  iivritorial  k 
passing  throu^'li  : 
u;e  northward  to  ' 
'Territory  Nortli\" 
na  Terri  ory. 
nprising  most  «'t 
while  the  vTinan: 


TKUuiToiiv  sorrii  oi    vnv.  i.mvkk  oitio. 

le  "Territory  S<»iiih  of  the  KMvcr  Ohio"*  was  bounded  on  the  north 
kh«^  present  northern  liouiidary  of  Tennessee,  on  the  south  by  the 
py-first  parallel  of  latitude,  on  the  east  by  the  States  of  Virginia, 
Eh  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  ami  (Jeorgla,  and  on  the  west  by 
pssippi  Klver.  The  ditVerent  ees8i(Mis  from  the  States  which  uiatle 
lis  region  aro  as  follows: 

The  area  teih'd  5,v  North  Carolina,  whi<!h  extended  from  ,*MP  30' 
latitutle  southward  to  ;{"*',  and  from  the  western  boundary  lino  of 


ing  north  of  a  parai 


'{■(■  »*.aiB8saitr-    .'  [ji.:mm'iim. » ■.  ■ 


m 


BOI'NDAKIKS    (»K    THK    I'NITKI)    STATES. 


tlie  pn*s«Mit  Stjili'  to  the  Mississippi   |{iv«*i-.     Tiiis  is  now  tin*  8tsiii 
Tennesset'. 

L*.  TlieaniiU'tMlrd  by  South  Carolina,  wiiich  t'ornuMl  a  narrow  belt, !_' 
14  inilcH  in  wi<lth,  lyin^' south  of  tin-  thirty  tit'tli  parallel,  iind  extA^inli! 
Iroin  her  western  Imundary  to  the  Mississippi  Kiver.  Itisdonliti 
whether  under  the  terms  of  the  original  ehiirters  South  Oaroliuii  |i. 
sessed  this  strii>,  or  whether  it  was  iu)t  included  in  the  possession^ 
(Jeorgia. 

.'?.  The  area  ceded  by  Georgia,  which  conii)rised  niostot'tlu;  regiui, 
the  presi'ut  States  of  Alabama  aiul  Mississiitpi,  north  of  the  thirty  tii 
parallel. 

'renneHSee   was   admitted    as  a    State   in    ITJMJ.     In    170H  ("onj:i. 
organized   the  Territory  of    Mississippi,  which  was  originally  a  siiki 
rectangular  area,  bounded  on  the  west  by  tlie  Mississippi  K'iver,  on; 
north  by  a  parallel  through  the  mouth  of  the  \  a/oo  Kiver;  the  boundi 
on  the  east  was  the  river  Chattahoochei',  and  on  the  south  the  tiiii 
th'Ht  parallel  of  north  latitude.     This  area  was  subse<(ueiitly  enlMi>' 
NO  as  t<»  include  the  whole  of  what  is  now    Mississippi  and  Alaba: 
with  the  exception  of  a  strip  along  the  (iulf  coast,  which  was  at  t. 
time  claimed  by  Spain.     In   LSI  7   the  Territory  was  divided,  aiul 
eastern  portion  was  made  into  Alabama  Territory.    Subsequent!) 
two  Territories  were  admitted  as  States. 


U 
tl 
m 


I.OIMSIANA    AND   THK   TKUKITOItY    A«M^iiriEET>    KKOM    MKXICo. 

The  liouisiana  purchase  was  eiVecled  in  l.SO.'i.  In  ISM  it  wasdisi 
into  two  |iarts,  that  portion  which  now  comprises  the  State  of  i. 
siaua  being  organized  as  Orh'ans  Territory,  while  the  balamu'  remai: 
as  the  Louisiana  Territory.  The  Stat«'  of  liOuisiana.  '.•.•mprisiiry  m 
of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  was  admitted  to  the  !  nion  in  ISI'J.  :iii<: 
the  same  year  it  was  t^nlarg<>d  by  the  addition  of  the  portion  h 
between  the  Mississippi  and  I'^arl  rivers,  in  the  southeastern  p 
In  the  sanu^  year  the  name  of  Louisiana  Territory  was  chan^i' 
Missouri  Territory.  In  1SI1»  Arkansaw  Territory  was  created,  m 
lH.'«i  it  was  admitted  as  a  State. 

In  IH'Jd  the  State  of  Missouri  was  formed  fn»m  another  ihuIh' 
Missouri  Territory,  and  in  IS.'M>  the  boundaiiesof  this  State  w.  m 
larged  to  their  present  limits.  In  IH:U,  as  was  stated  atMtve,  thni 
tiou  of  this  Territ-ory  lying  north  of  the  StatiMif  Missouri  and  <a- 
the  MiHsouri  and  White  lOarth  rivers  was  attatthed  to  the  Terriioi 
Michigan.  In  lH;t<i  this  portion  was  transferred  trom  the  Tertii" 
Michigan  to  the  Territory  of  WiscouHiu.     In  IH'M  it  wuh  trauHliiir 


D 


TK?*. 


(BlM.l.  !" 


(NETT.] 


sriJDIVISloN    <>F    MKXKAN    i'KSSroNS. 


37 


is  now  tin'  St  ah 

il  IV narrow  bolt.  1 'J 
jilU'l,  iind  exteiKlii 
iver.  ltis«loultl! 
South  (5siroIinii  i^. 
n  thf  poHsessinii> 

most  of  the  lenioii 
i-ihot'tlu'  thirty  ii: 

In  170H  Con-i. 
s  orittinally  si  s\m 
^issippi  Kiver,  oil! 
liivev;  thobouii«l;r 
the  s«>uth  the  tliii; 
ibsniin'Mtly  onliiit 
■isippi  iinil  Alsili;i: 
<t.  whifh  was  ai  t 
kvas  «livi(l«'»l,  anil 
y.     Subsequently 


I)    IKOM    MK.VK'"' 

111  ISdt  it  wiistliv 
les  the  State  «)f  ! 
the  balanei-  remai 
auit.  '.•.•nipriHi»>^  h 
'.  nion  in  lf>l-.  ;"" 
o\'  the   portion   I 
ht'  southeastern  | 
lory   was  chan;.' 
y  was  «rertte«l,   h 

III)  another  p<nii< 
of  this  State  w*  n 
aateil  alMJVe,  th:ti 

Missouri  an«l  '  ' 
umI  to  theTerriKi 

from  the  Territ" 
18  it  was  trautilVii'^ 


^e  Territory  of  Iowa.  In  1845  the  State  of  Iowa  was  create«l,  and  iu 
|b4(>  its  boundarieH  were  enlar^'ed.  in  IH49  the  remainder  of  the  Ter- 
l^ory  was  tran8ferre<l  to  Minnesota  Territory.  Minnesota  waH  ati- 
nittcMl  as  a  State  on  May  11,  1858,  with  its  present  Imundaries. 

Meantime  Texas  had  l>een  admitted  to  the  Union,  and  by  the  treaty 
of  (ruadalnpe-Hidal^o  and  the  Gatlsden  purehase,  we  had  actpiired 
flnom  Mexico  all  the  area  we.st  of  the  northern  part  of  Texas  and  south 
of  the  forty-He<;ond  parallel.     Furthermore,  our  northern  boundary  had 
blen  establislnd  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Out  of  this  great  western  region  were  carved  the  following  Territories : 
Oregon  Territory,  which  was  formed  in  1848,  and  which  extended  from 
parallel  of  49°  north  latitude  southward  to  latitade  4lio,  and  from 
PacitU-  Ocean  eiist  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
California,  which  was  admitted  as  a  SUite  iu  1849,  with  the  same  lim 
which  il  iM>ssesses  at  present. 

Ftali  Tcriitory,  which  was  formed  in  1850.  and  which  extender!  from 
forty  second  {»arallel  southward  tt)  the  thirty-seventh,  laid  from  the 
lifornia  boundary  line  eastward  to  the  Uocky  Mountains, 
lew  Mexi<'o.  which  comphseil  all  the  coimtry  lying  south  of  Ut^ih  to 
tjbe  hoiindary  line  of  TexiM  and  Mexico,  and  front  the (Jaliftunia  bound- 
tl^  eastward  to  the  Ixnmdary  of  Texas. 

iJJehraska  Territory,  which  was  formed  from  Missouri  Territory  in 
liD-l.  It  (!rr)iprise<l  the  country  from  the  forty  ninth  parallel  down  to 
fortieth  and  troin  the  ?viissouri  and  White  Kartli  Kivers  west  to  the 
limit  ot  the  Itmky  Mountains. 
,  [ansas  Territory,  fornu'd  by  the  same  act  as  the  last,  comprised  the 
«fi|liitry  lying  west  of  Misscniri  to  the  boundary  of  New  Mexi<M)  and 
l||fth,  and  from  the  south  lK)undarv  <»f  Nebraska  to  the  thirtv-seventh 
piallel. 
Indian  Territory  then  had  its  present  limits. 

;|lVasliington  Territory  was  formed  in  lS.j.1  from  a  i)art  of  Oregon,  its 

Ijthern  boundary  being  Ciilninbia  River  and  the  parallel  of  UP  nortli 

ftude.  and  its  east  line  being  the  ;^iiiiMnit  of  the  Itocky  Mountains. 

hegoii  was  atlmitted  as  a  S(at«'  in  ls."i7,  with  its  '»onndaiies  as  at 

Sent  t'stablished.    The  poilion  cut  olV  from  Oreg<ni  Territory  was 

ed  under  the  territorial  government  oi  Washington. 

>ttkota  Territory  was  f(»rmed  in  18<U.     As  originally  formed  it  com- 

ed  all  that  region  Ix'tween  its  present  eastern  and  southern  Ixuind- 

while  its  western  iMuindary  was  the  sntnmil  of  (he  Kocky  Mount- 

le  Territory  of  Nevada  was  organized  Irom  the  w««stern  portion  of 

Territory  of  Utah  in    I.StM.     As  originally  eonstiluted,  its  eiistern 

was  the  nu^ridian  oi  thirty  nin«>  degrees  of  huigitude  west  from 

iington,and  its  sonlhern  l»oun«lary  wa^  the  ]>arallel  of  thirty-seven 

^s  of  latitude.     It  was  adndtted  iks  a  Stat«  iu  1864,  its  eaHteru 


t 


38 


BOUNDAIilKS    OK    TIIK    I'MTl-MJ    STATKS. 


[bi'i  I 


h<miHljir,v  being  mmW  tlie  tliirty-o  jjlitli  d«»gn*e  of  longitude  (appntx 
iiiately  the  oue  hundred  and  lifteentli  degree  west  from  Green wicli 
while  its  southern  boundary  remained  the  same.  In  1866,  by  a<'t  u 
Congress,  the  eastern  boundary  was  moved  one  degree  farther  to  tli 
eastward,  placing  it  upon  the  thirty-seventh  degree  of  longitude  wo 
from  Washington,  and  the  triangular  portion  contained  between  tli 
former  southern  boundary,  the  boundary  of  California,  the  Colonni 
Hiver  and  the  meridian  of  thirty-seven  degrees  of  longitude  wan  addn 
thus  giving  the  State  it«  ])resent  area  and  limits. 

Colorado  Territory  was  formed  in  1861,  with  the  limits  of  the  i)n'Kt  i 
State.    It  was  admitte<l  as  a  State  in  1876. 

The  Territory  of  Arizona  was  formed  from  New  Mexico  in  1863,  hcii 
that  portion  of  New  Mexico  lying  west  of  the  thirty-second  meridhi 
west  of  Washington. 

In  the  same  year  Idaho  was  formed  from  i)arts  of  Dakota  and  W  iiv 
ington  Territories.  As  originally  constituted  it  included  all  the  ten 
tory  lyiug  east  of  the  present  eastern  limits  of  Oregon  and  Wasliin. 
ton  Teriitory  to  the  twenty-seventh  degree  of  longitude  west  of  Wii.« 
ington,  the  latter  meridian  being  its  eastern  boundary.  Itssoutlit 
l>oundary  was  the  northern  boundary  of  Colora<lo  and  Utah — tluit 
the  forty-first  and  forty-second  parallels  of  latitude 

FroH)  this  Territory  was  detached,  in  1864,  the  Territory  of  Mom m 
with  its  present  limits,  and  in  1868  the  Territory  of  Wyoming,  tin 
several  (ihauges  re<luciug  Idaho  to  its  present  dimensions. 


n 

81 
aa 

If 
u 

gi 
til 
ka 
tot 

Wl 

to 

ias 

I 

tlM 

Chi 


m 


the 


I* 


(3 


H  A  P  T  E  R 


TIlFi    HOrNDAIfV 


mm:s  ok  Tin 
roiMKts. 

MAINE. 


I  I  I. 

:     STATKS    ANI> 


Thi 


0« 
shii 

'i^kim;    I 

inti 

wt 

Bl 

first  (^hart^r  having  any  relation  to  the  territory  comprising' 
present  State  of  Maine  is  that  granted  by  Henry  IV  of  France  to  I'ic''* 
du  Cast,  Sieur  de  Montfl,  in  1603,  known  as  the  charter  of  A<>.adia,  wl 
embraced  the  whole  of  North  America  between  the  fortieth  and  l"i^ 
sixth  degrees  of  north  latitude.    Under  this,  several  expeditions  "J*< 
made,  and  in  UiOO  it  was  decided  to  make  a  permanent  settlement  ai  1' 
lioyal,  now  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia,  and  no  further  attempts  wero  im 
under  this  charter  to  plant  (polonies  within  the  limits  of  the  |»n«J] 
State  of  Maine.     ( Vide  Charters  and  (/onstitutions,  p.  771.) 

liy  the  first  charter  of  Virginia  {rule  Virginia,  i».94),  granicil 
James  I,  in  J606,  the  lauds  along  the  coat'.t  of  North  America  betwr 


PKS. 


[BriL.i-      sjJKNrrr.l 


MA  INK. 


89 


longitude  (appv()\  tin-  i  liiityfourtli  ami  fortyfiffli  dcffroca  of  north  latitude  were  given  to 
:  from  Greenwicli  two  lompanics,  to  on«^  of  which,  the  riyni(<iith  ('omj>any,  was  assigned 
In  1866,  by  a<'t  >  tbat  i»ait  of  N(Mth  America  iiichuling  the  coast  of  N«'\v  ICngland.  The 
igree  farther  to  til  first  (tolony  in  Mniiic  was  planted  on  the  peninsula  of  Sabine,  at  the 
e  of  longitude  wt-  mouth  of  Kennebec;  Ifivci-,  now  ilnnnewcill  Point,  on  August  19,  1007, 
tained  between  tl    O.  S.,  l)y  (Icoryc  rupliani. 

:)niia,  the  Coloriin       panics  I  in  1020  granted  a  ehaiter  to  the  Plymouth  Compauy,  in  which 
mgitude  was  addc    ina^  be  fouud  the  following,  viz : 

W*^'*'.  tlx^rt^foro    *     *     •    do  K^ant  ordain  and  establiah  that  all  that  Circuit,  Couti- 
imitS  of  the  im'Sti    iMjit,  I'recinclH  and  LiiniHw  in  Anicrira  lying  and  being  in  Br«adth  from  Fourty  De- 
gfilM  of  Northurly  Liit  itiide  tVoni  tlu^  E(inuoctiul  Line,  to  Fourty  eight  Degrees  of  the 


lexicoin  1863,  bcii 


flld^  ^'ortll(1rly  Latitude  und  in  Ittngth  l>y  nil  the  Breatlth  uforeuaid  throughout  the 


MUn<-  Liiiid  f  I'oui  8t*a  to  Suit — with  uH  thu  SeuH,  Kivers,  iBlands,  Creekes,  InlettH,  Pons 
rty-second  nieri»li;i  ^^  Hav<  im  within  tht^  Dogn-CM,  PnuinctM  und  Limitts  of  theBaid  Latitude  and  Lou- 

gitvdt'  sliiill  It*-  tlic  LiniittH,  and  BoundH,  and  Precincts  of  the  second  collony — and  to 

P  Dakota  and  Wi^:  tl¥|end  tlmt  thenaid  Tenitoryt's  may  hereafter  bo  more  particularly  and  certainly 

.1    d    1  nil  the   ttT  ^It^"  '^"''  'li^tinguiHhed,  our  Will  and  Pleamire  is,  that  th«>  Hanut  shall  from  hence- 

regon  and  Wasliin 
jitude  west  of  VVii> 
udary.  ItssoutlM 
>  and  Utah— that 

e 

rerritoryof  Montiii 

y  of  Wyoming,  Hi' 

euBions. 


foitlt  !>•'  iiiiniiiiat)il,  t<-rui<'<{  und  called  by  the  nauiu  of  New  Kngland  in  A\.ui«>rica. 

1p^u<ler  this  grant,  given  in  1021,  the  Earl  of  Stirling  claimed  that  he 
w4^<^i>titlcd  to  land  on  the  coast  of  Maine  which  was  afterwards  granted 
to  the  IMyniouth  Couipany,  and  by  dii"ection  of  James  I  that(H)mpany 
iaalieii  a  patent  to  William  Alexander,  Earl  of  Stirling, 

fl|r  a  tract  of  the  main  land  of  New  England,  beginning  at  Saint  Croix  and  from 
tliwc*'  extending  along  the  Hea-couMt  to  Pemquid  and  the  river  Keunelieck.  {Fide 
Ohi^rtiTs  and  Const  itut  ionn,  ]•.  774. ) 

^e  heirs  of  the  Earl  of  Stirling  sohl  this  tract  to  the  Duke  of  York 

ia  MO;?.    ( Vide  Zell's  Encyelopjedia.) 

I|  1022  (Ja|>t.  John  Mason  and  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  obtained  from 

uncil  of  IMymonth  a  grant  of  the  lauds  lying  between  the  Merri- 

and  Kennebeir  Uivers,  and  extending  back  toth«i  river  antl  lakes  of 

Oaosda.    This  tract  was  called  Laconia,  and  it  included  New  Uamp- 

shive  and  all  the  western  part  of  Maine.     (  Vide  Whiton's  New  Uamp- 

TKS    AND  TKni     1|Mou  and  Gorges,  in  1029,  by  nnitual  consent  dividetl  their  territory 
inti^two  by  the  river  Piscataqna.    That  part  on  the  east  of  this  river 
wWMfereliuquished  to  Gorges,  who  called  it  Maine.     (  Vide  Whiton's  New 
jipshire.) 

charter  of  the  Plymouth  (jompany  was  snrrentlered  \o  the  King 
year  KJ-T).     (Vide  Plynnxith  Colony  Laws,  p.  MVi  et  NUimi.) 
Ig  ('liaHes  I,  in  the  year  1(}39,  grantetl  atrharter  to  Sir  Kerdinantlo 
S  which  virtually  contlrmed  the  patent  given  to  him  by  the  Ply 
Company  in  1022. 
following  extra(!t  from  that  charter  defines  the  boundaries : 


ritory  comprisin): 
Vof  France  to  l'i(^*** 
arter  of  Acadia,  wl 
he  fortieth  and  t<ii^ 
eral  expeditions 
tent  settlement  a  I 
M-  attempt!^  were  im'^ 
limits  of  the  prt-'" 
18,  p.  771.) 
ia,  p.»4),  grant. ■.! 
»rth  America  ImMw> 


lat  Parte  I'urparte  and  Poir.un  of  the  Mayne  Lande  of  New  England  afoteMaid 
iling  att  t  lie  entrance  of  Pisoutaway  Harbor  and  soe  to  passe  up|)  i  be  same  into  t  be 
»f  Newicbewanocko  and  through  the  Haiue  unto  the  furthest  h«»il«  thereof  ami 

Buce  Nort.h westwards  till  one  hundreil  and  twenty  miles  bee  finished  and  from 


ijrLJ»i    I'mhaL^ 


40 


KOI  NDAKIKS    UK    TllK    INITKI)    .sTATKS. 


iBt  I 


I'iNi'itiAwny  Harbor  mouth  aforesaid  NorthoaHtwanlH  along  the  Sea  CoastH  to  Sa;.M<, 
liui  k«>  1111(1  up  tho  Rivt^r  tUttreof  to  Kyuybequy  Rivi>r  and  through  thu  sanit;  ititn  i:    . 
luMtdr  thereof  aud  into  the  Landu  Nortbwvatwiird.s  iintill  one  hundred  and  Inmi. 
niyliH  bee  end»«l  being  acconipted  froui  the  uioiilli  of  Sagadabocke  and  froni  i[ 
p<-riod  of  one  huudriHl  and  twenty  niyieH  aforowiid  to  croHHe  over  Laude  to  tli<   '    t 
hundred  and  twenty  luyloHend  formerly  ruukom-ti  iipp  into  the  Lande  from  Vi><-4\ 
way  Harbor  through  Nt^wiciiewauocke  Kiver  and  uIho  the  Nortbe  halfu  of  the  Inli.    j| 
ShoaleH  togeather  with  the  IhIkh  of  Capawock  iind  Nawtican  neere  Cape  (Jod  us  ;iU 
all  tho  lalandH  and  Ilt-ttH  lyt^inge  within  Ave  leagueKof  the  Mayueall  ahuigt!  tlu'ii. 
HaideuoaHtH  betweene  the  afon^sanl  Kiver  of  Pu8catawa\  anti  Sagadabocke  with  alli   ^ 
CreekH  HavuuH  and  Harborn  thereunto  bolongingu  and  tht>  Kevercon  and  Kevii.    >•] 
Kemaynderand  Keiuayu«lei-Hof  all  ana  mngnlar  thewiid  LandoH  Rivera  and  Premi'vi'  m 
All  which  Maid  Part  Purpart  or  Porcon  of  th(«  Mayne  Lande  ami  all  and  even     ^^ 
PreuiiHHeH  herein  before  named  Wee  Doe  for  U8  our  heireti  and  HUucemorH  cifiit 
incorporate  into  One  Province  or  Countie,  and  Wet*  Doe  name  ordeyne  and  tip 
that  the  porcouof  the  Mayne  Lande  and  PreniitteH  uforuHaid  Hhall  forever  hen'ti 
called  and  named  The  Province  or  Countir  of  Maynt-. 


Pt 


m 

nn 

In  l(>64CharIc>H  II  granted  to  tlii^  I)uke«»f'  York,  who,  the  year  iM-tcHa 
ba«l  purchaHed  the  territory,  which  liad  been  awarded  to  the  Eiui  ***' 
Stirling  iu  the  diviHion  of  the  country  to  his  heirs,  a  portion  of  the  pi  ■ 
ent  Htate  of  Maine,  and  aloo  certtiin  ishinds  on  the  coast,  and  a  lar  * 
territory  west  of  tlie  Connecticut  Uiver.  (For  the  bouudaricH  vidi  N  ' 
York,  p.  70  et  neq.)  ^«' 

In  1674  Charles  II  nnule  a  new  grant  to  the  Dnke  of  York,  in  >^®* 
stantially  the  Haine  terms  aH  that  of  1004,  inchiding  as  before  a  port  'l 
of  Maine.     (  Vide  New  York,  p.  77.)  ''®i 

III  the  yetir  1077,  Kerdinando  GU)rge8,  a  grandson  of  Sir  Ferdiiiii"** 
Gorges  sold  and  gave  a  deed  of  the  province  of  Maine  to  John  IJslm:^^ 
merchant,  of  Boston,  for  £1,250.    In  the  same  year,  IJshiir  gave  a  titc/* 
the  same  t4>rntory  to  the  governor  and  company  (»f  Massachusetts 
who  had  i-eceived  a  grant  from  the  council  of  I'lymouth  in  1028,  con  tin  tod 
by  the  King  iu  1029.    (  Videi).  &  C,  p.  774.)  W« 

In  1680  Pemaquid  and  its  dependencies,  forming  Cornwall  V '^^^ 

under  the  jurisdiction  of  ISew  York,  were  annexed  to  the  New  Kn 
government  by  a  royal  order,  date<l  September  10,  1080.     (  Vide  M  f 
Historical  Society  Collection,  vol.5.)  t 

Th«^  charter  of  MassiM;hu setts  Bay  of  1620  having  been  canc«  li . 
1084,  ill  1091  William  and  Mary  granted  a  new  one,  iiworporatinL  "" 
provinces  of  Maine  and  Acadia,  or  Nova  Scotia,  with  the  coIomi 
Miisssu;husett8  Bay  >uid  of  Plymouth,  into  one  royal  province  l)}| 
nsune  of  the  Royal  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay.    (  Vide  Mass..  |>  >a< 

The  right  of  government  thus  iic<|uired  over  the  district  ot  M 
was  exercised  by  Massachurtetts  until  1810  when  measures  wei<  >>' 
to  :idinit  Maine  as  an  iudei)endent  Stitte.  ^^ 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris  in  1763  the  King  of  France  relinquislif* 
claim  to  that  port'on  of  North  America  which  includes  the  pri« 
State  of  Maine. 


ott 


rv.^. 


iBOi.i.i:    ejihJKiT  1 


MAIXK. 


41 


Sea  CoMJlH  t«»  Sa^ii.. 
ugh  tho  saiiu!  int"  i 
le  hundred  tinil  tvvi 
(lahocke  and  fron  i 
J  over  Laude  to  th^ 
le  Lande  from  I'i  .  i 
the  halfo  of  the  l«l.  • 
iieere  Cape  tJwi  u^ 


lh«'  northern  and  eastern  bonudarieH  were  settled  by  the  United 
Stotcs  and  (Jreut  Britain.     (See  p.\'6,et  seq). 

TIm'  western  boundary  wiw  for  a  long  time  a  founje  of  contention  be 
twfen  Maine  and  New  LiainpMhire. 

Jew  Hanipsliire  having  been  made  a  province  in  1070,  controversies 
aillie  concerning  the  divisional  line. 

I|i  1731  commissioners  from  New  Hampshire  and  from  Massachusetts 


yue  all  "^*'"'**\^  ll'^'ii ,  bftfing  been  appointed,  met,  but  were  unable  to  agree.    New  liampshire 

iigada  "*'^^"^^jj^^" ,,  iiiigfiiied  to  the  King,  and  the  King  ordered  that  a  settlement  should  be 

OH  Rivera  and  Prem-^  iD^e  by  commissioners  from  the  neighboring  i)rovin(!e8.    The  Iward  met 

1  auti  all  andev.i^  atifaiimpton  in  17.'i7.    The  commissioners  fixed  on — substantially — the 

a  »iicce»HorH  tniii.  pi^.jij  hoinalary,  wonling  their  report  as  follows: 

le  or     .  Bigiiininf;  at  the  entrance  of  PuHoatuqua  Haiimr,  and  mo  tc 

*hall  forever  le  e  ^^^  Newhicliawack,  unit  tliro'  the  same  into  the  fiirtheHt  1 


to  patM  up  the  Hauie  to  the 
head  thereof,  and  thence 
niBiorth  2  d*'^re<-H  went  till  12U  niileH  were  finiHhed,  from  the  inoitth  of  Pattcataqua 
I        t1  t*  vear  bcto' ^I*'riR>r.  or  until  it  meet  with    llin  MajeHty'H  other  OovernmtntH.     (8«^e  N.   H.  Hiu- 
Who,  ine  y  ,  .  toijl  Coll.,  Vol.  II.) 

irded  to  the  Kiui     -^ 
a  portion  of  the  pi 


he  coast,  and  a  lat 
lH)Uudaries  vidt  N 


Duke  of  York,ii 


^|iN  was  confirmed  by  the  King,  August  5, 1740. 
l.S'JOMiiine  was  admitte<l,  as  an  independent  State, 
fiiculties  having  arisen  about  the  bonndary  between  Maine  and 
Hampshire,  commissioners  were  appoint«-d  in  1827  from  each  State; 
term i lie  the  same. 
1H20  the  commissioiK  rs'  report  was  iidopted   by  each  State,  and 


itr  as  before  a  p<""      ' 
'^  hefine  then  settled  upon  is  as  follows,  using  the  langusige  of  the  com 

loners'  report,  viz : 

report  of  the  comuiiHHionerH    a]»]>ointed    liy  II Ik   MajeHty'H  ord«-r  in  Council  of 
ry  2*2^1,  17:i.'>,  and  lontirmed  hy  hiM  order  «>f  tlie  .''ttli  of  Au^UHt,  1740,  having 
•hed  — 
t  the  dividing  line  Nhall  |>uhh  up  thron(;h  the  mouth  of  PiNcata«iuaHarlMir, 
the  middle  «)f  the  rivt-r  of  Newichwannock,  part  of  which  is  lunv  culled  the 
lal^lps  FallH,  and  through  the  middle  of  the  Mime  to  the  farthcNthead  tliertHif,  &.C.," 
I'   riiwall  (^llll■'•^^^''''  "'*^  diviilin^  line  Nliall  part  the  IhIc  of  Sholeti,  and  .iin  through  the  middle 
""»     ■*  .,       f  IliharSor,  hotween  the  iHlan«lH  to  the  Bea  on  the  Hontherly  side,  &c."     We  have 

tl  to  the  r^e    ^   '   ** 'o|jj|BBnie(I  it  neceuHaiy  to  commence  our  survey  until  we  arrived  north,  at  the  head 
19,  IflWi-      (  »  *'"     '  f  8i|DOii  Falls  River,  which  was  detenuined  by  Bryant,  at  his  survey  in  1740,  to  Ite 
ttllKDUtletof  East  |Kmd,  between  the  towns  of  Waketiehl  and  miapleigh.    P>om  that 


on  of  Sir  Ferdii 
aine  to  .John  U'^l'''^, 
,  Uahur  gave  a  d.  c  ' 
of  Massachusetts  li  i«< 
outUiulC28,coiiliiUiit^ 


,viug  been  cane* 
one,  iuiorporatm:^ 

la,  with  the  colo'n 
royal  province 
4y.    ( rid*  Mass..  I' 
If"  the  district  «>«  ^' 
^n  measures  wen  1 


l'^, 


m 


Prance  relinquislmi 
h  includes  the  v^^j 


rvi  have  surveyed  and  marked  the  line  as  follows,  viz: 

immenccd  nt  the  liryaiii  Rock,  kimwn  aa  such   hy  tradition,  which  is  a  n>ck 

■iddle  of  Salmon  Kails  River,  at  the  out  let  of  East  pond,  about  six  feet  i.n  length, 

Bt  in  breadth,  three  feet  in  depth,  and  two  feet  undtMlhe  surfitci'  of  the  water, 

lam  waM  at  the  time  of  the  survey,  to  wit,  October  1,  lH-.'7  ;  miid  stone  bears 

nventy-oiic  degrees  west,  three  rods  and  eight  links  from  a  large  roek  ou  the 

Ib'iiik,  marked  "  1H27,"  anil  bears  also  fnmi  a  rock  near  the  mill-dam  (marked 

lorth,  nineteen  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  west,  anil  ilistaut  twelve  iislsand 

n*>  links.     At  this  point  the  variation  of  the  needle  was  ascertained  to  he 

ec*  west. 

the  above  stone  the  line  is  north  seven  degrees  and  forty-one  minutes  east, 

^dred  and  m'venty-elght  rods  to  East  pond,  and  crossing  the  pond  three  hnu- 

eleven  hmIh  ill  width  to  a  stone  niouuuieut  which  we  ere<!t«Ml  up  on  the  bank. 

Be  and  au  half  feet  high  above  the  surface  of  the  ground,  marked  N  on  the 


■'■i^* 


42 


MolNDAUIKS    (»!•     TH  K    I MTKD    SI'ATKS. 


i 


wcNi  hiiU-  itnH  M  on  Mm  eant  Hide,  which  description  appliea  to  all  the  stone  tiu'  S 
iiKtiitN  h*-r«Miiulter  niiMilioiuxl  iinlew  they  are  otborwiat*  partiotilany  described ;  ilie  01 
the  same  conrHe,  two  hundred  and  twenty-flve  rtMls,  U)  Vox  Ridge,  and  to  u  Ht<  pi 
nioniiinent  which  in  placfd  upon  the  north  side  of  tlie  road  that  IniulMfrom  Wvket;  t1 
toHhapleigh;  thence  two  hundred  rodH  lo  Balch'n  pond;  ucroHM  the  pond,  om>  h  oi 
dred  and  three  and  halt'  rods;  acrosH  a  |ieninHula,  thirty-six  hmIh;  acmsHUd  til 
lltty-onu  rmiH  and  Hcvt-nleen  links;  acroHH  a  Hecond  peniUHuia,  tortyeight  hmIh;  it(t  si^ 
a  Hecond  cove,  twunty-Heven  ro«lH,  ten  links.  04 

Thence  three  hundred  and  iseventy  rodH,  to  the  road  leading  from  Nowfield  to  W;,  th 
HeUI  and  a  stone  nionunutnt,  erected  oti  the  north  Hide  of  the  Hanio,  near  Cmii!  ml 
uell'H house;  thence  north  hIx  degrecH  and  ten  minutes  east,  Ave  hundred  and  iiui  Wl 
rodH,  to  the  line  of  Parson tiehl,  to  a  stone  monument  with  additional  mark  *'  \"i'  OH 

At  this  point  the  variation  of  the  needle  was  fouuil  to  he  nine  degrees  liftetn  n  1*1 
utes  weHt.  Thence  same  course  tlv«^  hundred  and  eleven  rods,  erosning  the  im  Bl1 
Province  |N)nd  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  Parsoulield  road,  near  thehouMt  of  .l,i:  dM 
AndrewH,  alHO  with  additional  mark  "  l&M  " ;  thence  north  eight  degrees  and  tin-  M^ 
eight  minutes  east,  two  hundred  and  eight  rodH,  to  the  old  corner-stone  of  F]tliii|;l  Mi 
about  two  feet  above  the  ground,  and  not  marked;  thence  north  eight  degreiH  t  OO^ 
five  minntes  east,  two  hundred  and  Heventy-sovi-n  rodH,  to  a  large  round  ston*'  at.  tiM 
three  feet  d'aweter  and  two  feet  high,  nnirked  N  and  M,  by  the  road  uponTowl»'i*l  ■'•I 
thence  north  seven  degrw's  tifty-llve  minutes  east,  six  hundred  and  thirty-one  lo;  *•*• 
ast^iue  monument,  on  the  road  leading  fnuu  Parsoulield  to  Etling7iui;i.  AttliiN  k  *<M| 
the  variation  of  the  needle  was  found  lobe  9  degrees  thirty  minuteH  went.  I'Im  "•* 
north  Ave  degrees  two  minutes  east,  w^ven  hundred  thirty-four  to  u  pine  stifB 
upon  a  snuill  island  in  OHsipee  Kiver  at  the  foot  of  the  falls;  thenee  north  iti  •*■' 
greeH  east,  thirty  rods,  to  a  stone  monument,  tin  the  north  side  of  the  new  rojil  :"^ 
Porter  to  Kffingham;  thence  the  same  course,  Ave  hundred  Afty-eight  roUs,  to  tlir'*' 
of  Bald  Monntain;  thence  same  course,  three  hundn^d  sixteen  rods,  to  the  v'**'^ 
Hiekford  Mountain  ;  thence  same  courHeono  hundred  and  ninety-three  rodn,  toa'^^^ 
monument,  on  the  north  side  of  the  road,  leading  from  Porter  to  Eaton,  ""■ 

At  this  point  the  variation  of  the  neeille   was  fonnd  to  be  nine  degr<>es  fortv 
minutes  west ;  thence  north  eight  degrees  Ave  minutes  t^ast,  seven  hundred  ami  t< 
lour  rods,  to  Cragged  Mountain;  thence  same  eours4«,  sixty-s«*ven  rods,  to  tlii<  n 
of  Eaton  ;  thenee  same  course,  seven  hiindred  eighty-seven  an<l  an  half  rodt*,  i' 
corner  «»f  Conway;  thence  same  course,  six  hundred  ten  and  an  luilf  ro«ls,  to  a.'**^ 
monument,  on  the  south  side  of  the  road,  leading  from  HrownAeld  to  Conway  ('i:^ 
thenee  north  eight  degrees easr,  eight  hundred  seventy-one  rods,  to  a  stone  nuiiinr*  '^ 
on  the  south  side  of  the  road  loailing  from  Fryeburg  Village  to  Conway.    Ai' 
point   the  variation  of  the  needle  was  found  to  be  ten  degrees  west ;  thetin 
(iourse,  four  rods,  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  north  side  of  the  same  road ;  them  r  i  '**^ 
eight  degret^s  fifteen  minutes  east,  one  hundred  two  rods,  to  8aco  River;  themi 
course,  eighteen  rods,  across  said  river;  thence  same  course,  six  hundred  forty 
rods,  to  a  ntone  monumeutou  the  road  leading  to  Fryeburg  Village,  cm  the  nortL 
of  the  river.  *' 

This  monument  is  marketl  as  before  described,  and  is  about  eight  feet  hi^h  <^*^' 
the  ground  ;  thence  same  <  ourst),  one  hundred  forty-two  rods,  to  Ballard's  Mil!  I 
thenee  same  course,  sixty-one  rods,  six  links,  across  said  jtond:  thence  sanx  o 
three  liundred  forty  four  rods,  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  east  side  of  Chathnin :' 
thenee  same  course,  six  hundred  ninety  rods,  to  Kimball's  Pond  ;  thence  saniiOj,'| 
one  hundred  sixty-six  rods,  across  said  pond ;  thence  same  conrsi-,  sixty  rods,  to  ;i  - 
uionnment  (ui  the  meadow.'    Tbeuoosaue  course,  nine  hundred  forty  rods,  t<' 
ner  of  Bradley  and  Eastman's  grant ;  thence  same  conrs«t,  six  hundred  and  nit ' 
to  a  stone  monament  on  the  east  side  of  the  Cold  River  road.    Thhi  atone  is  wnd', 


tlM 


>  From  thii  point  the  line  was  reenrveyeti  in  1858,  vide  p.  44. 


1 


1» 


'l-.lll 


K.T.) 


MAINK 


48 


M  to  all  the  atone  nu 
iilaiiy  «leBcribed;  \\^^ 


in>  <le«crilM«<l,  bnt  i«  not  more  than  two  feet  ahovf  the  grcund.  Thenc«  wime  courHc, 
tlioiiMind  llv«  hiindrwl  forty  rodM,  t<i  tht«  corner  of  Wurntr  and  Oilman's  location,  a 
"RidKeaiJdto  a  Ht.  plUot  Nloiien.  At  thin  iM.int  the  variation  of  thu  needh*  was  foiiml  to  bo  ten  degreei, 
leiMltifrora  W»kef.  tlWfct.v-thrue  ininuleH  west;  tlitnce  Name  cours*-,  fonr  hundred  and  fifty  rotls,  to  top 
H  the  pond   on.'  h   of  Mount  Koyen  ;  thence  same  courne,  eight  hundred  ninety-eight  rodH,  to  Wild  River ; 


•six  riKls;  acroaa  ao 
,  forly-eight  rtnlH;  nu 

ij  from  Nowlleld  to  NV, 
the  Hamc,  near  Vmuv 

five  hundred  and  nin 
Iditional  mark  "  l-'> 

nine  degn-eH  liftetn  ii 
rodH,  erosMing  the  im 
,  near  tliehouwi  of  ,l,i: 


t|lg0c«*  Maine  coiirHe,  eight  rodH,  acrotw  Haiti  river;  thence  name  course,  Heven  hundred 

sizly•ti^e  rodn,  to  a  Htone  monument  on  the  north  Hide  of  the  roa<l  loailing  from  Lan- 

oMiBr  to  Hetliel ;  tiience  name  course,  one  hundred  rods,  to  Androsroggin  River; 

llMttce  Hume  eourne,  eighti'4Mi  hmIh,  across  said  river;  thence  north  eight  degrees  ten 

t^'HtiiHt,  four  thouHand  one  hundred  sixty-two  rodH,acroHH  ten  streams,  to  Cliick- 

>)ig  River;    thence  same  course,  two  fliouNand  five  hundred  rods,  to  a  stone 

ment  on  the  nortli  side  of  tlie  road  leading  from  Errol  to  Andover.    This  ntono 

,rked  "N.  If."  and  "  M.,"  thence  name  course  two  hundred  ton  rods  to  Cambridge 

BitMr,  thence  same  courw^  eight   rodH  across  said  river,  thence  same  course  five  hiin 

(ImA sixty-seven  ro<ls  to  IJniliagog  Lake,  thence  Hiwnu  course  thirty-four  rods  avn»sH  a 

.    ,,  ,  „,.  ,1 ,1.  oof*  of  the  same,  thence  Hame  conrs**  ten  roil*- .icroMH  a  peninsula  of  the  same,  thence 

emlit  degrees  ami  111.         ."t  .        .      ,   ^         ^     u  ,  i  i-       •  ,   ,   i       »i 

X  rc<<M.  .1  MliA  eounw^  two  hundred  twenty-hvc  roiln  acrons  a  bay  ot  naid  lake,  thence  same 

•onier-Htoneot  r^tniiKi  """^  .       .     ,    .  ,  •       i      »•  .i  .i 

.     .   ,^    ,     _       ..MMlBe  two  hundred  SIX  rods  acroHK  a  peninsula  ot  the  same,  thence  same  course  one 
north  eight  Uegret'H  i  *^'  ■■■f  • 

,    .   „     ,  thMltond  one  hundred  sixty-five  rods  across  the  north  bay  of  said  lake  to  a  cedar  post 
k  larire  roumi  sione  «■•  •"•^^^^-^  ^ 

^    .  rn      I    I  mMlkMl  "N.""M.,"theiicenortheii.'htdegrueseatitsevenbiindredfourteen  roflstoPond 

the  road  upon  low  Iff!  •""^T"  »        .       i      i  »        .     »•  ■    »         .  *       *» 

,  ,..  .       ..    ..     KmIk:  thence  same  course  two  hundred  twenty  hve  roils  to  a  stone  mounmunt  on  the 

reil  ami  tliirtv-oni'  lov  "'"'!^^» 

rm    r'     •       Atthif  i  •"'Ii  "'*'*'  "'"  '*'"  Margallaway  River,  thence  same  courNo  ten  rods  across  said  river, 

.V  1       11   thdlBe  same  course  one  hundred  sixty-two  rods  to  a  spruce,  corner  of  the  college 

ty  ininiileH  west,     iii'  ■"■'?■ 

•ty-fonr   to  a  pine  M 

»I1h;  thence  nortli  k; 

Hide  »»f  the  new  roi'i 

fifty-eight  toUh,  to  ili 

ixteeii   rods,  lo  thi   i 

inety-three  rods,  to  a 

^       .      \  ,■   ,  oatiki  one  thousand  eight  hundred  six  rods  to  the  north  corner  of  tin*  same  township, 

be  nine   deurees  liirl\        'w 

.        I  I  UiMId  saini- coiirst)  four  huntlred  and  Hixty  rods  to  u  branch  of  Little  Uianiond  River, 

,  neve  i        ,     ,    ^i  ,  ..(llrifr  Haine  course  threi*  hundred  fifty  rods  to  another  branch  of  the  name,  thence 

\-wNei         ,  iMj|^ourN»' two  thonsand  one  hundrtMl  twenty  rods  to  a  branch  of  the  Margallaw«y 

u  am   ""   '•  '    Rififl^  thenco  same  course  thnso  hundred  thirty-two  rods  to  another  branch  of  the 

nil  an   ii  •  ,^m||ll„,,„.,.  ^i^m,!,  course  four  hundred  rods  to  a  Hteep  mountain  called  ProHi>«ct 

^^'       '  Hillf-ibence  sikiiie course  nino  hundred  and  twenty  rods  to  Mount  Carinel,  soinetimeH 

rotlH,  0  ..jallnA  Hiinday  Monntain,  thence  samo  courstt  four  liundrtMl  rods  to  a  perpendicular 

llago   o  J-    ■  jm||j||^j,.„^  thence  same  courNo  live  hundred  and  forty  rods  to  a  branch  of  Margalloway 

legrees  ,^  ■  Wtiflt  thence  same  course  two  hundred  and  sixty  rods  to  a  branch  of  the  same,  thence 

he  same  '    .  ,    ,  .iMlfecourse  three  hundreil  forty-six  n)ds  to  a  m^cond  steep  precipice,  thenco  same 

o  naco     IV     ,  ^  j«||i»oiie  hundnMl  eighty-six  rods  to  a  branch  of  Margallaway  River,  thence  same 

'^'**''  "'"  «•***  t  wo  hundred  forty-two  ro<ls  to  another  branch  of  same  river,  thence  same  course 

ly-cight  rods  to  a  beaver  pond,  thence  HaniecourHe  one  hundred  twenty-six  rods 

llow  birch  tree  on  the  highlands  which  divide  the  waters  that  run  south  from 

at  run  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  being  the  northern  extremity  of  the  line  and 

idred   and  twelve  inileH  two  hundred  and  thirty-three  rods  from  the  hoMl  of 

Falls  River. 

id  Hiiid  tree  inarke«l  on  the  east  side  "M.  E.  17H9,"  and  on  the  went  <*  N.  H.  N. 

5.ljillN«>  "M.  .M."    To  these  marks  we   a<lded  "  N.  II.,"  "N.  E.,"  and  "M.  E.," 

E.  II.,"  "A.  M.  M.,"  "IHgS,"  and  stones  were  piled  round  the  same  and 


thence  same  course  two  hundred  Histy-foiir  rods  to  Margallaway  River  awcoml 
tiali  At  this  point  the  variation  of  the  needle  was  found  lo  be  eleven  degrees  fortv- 
tlTViipiiinuteH  west;  thence  Hame  courne  ten  rods  acrosH  Haid  river,  thence  Haine  «oiirHe 
twtt.^undred  and  ninety  rmls  to  Haine  river  a  third  tiini«,  t hence  name  coiirHe  ten  ro«lN 

Naid  river  to  a  monument  luiule  with  three  Htones  on  the  north  nitle  of  naid 
rit^  about  two  feet  high  and  not  marked,  thence  name  course  fonr  hundred  forty- 

ds  to  comer  of  township  number  five,  in  sttcond  range,  in  Maine,  thence  same 


\r  Village,  on  the  n«>ii 


bout  eight  feet  hij;'' 
^8,  toBallanl'sMini 
pond;  thence saini  > 
east  side  of  Chathnii) 
Pond;  thence sani'  1 
course,  sixty  rwls,  t..; 
ndred  forty  rods,  t<  ' 
lix  hundred  and  nil  ■ 
A.    This  stone  Is  m^'^] 


1868,  vide^.U. 


|whole  coiirso  of  the  Una  from  the  Androscoggin  River  was  re-marked  by  sp«t- 

old  marked  trees  and  crosfing  the  spots  and  marking  others  in  the  course. 

I  line  as  above  snrrey  and  described  we  agree  to  be  the  trie  hnnndary  line  of 


44 


HiH'NIV\F{|K>    u|.    THK    INITKI>    STATKS. 


IWl.Llf 


NHJtl  KtttlfN.     And  tlio  ttl>ovn-<lfHcrilM'il  iiiarkH  uiid  innntiiii(<nt(t  wo  mtublJHh  to  >li  ■  , 

mil*-  tli«4  HuiiiH,  and  that  lint  Haul  liti«>  lirri'iit't<r  niniMn  the  Iniundary  liiiolt«*(w*  •  i  j 
Hialt'N,  iinli'HH  till-  IfgiMlatiiM' iif  ( itlit-r  Stal<-  nliall,  al  tli<>  lirnt  M-HHion  at't<T  the  <  \< 
tiou  of  tliirt  a);n<«<nitMit,  diHa|t|irovt<  of  tli«  Hauit'.                                                                || 

WILMAM   KlN(i,  I 

UIII'US  M.  IMIUK,  a 

(UtmrntHMtitnerH  of  M.nif  f 

,                                         l(IIAIM)l>   ItAlMLKIT,  I 

.lOIIN   W.   WEIKS,  B 

l'ommi>i»ionrrHuj'  Si  H<  llamimliif  •• 

NOVKMBKK  13,  IH2A.  n 

w 
Tho  le};iHl>itui'u  <»f  Muiii<i  npprovnl  of  tlM>  nuiiiiiissioiu'iV  n>|Miri  I   n^ 

ruarv  L'S,  IHLM),  siiul  n>4|iu>Ht«d  the  ^ovmior  to  imhik'  liis  |>i'o<^Iaiii  ii  tb 

jur(!onliii;;ly.  "^^ 

TIh'  saniL'  action  wan  taken  b>  tlHilegiMlatnieofNew  Hani|iHliiir,  i 
1,  lHli!». 

(For   Kt^poi't   of  ConiniissionerH,  Hee  Lawn  of  Maine,   IHliH-'M,  uii 
head  of  ReNoIveH  of  the  Ninth  Lej^iHhiture  of  the  State  of  Maine,  |ii.a« 
39-4;i.)  D« 


an 
wl 


HetwetMi  ISL'H  and  I85H,  eonNiderabh^  portions  of  tite  auiost  nnlm 


10 1 


forentM  through  which  the  line  of  1827-'liS  was  inarkeil  were  el<..  „^ 
KxtenHive  forest  flres  often  swept  large  traets  of  this  territory,  :iii<  m« 
a  conseqnenee,  the  marks  of  the  1827-'li8  survey  for  a  distance  of  m  "if* 
eighty  iniU's — whicli  hy     lat  survey  was  mainly  Mxed  by  bhi/ed  ii^|.f 
—only  Heven  st4>ne  postM  having  been  set  in  this  distanctv— were  oli! 


of  I 
•lori 


ated,  HO  that  there  renuiined  scar(;ely  a  vestige  of  the  original  line.  „i,|, 
lands  having  be4;ome  valuable,  an<l  litigation  in  many  ciutes  biting,'  m  01 
nent,  the  legislatures  of  the  two  States  in  1858  provi<led  by  enat  ti  ••' 
for  another  survey  from  Fryeburg  to  tlie('amulalme — which  wasm'" 
the  same  year.     The  line  as  then  surveyed  is  as  follows,  viz:  ^ 


C<tninien<!in){  at  an  iron  poHt*  Hitnat<'d  on    tlio  lim*  run   in   a('i'ordan<;«<   vmh'' 
"Treaty  of  WaMliin^ton,  of  AngUHt  '.»,    1^4*2,"  an  tho  Ixiundary  lM't\v»!««n  tin    I 
States  and  tlit*  |)rovino«  of  Cnna^la,  at   tin-  cornerH  of  tlii^  StittoH  of  Maine  mni 
HampHliire.     On  the  Houtli   face  of  miid   pOHt  are   ilie  wordH  "Albert  Hniiili, 
C'oinHHr.";  on  the  north  face,  "Lt.  Col.  I.  B.  B.  EiwttconrI,  II.  B.  M.C<ini8Hr."  :     W 
west  face,  "  Bonndary,  Anj;.  'J,  184'2  "    on  the  en«t  face,  '•  Treaty  of  Waahinj;!"'**'^ 
the  marks  are  abided  on  the  winthem  half  of  the  west  fare,  "  H.  O.  Kent."     A  I  ir.* 
stone  WON  placed  on  the  Hoiithern  face  of  the  monument   and  mark(>d  "  IK>     ^'' 
Me.,"  on  either  Hide  of  a  line  «nt  in  Huid  Ht'One  hearing  (he  direction  of  tli'   ^ 
line,  viz,  south,  H  di-grees  wi-st. 

From  this  point  the  line  is  south  H  degnum  west,  17  rods,  7  links  to  a  larni-  \ 
birch  stub,  the  northern  terininns  of  the  former  survey  ;  thence  12(>  nxls  to   i  i 
pond  ;  thence  7-*riHls  to  the u«»rth westerly  branch  of  the  Margallaway,  known  i' 
River  ;  thence  '242  rods  to  another  branch  of  the  Margallaway  ;  thence  IHC  i 
certain  steep  |)recipice  |>eq>endioular  on  its  southern  face ;  thence :{46  rods  ti>  i 
of  the  Margallaway  Rive ;  thence  '«(X)  rodn  to  another  branch  of  the  same  ;  i  li< 

rods  to  a  precipice,  the  i  Dutbern  aide  of  Mount  Abbott ;  thence  4(K)  rods  to  t  li'  - ' 

.  ( 

"The  poaition  of  this  poi:t  is  given  in  Hitchcock's  Chxdogical  Sonrey  of  Ntw  Fil 
ahira,  «•  follows,  Tis,  latitude,  45°  18'  '£.V'.X\ ;  longitude,  71°  6'  40".r>.  >J  < 


1 


rKs. 


1"' 


A  w«  wiiabliMli  to  ■ 
iiiidarylin*^ ''»'««'  ' 
M-wioii  iil'li  r  th«'  'A' 


MA  INK.  4R 

a|l|luiint  Cttmiel ;  vlifiicr  '.>*i()  riNlH,  uiitl  ucritnH  tour  Hirfuiim,  totlioHiitumitol'  PrtNiptMSl 


1 


tliiNdiHtttiieo  wp  inarki'tl  u  jrlluw  l»inli  tn-c  "  II.O.  K«Mit,  H««|»ti>inlM>r  *J<>,  IHftH," 

till-  iiiuiH'H  of  iht'  r««iiiiiiinl««r  of  thp  party  ;  ilniu't<  HHi  hmIh  to  unoilior  lirtinrh  of 

tki  Mitrt{alliiwa.v  ;  thoiic'i<  IIKJ  hhIh  to  tlu>  Little  Miirpillaway  Uivrr;  thonn*  *J,  l*2<)  hmIm 

MM  KoHt'lnick  Mountain  to  a  hrani'li  of itaid  rivir.     On  tliiN  iliHtami^  at  thl^  norlli 

(i>in<-r  ol  townHlii|i  No.  .'i,  ritn^t^  :i,  in  Maim-,  wr  in.iik*-il  a  wliito  birch  tr<f,  "N. 

H.ll..    itiiil  on  iiH  north  an<l  wmth  Hiil«*H,  "IV,  III."     'riiiily  io(Im  from  lh<-  Nnniniit  of 

BoMhiK  k  Monntain,  ami  on  itM  norlhvrn  Hio|H>,  wr  crn  rnl  u  Mtiin<>  tnonnnunt  tin«rk<«l 

'*MM.  ';  thincx  :t.'i(i  hmIn  to  tlic  l.ittl«<  Diamontl  Kivn  <ii  Alihotl  Hrook  ;  tln-nir   ItK) 

roAl  to  tli«  norlhvvi'Nt  coriKT  of  tounHhip  No.  r>,  ran^*-  '.',  in  Maiin>.     On  tins  <liNtain'«> 

w«  Inn  nil  an  ancifnt    y<>llow  birch   trne   rnarkid  "  I?"'.!  :t.'>.  M."    To  tht-H*'  inarkt*  we 

adMlft«l  "  I^C*H";  liitMur  t,A4N>  rotlM  to  tht^  Mtnthvi-Ht  rorn<  r  of  the  winnt  towiiNliip.     On 

tllltdintanr     at  lh«^  norlin-aHt   «;onn<r  of  Dartnionili  (ullr^c,  nii  imil   ^|)tnt  in  N.  H.. 

w«  tiaikcd  a  larf{t'  yrJIow  liinh  trew  "Mo.,  J.  M.  W..  I'-.V;  N.  H.,  if.  O.  K.";  tlnMiir, 

anARiTOMt  an  optn  lio^,  444  hhIm  to  tlin  north  bank  of  the  Mar^aliaway  Kivir,  to  a 

wbile  inapio  tr«M<  inarktMl  "N.  II.M.";  t!i«Mn'«>   |ii  iimIh  a<'i<>sM  Hani   river  to  a  iar^*- 

ploglr*'*'  markcti  "  M."  "N.  II." |  then(M<  an<l  a<;roMH  a  mtoiuI  open  bo^  'iiN)ro*lH  to  the 

wUM  rivt-r  anil  (o  a  lar^c  fitn  Htnb;  tlu'ncr  Id  hnIh  acro.HMHaiil  rivi'i' ;  tlo'in'i^  Vi(>4  roilN  to 

Strttii  of  MailU',  p.i. »  ■#!»<■'■  !"'*''  nnirkiil  "  M."  "N.  II.",  "  W.  L.",  "  U.  C",  IwinK  "••'  "onthi-aMt  rorin-r  of 

Dall^ionili  Colh'f;*',  wfoinl  ijrant;  thence  Wfi  riHlH^Mlie  MarKallaway  Uivor;  thonrtt 

10l<i|H  acroNM  Haiti  river  to  a  i«tone  nionuiiit  lit  on  itH  Hontherly  Hide,  HtandiiiK  al>onl  :i 

>f'th«'  i»»»«»«t  Ulll'i'   jj^^Im.v,,  the  Kioniiil  anil   marked  "  M."  "N.  II.";  tiieme  to  the  original  line  tr.« 

inrtrktMl  won*  l'l«  i  nmttlut   to  the  ihi.: :.!«  of  the  home  farm  of  Z.  F.  Diirkie,  eH<|.     The  vour&e  of  the  lint 

thin  territory^  <ili''lAf  iktin    iliHlanrf  from   Ihr  iron  pout  at  the  national  boinKlari/  to  thin  point  heam  kohIH 

iliHtiillCC  <>t  III  ''f'm^'"/ '''<"<  "'f' •'  thrill  e  arroHH  naid  rieariii^,  the  old  line  inarkN   beiii^  K*>ii*'>  '•<>i>iii 

nxe<l  by  Maznl  n  " 
liHtJinctv-weiv  ul.i 
the  oii},'">ai  liii«' 


\M  KIN(i. 
,  MiiNllKK, 

,1(11  mM-o*'"'"'  "/  •"'"" 
Ol)   |l\IMI-KIT. 
W.  NVEIKS, 
nerxof  A'"'  Hampi'l'i" 

issioIUMs'  n'lM"''  ' 
sue  his  piodaiii  II 

New  HsiinpMhiir.  I 
Mrtine,   lH'JH-'«.>,  ni 


Ken  and  :t))  iiiiniiteH  weHt,  KiH  roilH,  to  the  old  croHHed  trei-H  in  tlie  woimIh  Hoiitli 
nl  Hrook:  t  lienie  I'nun  roiiil  Hrook  Honth  eJKlit  degrei  s  weHt,  714  rodn  to  the 
l<og  of  UiiibaKo^   Lake  and  to  a  redar  trm>  marked   "  M."  "N."     To  thiH  wo 

"iHr>8." 


iiany  eaHeHbeiiiKii 
nrovi«le(l  by  (Miii. n  ^"^ 
,l,n,.— whuhwasii/^, 

tblloWH,  viz:  «< 

in  in  anordance  witi 
imlary  between  th.  I 
e  StutoH  of  Maine  aiii 
,omIh  "Albert   Smiili, 

ll.H.  M.ComHHr."; 

Treatyof  Wa«hin^;l  I**** 

"H.  6.  Kent."     Alii 

'  and  inarkeil  "  iHfr    ^ 

the  direction  of  tli'  "^ 

iH,  7  links  to  a  lar^:'• 
thence  ItMi  hmIh  to    . 
rtarnallaway,  km>w ' 
Uaway;  thence  1H<.  i 
;  thence -.Mf)  rods  I -ii 
anch  of  the  «ame  ;  ii" 
theuce400rodfltoll>'^ 


logical  Snnrey  of  Ni«  '^ 
,  71°  B*  40".B.  "^ 


OWtlii^  diHtanee  near  the  corner  of  F^rrol  and  Wentworth'H  location,  which  in  a  ce- 

I   in  a  pile  of  Htonen,   we  marked  a  maple  tree  "M     IWVS,"  "  N.  II.  1858"; 

HoiiMi  ten  decrees  and  thirty  minnt.'H  wcHt  1,U>&  hmIh,  acroHN  the  north  bay  of 

e  to  Mie  old  marked  treeHoii  the  Honthern  Hhore  ;  thence  Honth  ei^ht  degreen 

1  ioiIh  airoHH  the  peiiiiiHiila  to  a  cedar  tree  marked  '*  M.'"  "N.  H."     A  large 

•Iho,  on   the  lake  Hhore  wiw  marked  "M,"  "N.  II.";  thence  Name  i  onrHe  '-Wfi 

roHHa  bayof  Naid  lake;  thence  sanio  courtie  10  hhIh, aonim  a  peiiinHula;  thence 

iirne  'M  iikIh  acroHH  a  cove;  thence  Haine  coiirHe  M7  rods  t^i  Cambridge  River; 

same  roniHe  H  rodn,  across  said  river  to  a  white  maple  ntiib ;  thence  same  course 

to  a  stone  monument  on  the  north  Hide  of  the  roa<l  leading  from  An«lover, 

Colelirook,  N,  II.;  thence  same  coiirne  to  the  north   edge  of  the  burnt  land 

'ton  and  Success;  thence  south   11   ilcgiei-n  went  across  ten  HtreamM  and  the 

almpy  River,  or  Silver  Stream,  to  the  ohl  line  trees  hearing  the  croHHen. 

of  the  south  end  of  Success  Pond;    thence  on   the  sa^ne  coiirw^  south    10 

west  following  the  old   mark   to   an   ash   tree  bearing   the  original  ciohs, 

a  few  rods  north  ol    the  bouse  of  the  late  Daniel    Ingalln,  in  Shelbnrne; 

•outh  11  degrei^  west   to  a  stone  monninent,  by  the  road  on  the  north  nide 

idrosenggin  River,  itnd  to  the  north  bank  of  miiil  river,  the  whole  diHtanee 

stone  monument  near  Umbagog  Lake  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Andro- 

River,  Iteing  (),(iH*2  rods;  thence  south   II   degrees  west    IH  rods  acnmH  .said 

hence  same  course  1(K)  rods,  crossing  the  track  of  the  (irand  Trunk  Railway 

le  monument  on  the  north  side  of  the  road  lea<ling  from  LamaMter,  N.  II.,  to 

Me  ;  thtMice  same  course,  76ri  hmIh  to  »  hemlock  tree  on  the  Honth  bank  of  Wild 

th>  lice   miuth  tM)  degrees  :t(»  minutes  west  M  rods  on  an  otiset  of  the  old  snr- 

gsaid  south  bunk  to  the  old  line  trees;  thence  fuHowing  the  old  line  ti«M 


'I 


u\ 


HOINHAUIKS    UK     IIIK    I   NITKM    »TATKK. 


("•u.d 


11 


M)ulti  11  (l«igrf«>n  wtwt,  piiMMiiig  tho  fH)ittLount  coriu-r  of  8b«lbMriiu,  H{tH  riHln  to  tlia 
iti'  Mount  Ui>>c<<,  th«4  whole  (liHtance  iM^ing  1  N^l  uh\h.     On«  iiiiln north  of  tho  mii 
of  Mount  Koyt'tf  w«  umrked  »  bfccb  trm)  "  N.  H."  "  M.,"  IHTiH ;  thoncr  to  u  lar^<  m 
ninrkt'tl  "  N.  II.''  "  M<-.";  thi'iiei^  Honth  10  ilcf;r<'«<H  Ut  niiiinti'H  wfHt  to  a  tttont  im 
uiHiit  on  l\w  «<uHt  Nitlu  of  the  (joM  Kivi>r  nitwl.     On  ihiadiHtunvo  ut  tlio  f<Nitot  \hvt 
|trf<-i|)ir«Miii  til)-  iiortli<>ni  taco  ol' Mount  Uoycc  ii  whitii-hirch  tnt^  wan  niark«<«l  "  Kv 
rnrtlHT  on  ami  caMt  of  a  burn  l)-i|gi<  a  wliili--liirrlt  trc<>  wan  inuik«i«l  "  IH5H,"  ku,!  q, 
It,  on  the  line,  a  pliu  of  HtonoH  wuh  crecttMl.     At  tlio  lirHt  cjuarin^,  near  the  nortbr 
III'  li  Nione  fonco.a  large  xtone  waH  inarki*il  "  M."  "N.  11.";  thfiir  t- iiJunK  aHtoiic  fr. 
anil  acfoHrta  roail  tlirough  a  pieuu  of  new  growth  an«l  again  t-roNMing  the  roati ;  il 
I'oliowing  another  Htone  I'tiice  on  the  euNt  Hi<le  «»f  theroml,  pairing  tlirnugli  a  liilih 
by  the  t-nii  of  another  Htoiie  fence  ;  then  croHtting  a  road  near  the  went  end  of  a  line 
over  (.'old  liiver;  then  toliowing  the  valley  uf  that  Htreani  and  ironning  it  h\\  tia 
then  ti'oNHing  luiother  road,  where  we  place<l  a  Ht«)ne  nioniunenl  ;  then  t  liroiigli  ;>  i:- 
Hiriking  an  idd  Htnuip  and  pile  of  HtonnH,  Hhown  ai*  tht*  old  line  and  pan«iiig  li  i 
a  honw  and  barn,  and  through  the  weNteru  edge  of  a  grove  of  treeN  lo  the  Ntum 
inneiit   near  th*'  hourn^  of  Mr.  Eiuttinan,  the  wholiMliHtaiice  being  l.llH)  rodn;  il> 
l.ti.lO  hmIh  to  a  Htone  ntonuiuent  Hianding  in  tbu  meadow  i'A)  rodH  north  uf  thr  i 
shore  of  Kiniball'H  pond,  in  Fryebiirg. 

Kut  ttM  (he  towMH  of  Fryebiirgand  Htowe  have  entcted  no  durable  nionuniem  < 
StateV  line  at  their  respective  oornerH,  wedoeuied  it  adviHable,  underouriiiNtriK  ' 
to  proceed  h«>  far  HOiith  aH  at  leiutt  to  puHH  the  Haid  corner  and  lo  complete  the  \mi; 
Home  well-detlncd  uiomiment  of  the  old  survey. 

This  con  rite  bore  from  the  monuiiient  to  and  acroNH  an  open  bay  Hoiith  I'.' iN: 
weHt;  theiico  on  the  old  tret'H  HoutL  9  degrm^H  went  IdOrods;  thence  on  tie  <>li! 
south  l()dcgre«!H  rtOminuleH  west  to  a  Htone  monument  erected  by  iis  near  tlic  Imi 
.lonnel  Clay,  iu  Chatham,  and  ou  the  north  Hide  of  the  road  leading  from  Si<i\> 
('bathani  CornnrH;  Haid  monument  in  marked  "M."  "N.  II."  lK>;  thence  on  ih 
line  Houth  11  degreen  west  to  the  road  leading  from  North  Fryebnrg  ioChaili;i: 
\\  Inch  point  we  placed  a  atone  monument ;  thence  hoiiIIi  II  dcgreea  went  to  tli>'  n 
went  ooruer  of  Fryeburg,  being  a  Htake  in  a  pile  of  Htonen  in  a  picir  ol  low  ;:i 
southerly  of  the  house  of  Captain  Bryant,  au*l  to  the  old  monumeni,  (in  kmIs  imi 
Kimball'H  poud.  Ou  tbe  bank  north  of  Haid  corner,  on  the  hoii(|i  side  of  the  umiI 
near  Captain  Bryant's  honse,  we   placed  a  Htonu  mouuuicnt.  marked  "M."     N 

If^CiH." 

The  different  couraea  laid  down  in  the  torejj<»iii>;  ii'iMut  are  the  !► 
iii^sof  the  eonipass  in  1858  when  phicetlon  the  line  eNtiiliiished  in  1 
(See  Legislative  Journal  of  New  IIiunpMhiie,  1850,  pages*  7<i4-7<i7. 

Tn  1874  the  line  between  Maine  and  New  IJaiiipHhire  was  re8iii\> 
iind  marked.  (  Vi(le  Hitchcock's  Geology  of  New  IIani])shire,  V(»I. 
173.) 


■ 
C 

« 

a 
r 
ti 

m 
•I 

V 

At 
in 

XI 

SI 

a 

tfa 

of 

or 


NEW    IIAMI'SIIIRK. 

ThetirHt  charter  of  Virginiii,  granted  in  KilMi,  incltided  the  teiiH": 
the  present  State  of  New  Hampshire  {rule  p.  'M^),  nn  did  the  ciiiiii' 
New  England,  graiitetl  in  1<>2(>  (vide  p.  ;{J>),  antl  the  grant  to  C'api.' 
Mason  and  Sir  Ferdiinmdo  (lorges  of  Hi2'2  (ride  p.  30). 

Tbe  president  and  coantnl  of  New  Knghind  made  a  grant  toi 

John  Mason  in  1629  as  follows,  viz: 

•  •••••• 


at 

ill 

ifi 

^i 
III 


if 


VTKS. 


[hi  II 


INNRTT 


NKW     IIAMISIIIUK. 


47 


iriiM,  Hl»H  hmIh  to  llif 
iiili^ north  of  tln>  huh; 
;  thoiurr  to  u  Urn-  » 

L»H  went    to  H   HtOII.    in. 

iic«  ut  thof<M>to(    ill 
fno  \vs»i  iiiarktMl  'I- 

llUlkca  "  lHf.H,"  Itliil  : 

uriii«,in'»r  the  noriti 
h«'inf  aloiiu  iiHtoiH  : 

croHMJiiK  tho  roHil ; 
iHHint;  through  It  tnlil 
r  th«' wiHt  «ih1  of  a  lit 
liiiil  cioiittiiin  it  hL\  iiL 
t'lil  ;  th«-iilhroiinli  ii 

lino  uihI  |>»i«»iiiK  li'i ' 

of  tlVew    |0  tlH'MtOlltll 

iH-iiiK  l,ll«i  rodn;  iL 
J  hmIh  north  of  the  ik 

durnltlt'  nioniiniiMii ' 
iilo,  un«l«'ronrinNlrni' 
h1  io  coniiih'tt)  M»'  «'  ■ 

•jK^n  ba.v  woulli  I-  'I'. 
(1m;  th«MU!»'  on  tli<  ••'>■' 
t'll  Ity  <iM  near  I  lie  I  " 
lad  Uutlinn  fnmi  m- 
I."  iK'iH;  tli«'n«'»'  oil  ill 
l'"ry»!lini^  to  (,'hail  i 
i|i'Hn'»'H  woHt  to  I  hi'  ii 
III  It  pifiT  of  h»w  ;:> 
onunu'iil.  <■>"  •"«•«  I"" 
Hoiilh  Hiil<*of  th»'  ri'iii 
lent,  niarkitl  "M."    ''> 

jr  it'port  are  llif  '' 
lie  t'staltlislu'^l  i"  ' 
lO,  i)ani'M  7r»4-7<)7.! 
I)Hhiie  was  resiirvi 
Ilainpsbiro,  Vol. 


lultitUMl  tlu'«t»'nii"' 
),  aw  «li«l  tla^  diaii' 
ht-Kiaiit  toCapi..' 
p.  ;w). 
mado  a  urant  tt>' 


Lll  thill  |Hirt  of  tho  main  lanil  in  Ni'w  Knf(laii«l  I.miik  i  |Mtii  the  N«<a  comhI,  ItogiiiiiinK 
Briui  tho  .niihlli' |iart  of  Mi'iTiinack  Kiv«<i,  ami  froni  tin  ino  to  |it  m-«hmI  northwanln 
tloHK  tht'wa  I'ouHt  III  I'imaiiHinik  River,  anil  ^oforvMUilM  up  within  the  miiil  rivnr  and 
Mthe  fiiriheHl  lieail  llieieof,  anil  from  tlieini'  iiorthweNi  warilN  iritil  thri'o  ticon*  niilt>« 
lM.lliiiHhi*<l  from  thi>  tirHt  entranc«>  ot  I'iNcataiinu  River  and  aluo  from  Mt^rrimaek 
|^w^|,titii..M.iiil  liver  anil  to  the  fiirtlieNt  head  thereof,  ami  Hoforwi.rd  ii|iiutotholantlN 
Wt*t^>aril  II  mil  three  Hcon-  iiiiIch  lie  liniHlied,  anil  from  I  heme  to  itiinh  ovvrlftml  to  tho 
th|i*«4  '•eoro  niileH,  ami  acconipted  to  riiu!atiii|iia  River,  to^other  with  all  iHlamlN  and 
inhtH  within  ■'•  leatfiieM  ilintaiiee  of  the  premitMH  and  aliiittiiiK  upon  tho  Nanuv  or  any 
f^ft  or  piiriel  thereof,  &e.,     *     *     *     whieh  Haid  port lotiH of  landN     •     •     •     thenaid 

|)t.  .loliii  MaHoii,  with  tho  coiimMit  of  ih«  preaidiMit  ami  c-ouneil,  intemlH  to  iiam» 
Hiimpuliire.     •     •     • 

111  1  <».!'>  tll(^  liVAUl  ol'  lO'JO  wan  fDiitii'inctI  by  a  HtippUMiuMitary  ^raiit, 
[wliit^li  tlu'  tollowiii;;  i.s  iiii  extract,  viz: 

II  that  part  of  ihc  Mayn  liitml  of  New  KuKlaiid  aforesaid,  lie^innin^  from  the 
Idli' part  of  Niiiiiiikirk  River,  ami  Irom  i hence  to  proieeil  eiiMiwanlN  alon^  tho  .Sea 
■t  to  Cape  Anne,  ami  roiiml  alioiil  the  Mitnie  to  I'lHchalaway  llarhonr,  and  h4n<  for- 
iHtt))  w  it  hill  tho  river  New)(«nvanarke,  .nid  tothefiirtheNt  head  of  i  he  Na  id  River  and 
At^i  tlieiii'i-  iiorthweHtwarilH  titl  nixlv  mileH  liee  linihhed,  from  the  tiiHt  eniramo  of 
fm^halaway  llarhor,  and  aiMio  from  Naiiiiikeeke  through  tho  River  thereof  np  into 
i  latiii  tM'xt  Hixty  mileH,  from  wiiieh  period  to  c.roNN  over  land  tothoNixty  inileHt^nd, 
impiiii  iioin  I'mehatawav ,  lliniii^h  New;;ew-anaeke  River  to  the  land  iiorthwt-Ht 
alkir«»>aid  ;  Hid  alsoe  all  thai  the  South  llalle  of  the  YhIi-h  of  HIioIoh,  all  whieh  lamlN, 
witli  tlieCoiiHeiit  of  the  CoiiiiHell,  rtliall  Iron:  lieneefortli  It-  called  New-hainpHlivre. 
AmI  .'iImic  ten  IhouNand  acrcN  more  of  land  on  the  NoiitheaNt  part  of  Sii^udilioc  at  the 
mil  or  entrance  thereof — from  hencoforth  to  Itee  calleil  hy  thu  name  of  Marinonia, 


tji^l'lcr  tlu'  <l<*atli  <»f  ('a)tt.  Joliii  MaHoii  (in  Dcfciiilx^r,  l<>.'{5),  I  lie  allaiiH 
(jUtlif  I'oloii.v  (U)iniii^  into  hatl  (iotiilitioii,  ibc.v  soiikIiI  iIi<>  piotcction  ol 
iHacliiisi'itH  ill  Kill  and  (>n,joyo<l  it  till  Hmo,  when  litdicrt  Mason,  a 
itlson  ot'.Iolin  MaHon,obtaincMl  aroysil  dct  rrr,  titnirr  wliicli,  in  MMO, 
aiBPlonial  ;;«»V('riiint>nt  was  cHtabiiHhed.  lint  no  fhartcr  was  ^nvcn  to 
tllli colony,  and  its  ^ttvoniinunt  was  only  coiitiniicd  during;  tlic  pli'asiiir 
oI^Im'  Kill;:.  The  following;  is  an  extract  from  the  ('(Mninission,  or  «U' 
),  issued  by  the  Kin^  in  UiHi): 

>vinci>of  Now  IlampNliire,  iyin^  and  oxtondiiii;  from  three  inileH  northward  of 
iniack  River  or  any  |»art  thereof  into  yo  Province  of  Maine 

b  the  year  ItJDO  the  pnivinco  of  Now  Hainpshin^  was  af^ain  taken 
|er  the  jurisdiction  of  MassachuHctts  liay,  but  was  a^fiun  .septirated 
lliUJ. 

For  a  hiHtory  of  the  Itoundary  between  New  HainpHliire  and  Msiine, 
Maine,  p.  41.] 

10  controvei-sy  airciuly  referred  to  arising  l)etween  the  provinces  of 
Hampshire  and  Massachusetts  Bay  not  only  involved  the  settle- 
of  tho  boundary  between  New  Hampshire  anti  .Maine,  >ut  also  that 
reen  New  Hampshire  tind  Miissachusetts,  and,  as  befort.  stated  {vule 
Mine,  p.  41),  the  commissioners  appointed  by  tht^  two  pmvinces  hav 
been  unable  U>  agree.  New  Hampshire  appealed  to  the  King,  who 
[Bull.  171 i 


""i* 


^smm 


48 


noi'NDAKTKS    «)K    TIIK    INTTKH    STATES. 


[Bfl.l.lT, 


i 


ordered  that  the  bonndaries  Htiould  be  settled  hy  a  l)oard  of  c^ominih 
sioners  appointed  from  the  nei{;hl)orinp  colonies. 

The  board  met  at  Ilanipton  in  1737,  aiid  submitted  a  conditional  dt 
cision  to  the  Ki'^i;,  who  in  1740  declared  in  conncil  as  folIowH,  vis: 

That  tlio  nort.ti<'rii  iMMindary  of  the  provlnco  nf  MaHHiicliniMMtH  bo  n  Hiniilar  cniv 
liiHi  jmrHiiinj^  the  ronrMo  of  tli«»  Mcrrimac  Rivor,  nt  tliroo  niihut  diHtaiicn,  on  tlie  tion 
HJdo  tlifi-fof,  hnginiiiii^  at  tlio  Atlantic  Ocean  and  ending  at  a  point  dno  nortli  of  I'ai! 
tnck<tt  FaliH,  and  a  Htraight  lino  drawn  from  thcnco,  duo  went,  till  it  nieota  witli  \\\- 
MaJoHtv'H  other  OovcrnmcntH.     (  Vide  Vermont  State  Papern,  Blade,  p.  W.) 

N«'W  Ilampsiiiredkimed  her  southern  boundary  to  be  a  line  due  wok' 
from  a  point  oi  the  sciu  thrc'.'.  miles  north  of  the  mouth  of  Merrimai 
River.     Massa<>.husetts  c-laimcil  all  the  territory  three  n)ile8  north  of  aii} 
part  of  Merrimac  River.    The  King's  decision  pavt^  to  New  Hampsliin 
a  Htrip  of  territ/ory  more  than  fifty  miles  in  lenptli  an<l  c»f  varying  widtli 
in  excess  of  that  which  she  claimed.    This  decree  of  the  King  was  tor 
warded  to  Mr.  Kelcher,  then  govenior  of  both  the  ))rovinces  of  Ncp 
riampshire  and  MassacliusettH  Bay,  with  instructions  <o  apply  to  tli' 
res|i4>ctive  assemblies  to  unite  in  making  the  ne(;esHar.v  provisions  t( 
nniniti^  and  marking  the  line  conformable  tc  the  said  decree,  and 
either  assembly  refustnl,  the  other  was  to  pro<;c»;d  ex  parte.    Massacjit 
setts  nay  declined  exmiplying  with  this  requisition.     New  Ilampshin 
therefore,  pro<!ee«led  alone  to  run  and  nuirk  the  lino. 

Oeorgc!  Mitchel  and  Itichard  Hazen  were  appointed  by  Belcher  ' 
survey  and  mark  the  line.  Pursuant  to  this  authority,  in  the  montli ' 
February,  1741,  Mitchel  ran  and  marked  the  line  from  the  seacx)a8talMii 
three  n\\\^\  north  of  the  mouth  of  the  Merrimac  River  to  a  p';iiit  \\\m 
three  miles  north  of  !*awtucket  Falls,  and  Ilazen,  in  the  r.ionth  of  Miin 
following,  ran  and  marlced  a  line  from  the  |K)int,  three  *niles  north 
Pawtu<!kct  Falls,  across  the  Connecticut  River,  to  the  supposed  boiiih 
iiry  line  ot  New  York,  on  what  he  then  supposed  to  be  a  due  wt- 
lumrsc  from  the  i)lae4»  of  be'i:iuning.  lie  was  instnicted  by  Oovcnii 
Heiiher  to  allow  for  a  westerly  variation  of  the  ntM'dIc  of  ten  dcnict- 
(  VuU  New  Hampshire  Journal  11.  R.,  182G.) 

Tlii'  report  ftf  the  surveyms  has  not  been  preserved,  but  the  joiirn 
of  lla/.en  has  been  fouitil,  and  is  i)iil>liKhe«l  in  l lie  New  I'lufzlanti  1 
t«ni(;il  .iiid  (leiualo^^Hcal  IJejiistei',  .Inly,  lN71i. 

SiilifM'qneni  invetitigati(m  has  proved  that  this  line  was  not  run  oii 
iUw  west  ciMirse,  the  allowance  for  the  westerly  variation  of  thonttHi 
being  <imtt'  t<M)  large,  throwing  the  line  north  of  west. 

This  mistake  seems  to  have  been  known  i)revious  to  the  Revoliiii> 
In  1774  (;aloulationK  were  made  by  George  Spnnile,  founded  upon  jk n 
surv<>>s  and  accurat*;  astronomical  observatitms,  from  which  he  dcp 
mined  that  Hazen's  line  was  so  far  north  of  west  as  to  lose  to  theHu 
of  Nttw  Hampshire  q  lite  a  large  tnust  of  land.  (  Vide  New  Hampsli 
Journal  H.  R.,  1826.) 

In  1825  commissioners  were  appointed  by  tlie  fltntes  of  New  Fliini 


EF..  [w\A.\-. 

l>oard  of  oominiR     i 

I  A  conditional  dr  ! 
H  foUowH,  via:  j 
tt»  bo  ft  Himilar  cnrv  \ 
[\wiawe>,  on  the  iiort  j 
oint  <lno  north  of  I'm: 
till  it  mwtH  witli  lli 
H«l«s  p.  ».) 

be  a  line  due  wo8 
nontli  <>f  Merrimai 
3  miles  north  of  an; 
to  New  HainpHliin 
d  of  varying  witltl 
f  the  King  waH  lor 
i  j)rovince8  of  Nc^ 
MiH  <o  apply  t4)  til. 
Hsar>  provisions  fo 

said  <l«TTce,  and 
r  parte.    Massatk 
I.    New  Ilampsliin 

I. 

mted  by  Belclni  t 
rity,in  the  inontlp 
ntbeHea(5oa8tHl>(ii 
ver  to  a  i»';iiit  ulto' 
itliei.ionthof  Miiii 
hree  'uiles  north 
the  wippoHed  bouii 
(1  t«)  be  a  due  \v< 
mctvd  by  Govern 
iM'dle  of  ten  degi*. 

«d,  but  tlie  joiuii 


WW  was  not  run  <'ii 
uiation  of  thoiM<' 
west. 

UH  to  the  Revoliiii' 
,  founded  upon  »» n 
from  which  he  <!«'' 
iiH  to  lose  to  the  Hi;. 
Vide  New  Ilampslr 

^tflteB  of  New  11  iw 


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44 


NFW    HAMI'SIIIUK. 


40 


Bhii«  iind  Miissju'husottH  to  a.s(«»rtiiiii,  nm.  ami  mark  the  line  botwooii 
theHfw  I  States,  iiiwler  tin'  |>ro(;enliii«:s(»r\vliirli  New  llainpshire  assert e«l 
heVflHiiii  t«»  a  due  west  line,  eoiifonnalde  to  tin*  «le«^re<'  of  17  M),  if  lieiii^ 
appdreiit  l»y  a  Hurvey  iua<ie  by  the  coinmissicMiers  that  the  orijrjiial  line 
wa»llortli  of  w«'st.  Tliistlic  Massa<'hiist'ttS('oinniissioiierHiefiise<l  to«lo, 
ftllOg^","  lli:<t  they  were  only  em|Miw«'re«l  to  a«"ert»in  anil  mark  tin* 
)rig|Biil  hn.'. 

Qi March  H>.  IS','?,  tin-  Ir^xislalnn^  paKsrd  a  resolntion  providinvf  for 
;ho^reiti(ni  of  <lnrahle  monnm«Mits  to  prt'srrve  the  hoiindary  line 
»et^eii  tin-  States  of  MassaehnsrttH  and  N'ew  llampsliire,  as  thesjiUM' 
ladjbeen  run  iiml  ascertain. mI  liy  the  commissioners,  and  monnnieiits 
ver<|ereclc(l  accordinj^ly.        I  /'/«  IJesolves  of  MaKsachusetts,  l.SliT.) 

llllhS.'i  the  joint  c<»mmis.-ion  appointed  by  the  Stat»*s  of  New  I  lamp 
hirsiftnd   Massachnsetts  reran  an<l  marked  the  curved  portion  of  the 
omwiry.  foMowiuji;  the  course  of  Merrinnn-   Uiver,  ehan^nn};  it  onI\ 
rillinj,'  extent.     This  commission  whs,  however,  unable  to  a^ree 
the  hdundary  west  of  I'awtui'ket    i-'ails.     This  matter  dra;;j;ed 
intil  tinaily  in  IS'.H  this  conniiissiou,  lo;4;ether  wit h  a  i-omniission 
Mitin;;  \  ermont,  a^n'eed  to  maintain  the  lia/.un  line,  and  this  line 
^-traced  and   i'«'rnarked  from    l'awtue,k«'t  l-'alls  to  the  mn'thwesi 
triief  ol  Massachusetts. 

Ul^M-  the  decree  of  the  Kin;;;  of  1 1 W  the  provinet^  of  New  llam]>shire 
Aini^l  jurisdiciioii  as  far  west  as  the  territor>  (»l  Massacliusetts  and 
mlllL'ticiit  extended,  thus  includin^^  the  present  State  of  \'ernu)nt. 
3W  "iToi  k  daiaied  all  the  couiitry  west  <d"  th«'  Conneeticut.  under  the 
lArt^s  of  Kitll  and  KiTI  to  the  Ihike  of  York.  .\  liitter  eontri»\ersy 
snttll.     Tli<>  folldwin^i;  papers  .serve  to  throw  Home  li^dit  on  the  njatttM*: 

tiiiti  /■  I'riiiii  till  ilorernor  oj'  .Vcic  llamimhirf  to  Hit  (inn  nmr  of  \fw  )i>rk. 

I'ltiiisMui  III,  .\tti,iiil>er  /?,  I7t:>. 

•  ,*  I  iliink  It  iiiv  iliily  '  "  to  triinHiiiil.  to  your  ixri'lli'iiry  lln' <1<-H<ri|i- 
lufllbw   ll.iiiipHliin-HH  till*  Kill);  iiuHilriMnuiiicil  it  in  tliu  wonlsot' my  (■(iiiitiiiKHion. 

•  *  III  inns<M|ii<'iir<'  III'  IliH  .Majesty's  (It'tiM'iiiiiiiit ion  of  |Im<  lioiiiiil:irii'H  ttctwcfii 
r  lIi||i|iNliirr  aiitl  MaHsjirhii'<('tl.-<,  a  siir\i'_\:ir  and  iiitipci  rliaiiiiiii'ii  \v«>ri' a|i|>(>iiit('il 
un  Ue  VM-Ntirii  iiiu^  trom  liniilfM  ninth  of  I'auinrkil  I'lilis.  ami  Mi«t  Miivryor  ii|ioii 
1  lUM  ilrt'lariil  that,  li  hlrik<>N  iiiiilsoiiH  lki\i>r  .ilioiit  so  pohN  nortii  <<\'  \\\u\\t 
IKwVh  liivi'i  coiiii-N  into  lliitlHon'H  K'iver. 

•   ■  ■  •  •  •  • 

l«.  WK.NTWniM'll. 

'MiSlpli'  I'apriH  of  N'xrniont,  Sla<li<,  1,  |la^l'  til.) 

hei|>ll<>win^  is  a  deHciiption  of  the  bounds  of  N>-w  Hampshire  ^'iven 
uiior  iSennin^f  VVi'Ul worth,  of  provinee  ol   New  llampsliire,  b> 
1.  duly  .{,  1711: 

Socuiid,  Ity  th)^  Oracoof  t.oil,  ofuri'iit  Kritain.  I  ranrA,  ainl  IrcUntl  Kinj{, 
Defender  of  th«  Kaith,  »Vc. 

and  well-hftot'i'd  livnnintj  W'vutworih,  eiiqr.,  ijrfetinii: 
^n  that  \vt>,  ri-|tOHiii|r  »'N)i«Mvial  tniHtand  fonlhl<>nc)«  in  tlicjtrndiMir*-,  ronrajjp, 
ujn||py  of  _\oii,  tlio  Hiiid  llfnninn  \^uul worth,  out  of  our  ««*iHicial  grai  • ,  n  rtain 


HorNDAUIKS    (»K    THK    INITKh    STATKS. 


[m  I.L.  171. 


I'A 


i 


kno'wledge,  and  mecr  motion,  have  thought  fit  to  oonHtitiitft  and  apiKiiut,  kikI  Ii.v 
thfite  prpw^nUi  do  oonHtitnte  and  kppoiut  you,  the  saiil  BtMiiiiiiK  Wttntworth,  t4i  li«  oin 
gnvenior  and  oomiii»nd«r-iH-cbief  of  our  province  of  N«*w  lluiii|mtiir«<,  witliin  nur  do 
minions  ofNew  EnglttHd  in  America,  bonnde<l  on  th«f  Hoiitli  Hide  l»y  a  NJmilar  cur>-<' 
line  punning  the  counu'  of  Merriuiac  River  at  three  mili'H  dlHliinei^  on  ilie  north  aidf 
thereof,  lieginnin;;  at  tho  Atlantiok  Ocean  and  ending  itt  n  point  diiu  north  of  »  p]n<'< 
calivd  Pautuoket  FallH,  and  liy  n  Htraight  line  drawn  froni  thonce  liue  went  croHMtli> 
miid  riv«<r  'till  it  nx^etH  with  our  other  Ooremmontfl.     •     *     • 

Oiven  ut  WliiUiball  July  the  :ird,  in  the  Ifith  y«!ar  of  Ilin  M-^i!Hty'n  rtiign. 

(See  Documentary  Hitttory  of  N.  York,  vol.  4,  page  :)3!.) 

The  quL'Htion  of  the  right  of  tt'rritory  v/hb  Hubmitted  to  thi*  Kiiii;,  wli«i 
in  1764  made  the  following  decnn): 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL  PIXINO  TIIK    noUNOAKY   HKTWRKN  NKW   YOIIK   ANU  NKW   IIAMI>- 

811  IKK. 

[L.  8.]  At  THK  (;()URT  AT  Ht.  .FaMKH, 

The'UUhiiaii  iifJuly,  WA. 

Prenent:  Tho  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty;  Lord  Hti^ward,  Karl  of  Hand  wicli, 
Karl  of  Halifax,  Karl  of  Towis,  Karl  of  llilnborougli,  Mr.  View  L'liundicrlain  Giil)*  it 
Kliot,  Knqr.,  Janifs  Onwald,  Ksqr.,  Karl  of  Harcourt. 

Whereas  thero  was  this  day  read  at  the  Hoard  a  report  made  hy  i\w  right  honoi;i- 
hie  the  lords  of  the  committee  of  council  for  plantation  affaiiH,  tlaUml  tin*  17th  of  tin- 
instant,  upon  considering  u  r«*pri's««ntation  from  the  lordHoommiNMioncrH  for  trifloai^l 
plantations,  relativt;  to  the  disputi^sthat  have  some  years  subsisted  Iietween  the  pri>\ 
inces  of  New  llunipsbire  and  New  York,  concerning  the  lioundary  line  iNitween  tlio-. 
provinces,  Mis  Majesty,  taking  the  same  into  consideration,  was  ))leas4Ml  with  the  :mI 
vice  of  bis  Privy  ('ouncil  to  approve  of  what  is  therein  proposed,  and  iloth  accordin^l) 
hereby  order  and  declare  the  western  banks  of  the  river  Connecticut,  from  when-  ii 
enters  the  province  of  the  MaMAchusetts  Day,  as  far  north  as  the  ibrty-riftli  degni'  of 
norlbeni  latitude,  to  be  the  boundary  liee  betwe«Mi  the  said  two  provinces  of  Niw 
Hampshire  and  New  York.  Whereof  the  n-spective  governors  and  commundiTH  in 
chief  of  Hia  Majesty's  said  provinces  of  New  Ham|>shir«;  and  New  York  for  I  lie  timr 
l»eing,  and  all  others  whom  U,  may  concern,  are  to  take  notice  of  HisMaJehtv'H  pleasure 
hereby  signilied  and  govern  tbenimdves  acconlingly. 

WM.  WLAIH 

{Vide  DcKJumnitary  IliHtory  of  New  York,  vol.  4,  p.  ,V)5.) 

NotwithHtandiiiK  IhJH  drcnde  of  the  King,  controversy,  attt'inU'd  with  j 
violence,  wjw  kept  np  for  many  yearH;  l)utthe  line  waH  tlnully  ai-cepted 
and  now  foriiiH  the  boundary  linebetween  theSt<at<*Nof  New  llauipsliiiv 
and  Vermont. 

The  northern  iKnindary  (»f  NewIIanipHliire  waa  Hcttled  by  the  Clniit-d 
Btat/eH  and  (}reut  Britain.    (  Vitle^.  IHet  »eq.) 

It  it*  an  followM,  viz: 

Commencing  at  the  "('rown  Monument,"  no  called,  at  the  intersection  of  theKl»l(|^ 
of  New  Ham|>shire,  k  '.iie,  and  the  Province  of  Quebec,  in  latitude  4r>-'   IH' 'M".S^ 
longitude  71*-'  W  40". &,  thence  In  iin  Irregular  line  to  iiairs  Htream,  thence  ilown  tiK 
name  (4>  tha  northeaaleru  comer  of  Vermont,  in  lali  itde 4.'i'-' 0'  17".riH,  longitude?!   ''H ^ 
M".b.     (  Hdi  Hltrh.  Ooology  nf  New  liuinpsbire.) 


iiANNrrT.l 


VKKMONT. 


51 


Nl>   NKW    IIAMP- 


VKKMONT. 

I'Ih  jjiMMfs  fmiii  Kin^  lluiiry,  of  Kiaiic«,  of  160.S,  and  King  James, 
ot  Kii^land,  of  I(((Mi,  both  initliuli'd  tliut  territory  which  foriuH  thti  pres 
lilt  State;  of  Vermont.  It.  wuh  uIho  inchnlcd  in  the  churttTof  New  En|; 
l:ill(i  of  1020. 

Ill  the  tyrants  to  tlie  Duke  «)f  Yorii,  in  l(>(i4  and  1074,  all  the  tenitory 
Itctweon  the  Conneeticnl  and  Delaware  KiverH  waH  inehnled.  New 
York,  therefore,  claimed  jnrisdieiion  of  the  territory  now  known  as 
N'trniont.  MaHMachuHetts,  h(«wever,  at  an  early  period,  having;  made 
claim  to  the  tract  we»t  of  the  ()(»nne(!ticiit  River,  now  a  portion  of  that 
State,  by  the  interpretation  of  her  charter,  claimed  the  greater  part  of 
the  mime  territory.  By  the  terniH  of  the  charter  of  MttHHachiiHettN  Bay, 
Of  1029,  that  colony  waN  ^'ranted  all  the  lands — 

Wliich  lyu  anil  he  within  tho  h|>iivo  o^TllnM^  KnKlinh  ui,vI«^h  to  th«  mtrtliwitnl  of  ibe 
•iiiiln  Hiv«r  ottUtHl  MuuoaiiMsk  uliiMt  Murryniavk,  or  to  Mi«)  norwHnl  of  any  and  tivery 
Part  11  tlioH'of. 

Under  thiN  clauHe  MaHHaehuHettH  Buy  claimed  that  her  jnrimliction 
t'Xletided  .i  milcH  north  of  the  farthcHt  part  of  the  M«>rrimae  Kiver, 
which  wonld  <'mbriUM.>  a  large  portion  of  New  Hampshire  and  V«'rmont. 
New  Ilamp8hire  ijonteNted  this  claim,  ami  afti*:  several  yearsN'ontro- 
vcrsy  waM  more  than  siiHlained  hy  a  deciHion  of  the  King  in  I74U.  New 
ll:tm]Mhire  in  her  turn  <rhiimed  the  territory  of  Vermont,  on  the  ground 
tliat  Ma^^sachuBettM  and  ('onnecticMt,  having  Ih'<>ii  allowed  to  ext4M)d 
their  houn<larieH  to  witliin  20  miles  of  the  Hudson  Kiver,  her  western 
houndary  should  go  etpially  as  far,  ami  <M>ntended  that  the  King^s  de- 
cree of  I74()  lelt>  that  fairly  to  he  inferred;  also,  that  the  old  chartt^rs  of 
10)14  and  1074  were  obsoh^te. 

By  a  decree  of  the  King,  however,  the  territory  west  of  tho  ('onnec- 
ti<Mit  River,  from  the  4r>th  parallel  of  north  latitude  to  the  Massachu- 
Hctts  line,  wtw  declared  tt>  belong  to  the  province  of  New  York.  (  Vide 
New  flampshire,  p.  50.) 

As  most  of  the  settlers  of  Vermont  were  from  New  Hampshire,  this 
(Iccision  of  the  King  eaus4>d  great  dissatisfacti(Ui,  and  the  Revolution 
tiMind  Vernu.ntthe  Hcene  of  con|]i<;tnig  claims,  and  the  tlitvitreof  violent 
acts,  (ailminating,  in  hoiiu>  instances,  in  actual  bloodshed. 

Oil  .laiiiiaty  !•'»,  1777,  Vermont  declared  herself  indepe  iidetit  and 
liiid  claim  to  the  t^^rritory  west  as  far  as  Hudson  River,  and  iVoni  its 
MHirce  north  to  the  internatiomil  boundary,  including  a  trai't  along  the 
west  shoi-e  of  La!u)  Champlain.  A  part  of  New  Hampshire,  alao,  at  une 
time,  sought  a  union  with  Vermont. 

Ill  17S1  MtMSiUihusettH  assented  to  her  independence.  She  adjusted 
her  ditlerenc«'s  with  New  Hampshire  in  1782,  but  eight  years  more 
passed  lM>fore  New  York  consented  ti>  her  lulmiHsiou  into  the  Union. 


IT 


62 


BorNDAiriKS    OK    TllK    I  NITKD    S'lATKS. 


[HI'I.I..  Kl 


i^ 


in  1791  Veriuuul  wum  admittod  as  an  ind(*pendpnt  Statr.  Imi  was  if 
quired  to  ivHtrict  iier  boiindarieH  m  their  prenerit  exttint. 

The  act  of  New  York,  of  March  0,  1790,  giving  her  coiiMMit  to  theiul 
misaiou  of  Vermont,  deflnen  her  boundarieH.  ( Vid«  Slutic's  V^ennoiit. 
p.  607.) 

The  northern  boundary  watt  nettled  by  the  T^nit<Ml  StuteH  and  (Jn'ui 
Britain  by  the  treaty  ot  WaHhington,  in  1842.     (  Vitle  p.  18.) 

The  eaHtern  iNMindary  iH  h)W-water  mark  on  the  weHt  liank  ol  lii. 
(.'onnecticut  River.    (  Vide  New  tlampMhirt^,  p.  iHK)  h 

The  Mouthern  boundary  wjm*  Mettled  by  the  decrwi  of  1740.     {Vidtf 
New  Hani]>Hliire,  p.  48.)  | 

The  line  between  Vermont  and  New  York  was  Hurveyt^l  and  niurkri' 
by  coniniiHsionerH  from  the  two  StateH  in  1814,  and  Ih  aH  I'oIIowm,  viz : 

Iie^itiiiii)){  lit  n  r**ii  or  Itlack  ouk  tree,  tlio  north wttHt  romur  nf  MnHMiiohuHiMlN,  ;iii< 
running  north  unt' MW  wcHt  aM  thi*  magnetic  n«<4Mll<t  )M»int«*«l  in   IhM,  r)4)chiiiiiH,  to  j 
Dion n men ter«H;t<-<l  for  tlic  Houthw«Ht  i-orn«*r  of  tho  8tat4^  of  V«irin»nt,  Ity  Hinilii  Thoiuj 
■on,  Biuiou  I)h  Witt,Mnil(>mtrgi*TilihittM,  couiniiHHionerH  on  the  part  of  Now  Yorli.ii.' 
Joiie|tb   H«M9Uiun,  Jr.,  lieniy  Clin,  anil  Jix'l  Pratt  nucontl,  coinuiiHaionerM  on  th««  pun  ' 
the  State  of  Vunnont,  which  monuiiiont  MtandM  on  Ihu  brow  of  a  high  hill,  ileH«MMiiln . 
to  the  wettt,  then  northerly  in  a  Htraight  line  to  u  point  which  iHdlHtantlUtliiiinM.oi,, 
ounnu*,  Huuth  ItTi  dcgreeN  WfHt,froni  the  nioNt  weHterly  comer  of  a  lot  of  lunil  iIIhih 
guiahed  in  the  recordHof  the  town  of  Pownul,  in  the  Htate  of  Vermont,  m*  the  till 
diviaion  of  the  right  of  Gamaliel  Wallace,  and  which,  in  the  year  1H14,  wan  o\mi> 
And  ociiiipitNl  by  Abraham  VoHbiirgh;  then  north  :i5  degre«<M  caMt  to  naid  cornel  iir 
•long  the  wexterly  bonndu  of  t«ai«l  lot,  30  chaina  to  a  place  on  the  weHterly  bunk 
Haaick  Uiver,  'A-liere  a  hemlock  tnMt  heretofore  atood,  uotiutnl  in  naid  reoordH  »«  it- 
moat  northerly  comer  uf  naid  lot ;  then  north  1  degree  and  'M  minniea  went,  0  cIhul- 
to  a  moniunent  erected  by  t\w  Haid  conimiHaionerH,  Htanding  on  the  weaterly  hIiIi 
Haaick  Uiver,  ou  the  north  aide  of  the  highway  leading  oat  of  H  iaick  into  I'owm 
•od  utmr  the  norlbwnaterly  (corner  of  the  bridge  onHwing  aaid  river;  then  north  i , 
degreea  and  2U  miniitea  eaat,  :iO  chaina,  through  the  bed  of  the  aaid  river,  to  n  hi( 
ronndiah   rock  on   the   nort heiw<t«rly   bank   thereof;   then   north  \i>>  degreea    .«•■ 
10  chainn  and  7U  linka;  thtMi  north  U  degn«oa  weat,  IH  chaina  and  (iltlinka,  t^i  a  .>iir 
oak  tree,  at  the  aonthweat  corner  of  the  land  ocunpitMl  in  1HI4  by  Thoniaa  Wil- 
then  north  U  degreea  eaal,  77  chaina  t«i  the  north  aide  of  a  highway,  where  it  i^  i 
by  a  Ktnce  dividing  the  poaaeaaion  of  aaid  Thoniaa  Wilaey,  Jr.,  and  Kiiiery  ilnnt  ;  il- 
north  Hi  degreea  eaat,  (i  chuina  ;  then  aouth  (MS  degr««ea  eaat,  20  chaina  and  '^fi  lin) 
then  north  9  degrttea  eaat,  '4!7  chaina  and  r)0  linka  to  a  blue-alatif  atone,  ancient  l>  • 
up  for  the  aunthweat  corner  of  Bennington  ;  then  north  7  degreea  and  iPJ  miniitrni.r 
40  milea  4',\  chaina  and  .M)  linka  to  a  bunch  of  hornbeam  aaplinga  on  the  aouth  liaui 
Poultney  River,  the  noithemmoNt  of  which  waa  marki^l  by  aaid  liiat-mentioiii'<l  r  : 
niiaaionera,  and  frouk  which  a  large  butternut  tree  beam  north  70  degreea  nv'hi 
linka,  a  large  hard  iiiaiJe  tree,  aouth  '2  (^haina  and  Ni  linka,  and  a  white  itah  in 
the  north  aide  of  aaid  river,  north  77  degitiea  eaat. 

Which  aaid  mwerat  linea  from  the  nionuiiient  erected  for  the  miuthweat  coriic 
the  State  of  Vermont  were  eutabliahed  by  aaid  liw«t -mentioned  coinmiaaioiieiN,  < 
were  run  by  them,  iia  the  magnetic  needle  pointetl,  in  the  year  1^114,  then  down 
aaid  Poultney  River,  through  tht>  dtM-peat  channel  theiaof  to  Kaat  Hay;  then  tlip' 
the  midtlle  uf  the  deepeat  channel  of  Kuat  Bay  and  tlie  watera  thertMif  to  wlim  ' 
■ame  commanicate  with  Lake  (Jhamplain  ;  then  through  the  deepeat  channel  <'i  I 
Champlain  to  the  eaatward  of  the  ialaiida  culled  the  Four  Brothera,  und  the  wc!<(»» 
of  the  ialanda  oalled  the  Oraod  lale  and  Long  lale,  or  the  Two  Ueroea,  aud  to  th»  »« 


[Bll.l..  1^1 

itv,  l»ni  was  le 

I. 

nMMit  to  the  Jul 

ImU-'rt  Vermont, 

tiites  ami  (>n*t 
..  IH.) 

of   1740.     {yidt] 
iiH  I'ollowH,  vix : 

,n«,  |,y  Smith  ThoMii 
art  of  N.1W  York.  .' 
HlunrTH  «>nth»'  jm" 
bi«h»»ill,  tlwfi'i.i. 

dlHUntlOrliHiii".' 
,f  alolof  lun«l  tti'^ii 
Voniiont,  m<  Uu'  lit' 

yclir  IH14,  w*"'"''" 
.ftHt  to  Httlrt  troriuM  1.1 
,  tho  w«tit«rl.v  biiiilv 
in  Httia  rt<c«»r«U  iik  '1 
iiiimiWM  wo**''  «'<•''"' 
im  the  w«Bt«'rly  Hi.i' 

i,f  HwicW '«•"•*'"""" 
ill  rlv«ir;  tli.-u  iw.nli 
lio  Huid  river,  to  h  lut; 
lortli  yr.  (logrfCM    .V-- 
iiHl  COlinkH,  t4.  a 
Hl4  \,y  Thoii.iMiNVil"'" 
,iKliway.  wh.T.'Hi-'^ 
,  ftu.i  Kinory  Hunt  . ''" 
2(5  chaiim  auA  'itt  liu^' 
ilrtU*  HtoiHS  umi«'ii<ly» 
n'««HiM>«l  :H)  mimil'«"" 

i„KH  <>»  «!'«  """"'  *""'^ 
Httid  liw»t-in««iti«»ii<«l  <  t 

L.rtb  7(t  aegriMiH  v^-' 

and  a  whit «  u«l»  <•" 

,r  the  southwest  «orii.' 
toned  coniniiHHioini".  • 
year  IHU,  thond<««n 
o  Kant  Bay;  then  tl,p 
uterH  thorw.f  to  wli'  " 
w  deepeHt  channel  -i  I 
IrothetH,  iiuatUew.f<t^' 
vuU«ro«.,»udtotb«' '" 


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VERMONT MASSACHFRETTS. 


f)S 


wuril  of  the  Isle  La  Motte  to  the  line  in  the  45th  degree  of  uorth  latitade,  established 
by  treaty  for  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  Dominions. 
(See  Revised  Statutes  of  New  York,  Baulks  &  Brothers,  sixth  edition,  Vol.  I,  pp. 

This  liue  was  changed  iu  1876  by  a  cession  of  a  small  territory  from 
V^ermout  to  New  York,  described  as  follows,  viz  : 

All  that  portiou  of  the  town  of  Fairhaven,  iu  the  county  of  Rutland,  and  State  of 
Vciiiioiit,  lying  westerly  from  the  middle  of  the  deepest  channel  of  Poultuey  River 
■AH  it  now  ruus,  and  between  the  middle  of  the  deepest  channel  of  said  river  and  the 
west  line  of  the  State  of  Vermont  as  at  present  established.  (Ratified  by  Congress 
April  7,  1880.) 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


The  territory  of  Massachusetts  was  included  in  tlie  first  charter  of 
Virginia,  granted  in  1606,  {Vide  Virginia  p.,  94)  and  iu  the  charter  of 
Now  England,  granted  in  1620,  ( Vide  Maine  p.  30.) 

In  1628  the  council  of  Plymouth  made  a  grant  to  the  governor  and 
company  of  Massachusetts  Bay  iu  New  England,  which  was  confirmed 
by  the  King,  and  a  charter  was  granted  in  1629,  of  which  the  following 
iue  extracts : 

'  *  *  Nowe  Knowe  Yee,  that  Wee  »  *  *  have  given  and  granted  »  *  * 
all  that  Parte  of  Newe  England  in  Amirica  which  lyes  and  extends  betwetue  a  great 
River  there  commoulio  called  Monomack  River,  alias  Merrimack  River,  and  a  certeu 
other  River  there,  called  Charles  River,  being  in  thd  Bottome  of  a  certen  Bay  there, 
uouioulie  called  Massachusetts  alias  Mattachusetts,  alias  Massatnsetts  Bay,  and  also 
all  and  singular  those  Landes  and  Hereditament  whatsoever,  lying  within  the  Space 
of  Three  EnglisheMyleson  the  South  Parte  of  the  said  River  called  Charles  River,  or 
of  any  or  every  Parte  tiiereof.  And  also  all  and  singuler  the  Landes  and  Heredita- 
ments whatsoever,  lying  and  being  with  the  epace  of  Three  Euglisbe  Miles  to  the 
southward  of  the  sou thermost  Parte  of  the  said  Baye,  called  Massachusetts,  alias  Matta- 
chusetts, alias  Massatnsetts  Bay — and  also  all  thosB  Lands  and  Hereditaments  what- 
Koever,  which  lye  and  bo  within  the  space  of  Three  English  Myle»  to  the  Northward 
of  the  saide  River,  called  Monomack,  alias  Merrymack,  or  to  the  Norward  of  any  and 
every  Parte  thereof  and  all  Landes  and  Hereditaments  whatsoever,  lyeing  within  the 
Lymitts  aforesaide,  North  and  South,  in  Latitude  and  Bredth,  and  in  Length  and 
Longitude,  of  and  within  all  the  Bredth  aforesaide,  throughout  the  Mayne  Landes  there 
from  the  Atlantick  and  Westerne  Sea  and  Ocean  on  the  East  Parte,  to  the  South  Sea 
ou  the  West  Parte. 

'  *  •  Provided  alwayes,  That  yf  the  said  Landes  •  »  •  were  at  the  tyuie  of 
the  grauntiug  of  the  saide  former  Letters  patents,  dated  the  Third  Day  of  November, 
ill  (he  Eighteenth  j eare  of  oursaid  deare  Fathers  Raigne  aforesaide,  actuallie possessed 
or  iiiliiibited  by  any  other  Christian  Prince  of  State,  or  were  within  the  Bounden 
liMiiittsor  Territories  of  that  Southern  Colony,  then  before  graun ted  by  our  saide 
late  Father  »  »  »  That  then  this  present  Graunt  shall  not  extend  to  any  such 
partes  or  parcells  thereof  •  »  •  but  as  to  those  partes  or  parcells  *  •  *  whal 
be  vtierlie  voyd,  theis  presents  or  any  Thinge  therein  couteyued  to  the  contrarie  not- 
wiHtauding     •     *     • 

The  charter  of  New  England  was  surrendered  to  the  King  in  1635. 
i(Ftd«  Plymouth  Oolony  Laws,  p.  333.) 


\ 


The  cliarter  of  1629  was  canceled  by  a  judgmeut  of  the  hiyli  cirnvt 
.  f  chaucery  of  England,  June  18, 1684.    { Vide  C.  &  C,  p.  942.) 

In  the  year  1686,  Pemaquid  and  its  dependencies  were  annexed  to  tbe 
New  England  government.    ( Vide  Maine,  p.  40.) 

In  1691  a  new  charter  was  granted  to  Massachusetts  Bay,  which  in 
eluded  Plymouth  Colony  and  the  Provinces  of  Maine  and  Nova  Scotia. 
The  following  are  extracts  from  this  charter: 

*  *  •  Wee  •  •  •  do  will  and  ordeyne  that  the  Territories  and  CoUonyes 
Commonly  called  or  Known  by  the  names  of  the  CoUony  of  the  Massachusetts  l{u) 
and  CoUony  of  New  Plymouth  the  Province  of  Main  the  Territorie  called  Accadiaor 
Nova  Scotia  and  all  that  tract  of  Land  lying  betweene  the  said  Territories  of  Nova 
Scotia  and  the  said  Province  of  Main  be  erected  Vnited  and  Incorporated  *  *  * 
into  one  reall  Province  by  the  Name  of  Our  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  Nev 
England.    •    •    • 

All  that  parte  of  New  England  in  America  lying  and  extending  from  the  greate 
River  comunly  called  Monomack  als  Merrimack  on  the  Northpart  and  from  three  Miles 
Northward  of  the  said  River  to  the  Atlantick  or  Western  Sea  or  Ocean  on  the  South 
part  And  all  the  Lands  and  Hereditaments  whatsoever  lying  within  the  limitts  afore- 
said and  extending  as  farr  as  the  Outermost  Points  or  Promontories  of  Laud  called 
Cape  Cod  and  Cape  Mallabar  North  and  South  and  in  Latitude  Breadth  and  in 
Length  and  Longitude  of  and  within   all  the  Breadth   and  Compass  afort'suid 
hroughont  the  Main  Land  there  from  the  said  Atlantick  or  Western  Sea  and  Oci'au 
on  the  East  parte  towards  the  South  Sea  or  Westward  as  far  as  Our  CoUonyes  of 
Rhode  Island  Conuecticutt  and  the  Narragansett  Coontrey  all  alsoe  all  that  ])ari 
or  porCou  of  Main  Land  beginning  at  the  Entrance  of  Pescataway  Harbour  and  s(i< 
to  pass  vpp  the  same  into  the  River  Newickewannook  and  through  the  same  int' 
the  furthest  head  thereof  and  from  thence  Northwestward  till  One  Hundred  am: 
Twenty  miles  be  famished  and  from  Pisoataway  Hai'bour  mouth  aforesid  North-Easi 
ward  along  the  Sea  Coast  to  Sagadehook  and  frora  the  Period  of  One  Hundred  ami 
Twenty  Miles  aforesaid  to  orosse  over  Land  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty  Miles  Ik 
fore  reckoned  up  into  the  Land  from  Pisoataway  Harbour  through  Newickawannucl: 
River  and  alsoe  the  North  halfe  of  the  Isles  and  Shoales  togather  with  the  Isles  of  Cai> 
pawock  and  Nantukett  near  Cape  Cod  aibresbid  and  alsoe  [all]  Lands  and  Heredita- 
ments lying  and  being  in  the  Countrey  and  Territory  coiTionly  called  Accadia  or  Nova 
Scotia  And  all  those  Lands  and  Hereditaments  lying  and  extending  betweene  the  mi 
Conntrey  or  Territory  of  Nova  Scotia  and  the  said  River  of  Sagadahock  or  any  iiai; 
t'lereof  And  all  Lands  Grounds  Placea  Soiles  Woods  and  Wood  grounds  Havens  Purtt 
Rivers  Waters  and  other  Hereditaments  and  premisses  whatsoever,  lying  within  tiit 
said  bounds  and  limitts  aforesaid  and  every  part  and  paroell  thereof  and  alsue  ;il 
Islands  and  Isletts  lying  within  tenn  Leagues  directly  opposite  to  the  Main  Liiui 
within  the  said  bounds.    *    *    * 

(For  an  account  of  the  settlement  of  the  boundary  between  the  Di.* 
trict  of  Maine,  formerly  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  see  Maine,  p.  41.) 

The  present  northern  boundary  of  Massachusetts  was  settled  in  1741 
(For  history,  see  N'<)w  Hampshire,  p.  48.) 

The  boundary  line  between  Massachusetcs  and  Ehode  Island  was  tu 
more  than  two  hundred  years  a  question  of  dispute,  and  was,  in  isoiffi 
respects,  the  most  remarkable  boundary  case  with  which  this  coniiti: 
has  had  to  do.  Twice  the  case  went  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uuit«> 
States,  and  in  one  of  these  suits  Daniel  Webster  and  Bufus  Ohoate  wer 
eini>loyed  as  counsel  for  MassachiiRPtts. 


laANNETT.] 


MASSArilT^SKTTS. 


56 


As  early  as  J 642  the  line  between  the  two  colonies  was  marked  in 

)art  by  I^iathaniel  Woodward  and  Solomon  Saffrey,  who  set  up  on  the 

)lain  of  Wrentham  a  stake  as  the  commencement  of  the  line  between 

[assachusetts  Bay  and  Rhode  Island.    This  stake  was  by  them  sup- 

)osed  10  mark  a  point  3  miles  south  of  the  Charles  River. 

The  report  of  these  commissioners  has  not  been  found,  but  frequent 
jference  is  made  to  their  survey  in  the  record  of  the  subsequent  con- 
troversies and  litigations. 

In  1710-'ll  commissioners  appointed  from  Massachusetts  and  Rhode 
sland  agreed  upon  the  north  line  of  Rhode  Island.  The  action  of  the 
)mmis8ioner8  was  approved  by  the  legislatures  of  both  colonies. 

The  agreement  was  as  follows,  viz : 

That  the  stako  sot  up  by  Nathaniu  Woodward  and  Solomon  Saffrey,  skillful,  ap- 
proved artiuts,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1642,  and  since  that  often  renewed  in  the  lati- 
oide  of  41°  55',  being  3  English  miles  distant  southward  from  the  southernmost 
irt  of  the  river  called  Charles  River,  agreeable  to  the  letters  patent  for  the  Massa- 
Ibnsotts  Province,  be  accounted  and  allowed  on  both  sides  the  commencement  of  th<« 
{inn  botwotiu  the  Massachusetts  and  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  from  which  said  stake 
11^  dividing  line  shall  run,  so  as  it  may  (at  Conneoticnt  River)  be  2^  miles  to  the 
Buthward  of  a  due  west  line,  allowing  the  variation  of  the  compass  to  be  9"^ ;  which 
Hid  line  shall  forever,  &o.    (  Vide  Howard's  Reports,  8.  C,  Vol,  4,  p.  631,  et  ««g.) 

In  1719  this  line  was  run  by  commissioners  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
absequent  investigation  has  shown  that  this  line  was  run  in  a  very 
^regular  manner.    ( Vide  R.  I.  Acts,  May,  1867,  page  6,  et  seq.) 

The  line  between  Massachusetts  and  the  eastern  part  of  Rhode  Island 
^as  fixed  by  commissioners  in  1741,  from  the  decision  of  whom  the  col- 
ly  of  Rhode  Island  appealed  to  the  King,  who,  in  the  year  1746,  affirmed 
leir  decision  by  a  royal  decree. 

The  following  is  a  record  of  the  proceedings  in  council,  together  with 
j^e  royal  decree. 

rConnnll  OflBce.    Council  Register.    Geo.  II,  No.  8,  p.  204.] 

At  thk  Court  at  Kensinqtok 

Uie)i9th  day  of  July  17i2. 
Bsent.    The  Kings  Most  Excellent  Majesty,  Archbp"^  of  Canturbury,  Eari  of  Pem- 
oke.  Lord  Piosident  Earl  of  Winchelsea,  Lord  Privy  Seal  Earl  of  Grantham,  Duke 
[Bolton,  Earl  of  Cholmondolly,  Duke  of  Rutland,  Earl  of  Wilmington,  Marq*  1 1 
reedale,  Earl  of  Bath,  Visoo*  Lonsdale,  Mr.  Chancellor  of  the  Exche",  Lord  Dela- 
te, Sr  Charles  Wager,  Lord  BatLurst,  Sr.  William  Younge,  Lord  Monsoro,  8r  Johi: 
rris,  Mr  Speaker  Thomas  Winnington  Esq.,  Mr.  Vice  Chamberlin,  George  Wade 

Jpon  reading  this  day  at  the  board  the  hnuible  Petetion  and  appeale  of  the  Gov- 

|ior  and  company  of  the  English  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  in 

England  vi  America  fh>m  several  particular  parts  of  the  determination  of  the 

imissioners  appointed  by  his  M%Je8ty  to  settle  the  Boundary's  of  the  said  colony 

■twards  with  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  humbly  praying  that  a  day 

be  appointed  for  hearing  said  appeal,  and  that  the  particalar  parts  of  the  said 

UBsioners  determination  appealed  from  may  be  reyeradd,  and  such  other  deter- 


-iffmmm 


Hr«aimii 


} 


5G 


BOUNDAKIES    OK    THK    [INITKD    STATES. 


[Bii.i.  i; 


■    i 


m 


iiiintitioQ  made  insteud  thereof  as  shall  be  agreeable  to  the  true  coiistrtictiuu  of  the 
Bomularya  coutaincd  in  the  Koyal  CharttT  iiiidcr  which  the  Pet ioiuTH  claim,  It  ij 
ordered  by  hin  Majesty  in  Council  that  the  Haid  P«'tition  and  appeal  (a  copy  whereof  I 
is  hereunto  annexed).     Be  and  it  is  hereby  referred  to  the  Right  Honorable  the  Lord! 
of  the  committee  of  uouncil  for  hearing  appeals  from  the  Plantatioim  to  hear  the  name, 
and  report  their  opinion  thereupon  to  his  Majesty  at  the  Board. 
A  true  copy. 

I.  B.  LENNARD. 

Collated  with  the  original  entry  in  the  Council  Register,  18  Jau'y,  1815. 

ROBT.  LEMON. 

ICoonoil  Office.    Council  Register.    Geo.  n,  No.  8  p.  235.  | 

At  the  Court  of  Kkjnsinoton, 

the  Uith  day  of  Sept.  17A'1 

Present,  The  KingH  most  Excellent  Majesty  Arclibp  of  Cantiirbnry,  Lord  D<lui;i[| 

Lord  Chancellor,  Mr  Vice  Chamborliu,  Diike  of  Richmond,  Mr.  Cliancfllor  of  the  V\ 

chequ(*r,  Duk-    of  Newcastle,  Harry  Pelham  Eh<|.  Earl  *»f  Wlnchelsea,  Thom  «»  Wn 

uingtou  Esq  Earl  of  Wilmington  George  Wade  E8<|.  Lord  Cartaret. 

Upon  reading  this  day  at  the  Boiird  the  hnmblt- Petition  and  appeale  of  HIn  M. 

jesty's  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England  from  the  determiuati 

of  the  commissioners  appointed  by  His  Majesty  ti»  settle  the  Boundary  of  the  Cold 

of  Rhode  Island  Eastwards,  with  the  saicl  piovin(!e  of  Massachusetts  Bay  and  liii: 

biy  praying  that  a  day  may  be  appointed  for  hearing  the  said  appeale  and  that  n 

determination  of  the  said  commissioners  may  be  reversed,  and  such  other  deteriiiini 

tion  made  instead  thereof  as  shall  be  agreeable  to  the  pt  tioners  claim  exhiljitil 

l»efore  the  said  commissioners— It  is  ordered  by  his  Majesty  in  council  that  thi;  8ai(| 

ptUition  and  appeale  (acopy  whereof  is  hereunto  annexed)  Be  and  it  i.s  hereby  referrn 

t()  the  Right  Honorable  the  Lords  of  the  (lommitfee  in  council  for  hearing  appeal 

from  the  Plantations  to  hear  the  same  and  report  their  opinion  ther<;npoti  to  His  JIaJ 

jesty  at  the  Board. 

A  true  copy. 

I.  B.  LENNAKD, 

Collated  with  the  original  entry  in  the  Council  Registry,  18  of  Jan'y,  IS^"}. 

"  .  ;     .  ROBT.  LEMON. 

lOnlerpd  in  ('ouucil,  dated  28th  Mny,  174G.    Cotincil  oflBce.    Connril  Registor.    Geo.  II,  No.  10,  p.4 

At  the  Coukt  of  Kknsinoton, 

the  'JSih  dun  of  Mail  1740, 

Present  the  Kings  Most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council 

Upon  reading  at  the  Board  a  Report  from  the  Right  Honourable  tlu;  Lord  oft 
committee  of  council  for  hearing  appeals  from  the  Plantations  dated  the  11th  <>i' 
i^ember  1744  in  the  words  following  vizt. 

Your  Majesty  having  been  pleased  by  Your  Order  in  council  of  the  29th  of  July  T^ 
to  refer  unto  this  committee  the  hnmble  petition  and  appeale  of  the  Governor 
company  of  the  English  Colony  of  Bhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  in  Ne| 
England  in  America,  from  several  particular  parts  of  the  determination  of  the  coi 
missioners  appointed  by  your  Majesty  to  settle  the  Boundarys  of  said  colony  eastwa 
with  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  and  humbly  praying  that  the  particular  pai 
of  the  said  commissioners  determination  appealed  from  may  be  reversed,  and  sai 
other  determiuations  made  instead  thereof,  as  shall  be  agreeable  to  the  true  conNtn 
tion  of  the  Boundarys  continued  in  the  Royal  Charter  under  which  the  petititi 
claim — and  your  Majesty  having  been  also  pleased  1  y  another  order  in  couucilj 
the  15th  of  September  1742,  to  refer  unto  khis  committee,  the  humble  Petition  au(l| 
peal  of  your  Mi^esty'a  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England  partcj 


„  ANN  KIT.  J 


MASSACHLISKTTS. 


67 


B.  LENNAIID. 


I.  B.  LENNARB. 


Geo.  11,  No.lO,p.ai 


the  Haid  deteruiiuationof  the  said  coniniiasionevs,  and  humbly  prayiug  that  the  saina 
limy  lie  rtverBed  and  set  aside  aud  that  instead  then-of  Yonr  Majesty  will  be  gra- 
ciously jileaHod  to  give  anch  judgement  aud  detciminatiuuH  as  shall  be  agreeable  tu 
the  |Mtitiouers  claim  exhibited  before  the  said  commisHiouers.  The  Lords  of  the 
coimiiittee  in  obedience  to  your  Majesty's  said  orders  of  Reference,  have  met  several 
tiiiit-H,  iiiul  taken  both  the  said  Petitions  of  Appeale  into  their  consideration,  and  hav- 
iu<i  t  xauiiued  into  the  Proceedings  of  the  said  commissioners,  do  find  that  they  pro- 
nounced their  judgements  or  determination  on  the  30th  of  June  1741  in  the  words  fol- 
lowin;,': 

Tlic  court  took  into  consideration,  the  charters,  Deeds  and  other  Evidences,  Claims 
Ipifiis  uud  allegations  prodaced  and  made  by  party  refering  to  the  controversy  before 
\t\wu\  und  after  mature  advisement,  came  to  the  following  Besolutions:  That  there 
lis  not  any  one  Evidence  proving  that  the  Water  between  the  Main  Laud  on  the  East, 
[and  Rhode  Island  on  the  West,  was  ever  at  any  time  called  Naragausett  Hirer, 
that  though  there  be  evidence  that  the  place  where  the  Indian  called  King  Philip 
iie;ir  Bristol,  was  called  Pawcouoket,  aud  that  another  place  near  Swanzey 
iras  I'ttlled  Sowams  or  Sowamsett,  yet  no  evidence  has  been  produced  of  the  extent  of 
till'  Pawcf)mtket  country  to  Seaconk,  or  Pawtucket  River,  as  it  runs  to  the  line  of  the 
(aif  (.'olouy  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  for  tho'  there  bo  some  evidence  that  the  lu- 
liiinM  at  enmity  with  King  Philip,  or  with  other  Indians  iu  enmity  with  him,  lived 
)n  111"  west  side  of  the  said  River,  aud  that  the  Indians  subject  to  King  Philip,  or  iu 
^niiiy  with  him,  lived  on  the  East  side  of  the  said  River  there  is  no  Evidence  that 
lithe  Indians  subject  to,  or  in  amity  with  King  Philip,  lived  iu  tho  Pawcouoket 
Jouni  I  y.   That  the  Province  not  having  produced  the  Letters  Patent,  constituting  tho 
)iui(il  of  Plymouth,  nor  any  copy  thereof,  the  Recital  of  said  Letters  Patent  in  the 
let'd  liom  the  council  of  Plymouth,  to  Bradford  and  his  associates,  is  not  sufficient 
idi  nee  aj^ainst  the  KingaChar'T.     That  the  council  of  Plymouth  being  a  Corpora- 
ion,  (duld  uot  create  another  coi^  >ratiou,  aud  that  no  Jurisdiction  within  the  Kings 
oiiiinious  in  America  can  be  heh.  by  Prescription  or  on  the  Foot  of  Prescription. 
Ill  I  lie  determination  of  the  bouudaiys  of  the  colony's  of  Rhode  Island  and  New 
iMiiouih  by  tho  Kings  Commissioners  in  th*' year  1664  appear  to  have  been  only  a  tem- 
Hjiiy  order  for  preserving  the  Peace  on  the  Borders  of  both  Colouys  without  deter- 
|iniiig  t  he  Rights  and  Titles  of  either.     Upon  the  whole  nothiug  appears  whereby  the 
)l(;iy  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  plantations  can  be  barred  or  hindered  from  ex- 
iding  Iheir  Jurisdiction  Eastward  towards  the  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
|coiiling  to  the  true  intents  aud  meaning  of  their  charter.    But  some  dispute  having 
Ihih  lietvveeu  the  Partys  as  to  the  true  construction  and  meaning  thereof,  the  court 
lot' opinion,  That  the  Narragansett  Bay  is  and  extendeth  itself  from  Point  Judith  in 
p  west  to  Seaconet  Point  on  the  East  and  including  the  xslauds  therein,  layeth  and 
iideth  itself  unto  the  mouth  of  the  River  which  runnith  towards  the  town  of 
)viili'iice  and  that  as  it  su  lies  or  extends,  it  has  and  may  be  considered  as  having 
F.asieru  Side  at  the  Eastern  coast  of  .the  said  Bay  runs  up  northerly  from  Seoonets 
lit, —uud  one  other  North  Eastern  Side  from  near  Mount  Hope  to  Bullocks  Neck, 
Hif  Miiid  Bay  runs  up  North  Westerly  towards  the  Town  of  Providence  and  that 
land  adjacent  to  the  said  North  Eastern  and  Eastern  Coasts  and  including  wii<hin 
following  lines  and  the  said  Bay  are  within  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Colony  of 
»d(i  Island  ;  Vizt  on  the  North  East  side  of  the  said  Bay — one  line  running  from 
south  west  corner  of  Bullocks  Neck,  Northeast  three  Miles.    One  other  line  run- 
IVom  the  Northeast  extremity  of  the  said  line  until  it  be  terminated  by  a  line 
miles  Northeast  from  tho  northeastemmost  part  of  the  Bay  on  the  west  side  of 
»«ti(;k  Neck,  and  one  ether  line  from  the  termination  of  the  west  line  to  the  Bay 
near  Towoset  Neck,  running  so  that  it  touch  the  North  East  extremity  of  a  line 
|ing  three  miles  North  East  from  the  North  East  comer  of  Bristol  Harbour,  jiiid 
le  Eastern  side  of  the  said  Bay ;  One  line  from  a  certain  point  on  the  Eastern 
bf  the  said  Bay  opposite  to  th.e  southernmost  part  of  the  Shawmuts  Neok,  uid 


iji  ii 

I!  r 


< 


68 


BOUNDARIKS    OK    THE    t^NITED    STATKS. 


rni'ii..]:; 


four  hundred  aud  forty  Ro<la  to  the  Southwards  of  thu  Mouth  of  Full  liivor  runninJ 
£a8t  three  miles ;  One  other  line  running  from  the  EasternmoBt  extremity  of  tlif  sail 
line  till  it  be  terminated  by  the  Eaaternmost  end  of  a  line  three  miloH  East  from  the  £a<t  I 
emmost  part  of  a  cove  in  the  said  Bay  which  is  to  the  southward  of  Nawquaket  &m 
one  other  line  from  the  termination  of  the  last  line  to  the  sea,  running  on  such  count} 
as  to  be  three  miles  East  f^om  the  Easternmost  part  of  the  Bay  adjoining  to  Scitckl 
west  on  Rhode  Island,  and  that  the  said  Dismnces  of  three  miles  East  and  Nortbeasit 
are  to  l>e  met^sured  from  high  Water  Mark,  »nd  this  court  doth  hereby  settle,  tidjiu;! 
and  determine,  that  the  Eastern  Boundary  of  the  said  Colony  of  Rhode  Islaml  m: 
Frovidence  Plantntions,  towards  the  MasHaohusetts  Bay,  is,  shall  be  and  runs  in. 
a  certain  Pointe  (where  a  Meridian  line  passing  through  Pawtnckets  FallH,  cuij 
the  South  Boundary  of  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay),  south  to  Pawtucketl 
l-'alls.  Then  southerly  along  the  eastward  side  of  Seaconk  River,  and  the  HlTtj 
which  runnith  towards  the  Town  of  Providence,  to  the  Southwest  comer  of  Bullock! 
Neck,  then  Northeast  three  miles ;  and  then  along  the  aforesaid  lines  running  at  th 
miles  distance  from  the  Easternmost  parts  of  the  said  Bay  to  the  said  Bay,  at  or  net 
Towoset  Neck.    Then  as  the  said  Bay  runs  to  the  southernmost  point  of  Shawsioi 
Neck,  and  then  in  a  straight  line  to  the  aforesaid  point  opposite  to  the  said  Neclj 
Then  East  three  miles  and  then  along  the  aforesaid  lines,  running  at  three  miles  c 
tance  from  the  Easternmost  parts  of  the  said  Bay,  to  the  sea.    All  which  lineu  ureij 
be  run  by  making  the  proper  allowance  for  the  variation  of  the  Magnetic  Needle  fni 
the  Meridian.    And  for  the  better  understanding  of  the  description  of  the  lines  liefnj 
mentioned;  the  Court  hath  caused  the  Boundary  lines  of  the  lands  adjacent  tutit 
said  most  eastern  and  Northeastern  points  of  the  Said  Bay,  to  be  delineated  on  i 
Map  or  Plan  of  the  said  Bay  and  countries  adjacent  now  in  court,  and  the  saniei 
distinguished  on  the  said  Map  or  Plan,  by  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H. 

The  Lord  of  the  Committee  having  considered  the  whole  matter  and  heard 
partys  concerned  therein  by  their  Council  learned  in  the  Law,  Do  agree  huin1>lr| 
report  to  your  Majesty  as  their  opinion.  That  the  said  Judgment  or  detorminatiuul 
the  said  Commissioners  should  be  affirmed,  and  both  the  Petitions  of  Appeal  thdj 
from  dismissed. 

His  Majesty  this  day  took  the  said  Report  into  consideration  and  was  pleased  < 
the  advice  of  the  Privy  Council  to  approve  thereof,  and  to  order,  that  the  said  Jii{| 
ment  or  Determination  of  the  said  Commmissioners,  Be,  and  it  is  hereby  Affirmed  i 
both  the  said  Petitions  of  Appeal  therefrom'  dismissed. 

Whereof  the  Governor  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  His  Majesty's  Province  of  i| 
Massachusetts  Bay,  The  Governor  and  Coa<pany  of  the  colony  of  Rhode  Islaudi 
Providence  Plantations  for  the  time  being,  and  all  others  whom  it  may  concern, i 
to  take  notice  and  govern  themselves  accordingly. 

A  true  Copy. 

I  B  LENNARDI 

Colated  with  the  Original  entry  in  the  Council  Register,  18  January,  1745. 

ROBT  LEMOq 

Under  the  foregoing  decree  the  line  was  run  by  commissioners  \ 

pointed  for  the  purpose,  whose  report  was  as  follows,  viz : 

We,  the  subscribers,  appointed  commlBsioners  by  the  general  assembly  of  the  colj 
aforesaid,  to  mark  out  the  bounds  of  said  colony  eastward  towards  the  proviit 
Massachusetts  Bay,  agreeable  to  His  Majesty's  royal  determination  in  counciLj 
28th  day  of  May,  1746,  did  in  pursuance  thereof,  on  the  second  day  of  Decembfll 
past,  meet  at  Pawtucket  Falls,  in  expectation  of  meeting  with  uommiBsionenf 
might  be  appointed  by  the  province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  for  the  purpose  i 
said ;  and  after  having  there  tarried  till  the  afterpart  of  said  day,  and  no  cod^ 
■loners  in  behalf  of  the  said  province  appearing,  we  proceeded  to  run  a  due  norl 


all  Kivor  rumiinl 
iremity  of  tlitsakl 
Sast  from  the  East! 
)f  Nftwquakeit  anti 
ag  on  such  coune,! 
{oining  to  Scitckl 
aet  and  Nortbeaul 
sreby  settle,  adjnil 
Rhode  Island  at! 
[  be  and  runs  fn 
tuckets  FallH,  cum 
ath  to  PftWtucketj 
fer,  and  the  Riva 
;  comer  of  Bulloclr| 
aes  running  atthn 
said  Bay,  atornei 
point  of  Shaw  mDl 
te  to  the  said  NmB 
ig  at  three  miles  d 
.11  which  lines  imi 
lagnetic  Needle  M 
onofthclinesltefd 
inds  adjacent  tuti! 
be  delineated  on  tl 
irt,  and  the  sanies 

natter  and  heiui 

Do  agree  huml>ly| 

^t  or  detorminatioul 

ions  of  Appeal  tW 

and  was  pleased ' 
jr,  that  the  said  Jn^ 
is  hereby  Afflnnedi 

Oesty's  Province  of  I 
y  of  Rhode  Islaudd 
om  it  may  concern,  j 


J  commissioners! 

m,  viz : 

a  assembly  of  the  coi 
towards  the  proviwl 
aiination  in  councilj 
ad  day  of  Decembei  I 
Tith  commissionenf 
ky,  for  the  purpose  (J 

iaid  day,  and  no  cod 
edtorunaduenoit 


N3HJ.N3UAA^.    OUOailllV  HIUON 


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INNKTT. 


MASSACHrSKTTS. 


50 


tun  I'nwtiickct  FailH  tu  tlio  Hoiith  lioiiudiiry  of  th«)  ufoivttaiil  province  of  the  Mossn- 

iiiNi'ttN  Buy,  ill  iiiaiiiu^r  following,  viz:  Froui  n  certuin  itoint  on  tlu^  Hoiitliorii  side  of 

lawtiicktt  FiiIIh,  wlicrowe  erected  u  monument  of  HtoncH,  witliiiMfaketliereoii,  wo  run 

]iiiiTi<liiiii  line  wiiicb directly  paHHedthrou^li  Hiiid  fulJN,  to  ti  walnut  tree  on  tlie  iiorth- 

Hy  Hide  of  Huid  fulls;  then  to  a  ]>itcli  pine  tree  ;  then  to  a  Hiiiall  white  oak  ;  then  to 

Lrreyoak;  then  to  a  small  hush ;  then  to  another  hiiiuII  bu.sh  witli  NtoneHahoiit  it ; 

]it'ii  l<>  a  heap  of  ntonos  with  a  stake  thereon  ;  tiien  to  a  black  oak  tree ;  theu  to  an- 

IiIkt  black  oak ;  then  to  a  small  pitch  pine ;  theu  to  a  black  oak  ;  then  to  a  larp^ 

lliiii)  oak  near  the  river,  called  Abbot's  Run  ;  then  to  a  poplar  tree;  then  to  a  heap 

NtDiieH  with  a  stake  thereon  ;  then  to  a  large  rock  with  stones  thereon  ;  theu  to  u 

i.'i II  black  oak  tree;   then  to  a  waluuttree;  then  to  a  black  oak  ;  then  to  divers 

^lii  r  marked  trees  in  the  said  course,  to  the  extremity  of  said  line;  and  when  we 

jiic  near  the  termination  of  the  said  line  made  a  monument  of  stones,  there  Ix^ing 

i  noted  south  boundary  of  the  said  province  near  the  said  line,  and  therefore,  for  the 

8(  ovcry  f)f  the  south  boundary  of  the  said  province,  upon  the  best  information  we 

^uld  obtain,  proceeded  to  Wrenthain  Plain,  at  or  near  to  a  place  where  was  formerly 

ectcd  a  stake,  called  Woodward's  and  Saffery's  stake,  as  one  remaikablo  south 

iiuiMlary  of  the  said  province,  and  from  thence  run  a  west  line,  makingan  allowance 

i'i;;ht  (le^'reesand  a  half  as  the  west  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle  from  the  true 

eridiaii,  it  being  the  course  of  >;ho  south  line  of  the  said  province,  according  to  their 

garter  (as  wo  apprehended),  and  the»    we  extended  the  said  north  line  from  the 

oresaiil  Mionuiiient  till  it  intersected  the  said  west  line,  and  upon  the  point  of  its 

terHcctidii  erected  a  monument  of  stones  with  a  stake  thereon,  as  the  northeast 

^niidary  of  that  tract  of  land  commonly  called  the  Gore. 

Liter  which  we  proceeded  to  Bullock's  Neck,  and  ou  the  southeast  corner  thereof 

Beted  a  red  cedar  post,  marked  with  the  letters  J.  H.  C.  R.,  with  the  figure  of  an 

^clior  thereon,  and  from  thence  running  a  line  northeast  making  the  same  allowance 

the  variation  aforesaid,  to  a  black  oak  tree  marked  with  the  letters  G.  C.  C.  R., 

Bii  to  a  large  white  oak  marked  with  the  letters  G.  B.  C.  R.,  then  to  a  white  oak 

8t,  set  in  the  ground  with  a  heap  of  stones  around  it,  marked  with  the  lettersG.  W. 

IR.,  with  the  tigare  of  an  anchor  thereon,  being  three  miles  distant  from  Bullock's 

|ck  aforesaid. 

Liter  which  we  proceeded  to  the  uortheasternmost  part  of  the  buy  on  thy  west  side 
|Ram»tick  Neck,  and  from  a  point  where  a  locust  post  was  erected,  run  a  line  three 
ilcit  northeast,  with  the  same  allowance  for  the  variation  and  at  t^he  extremity  of 
I  Haid  line  erected  a  monument  of  stones,  from  which  we  run  a  line  to  the  northeast 
Itrcniity  of  that  line  drawn  from  the  southwest  corner  of  Bullock's  Neck  aforesaid, 
I  course  whereof  being  west  thirty-eight  degrees  north,  according  to  the  magnetic 
fadle,  the  distance  of  nine  hundred  and  fifty-five  rods,  marking  trees  and  making 
jier  boundaries  in  the  course  of  said  line.  After  which  we  proceeded  to  the  north- 
comer  of  Bristol  Harbour,  and  from  high-water  mark,  which  was  some  rods  dis- 
^t  northeast  from  the  bridge  leading  to  Swunzey  Ferry,  we  ran  a  line  three  miles 
(heast,  still  making  the  same  allowance  for  the  variation,  and  at  the  extremity 
Fliich  line  we  erected  a  monument  of  stones;  then  we  ran  a  line  from  the  north- 
It  extremity  of  the  line  drawn  from  Rumstick  aforesaid,  the  course  whereof  being 
Itli  t  wenty-flve  degrees  east,  till  it  met  with  the  tenninatiou  of  the  line  drawn  from 
Btol  Harbour  aforesaid,  the  distance  whereof  being  nine  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
and  from  thence  to  a  straight  line  to  the  bay  at  Towoset  Neck,  making  proper 
^lularies  in  the  course  of  said  line. 

ftcr  which  we  proceeded  to  the  eastern  side  of  the  Narragansett  Bay,  and  on  the 
kMiimost  part  of  a  cove  in  the  said  bay,  which  is  southward  of  Naneqnaohet,  ran  a 
I  three  miles  east  (still  making  the  same  allowance  for  variation),  at  the  extremity 
^reof  we  marked  a  grey  oak  free  with  the  letters  C.  R.,  with  the  figure  of  an  anchor 
L'on. 
ter  which  we  proceeded  to  the  month  of  Fall  River,  and  from  thence  measured 


<U) 


HolINDAKIKS    OK     INK    I  NI'IKh    SI'A'I'KS. 


tun  I,,  in  I 


4 


fonr  hmidrnH  iin«l  forty  hmIh  Hontln'rly  on  the  Hhcire,  an  thf  Hnwl  8horp  extumloth  it»» 
from  tlic  inoiiJli  of  Hiiid  Fall  Hivwr,  niul  from  tlit>  |ioliit  wJu-rt^  Mio  nniil  four  Inmdp 
iint\  forty  rodw  roaidicd,  bi-iiij^  oiiHt  tliirty-livo  (Ii^hth  Houfli  of  I  lit'  HOiitlnTiinioHt  |m 
of  Hliiiwoinrt  N(H'k,  wo  riiii  n  lino  t)in>o  niilcH  tMiHt,  with  tlie  niiiiio  iiilowatico  Inri! 
vnriatioii ;  in  tlio  roiifHo  wli(<roi>f  wo  tiinrkfil  divorn  tn>(>H,  and  tamo  t^)  n  lariff  |i<>ii< 
on  tho  w«>nt  of  whirb  wna  a  Hniall  oak  liotwcon  two  lar^o  rockH,  and  from  tlim 
nifaHuri'd  ovor  tlio  naid  jiond  toalinnch  of  niaph-H,  two  wlion-of  wo  nwirkod  wiih  i|, 
lottorH  I  and  F,  Htandin^  on  a  placo  cullfd  Ual])ii'H  Nwk,  boinR  tho  oxtroniity  nt  ii, 
Haid  tlirfio  milcH  ;  from  thonoo  we  ran  a  lino  sontli  twi'nty  dcf^roon  woHt,  twr)  tlionwn, 
ono  hnndrod  and  twenty-throo  ro<lH  (makinf^  propor  Itoiindarit-H  in  Haid  lino),  I  ill  < 
mot  the  tormination  of  the  throo-milo  lino,  ran  fri)m  tlio  c.ovo  noiithwurdof  Nam  ip; 
chet  aforfwaid. 

After  which  we  prooee«led  to  a  plac«  o»ll»d  Chi  rch'H  ('ovo,  in  said  hay,  and  im 
lino  three  milea  eant,  making  the  name  allowanit)  for  tho  variation  aforoHaid,  .uid) 
the  extremity  whereof,  and  near  the  sea,  we  erected  a  inonnnn-iit  of  ntonoH,  and  in' 
thence  ran  a  line  north  two  degreen  and  a  quarter  cant,  ono  tlumnand  and  nini<  Im; 
dr«d  and  forty-one  rodn,  till  it  alno  met  tho  tormination  of  tho  naid  line,  drawn  frir 
the  first  mentioned  oove  an  aforesaid,  making  proper  honndariefl  in  tho  connwt  ofKa) 
line. 

The  aforegoing  ia  a  Jnst  aooonnt  of  onr  proceedingn,  and  roport  tho  namo  tn  1 1  r: 
Ingly. 

J.  HONE VM AN,  In 

gp:orge  wan'ion 
gideon  cornki.i 
george  brown. 

And  It  18  voted  and  reHolved,  That  the  said  n"  ort,  Iw,  and  it  In  hcroby,  accoplcd  ij 
this  assembly. 

In  the  year  1748  the  legislature  of  Rhode  Island  appointed  (hhiiih 
sioners  to  continue  the  line  to  the  Connecticut  corner,  recojofnizinut 
Woodward  and  Saffrey  ^^take  as  the  place  of  be^^inning.  Massiiclinsi  i 
failed  to  appoint  commissioners,  whereupon  the  Rhode  Island  coimiii 
sioners  proceeded  to  complete  the  running  of  the  line.  In  their  r('|ioi| 
they  say — 

That  we  not  being  able  to  find  any  stake  or  other  monument  wliich  wo  could i 
agine  set  np  by  Woodward  and  Salfrey,  but  considering  that  tli<'  jdace  thorcofi 
described  in  the  agreement  mentioned  in  onr  commission,  by  certain  invariable  mntl 
we  did  proceed  as  foUoweth,  namely  :  We  fonnd  a  place  where  Charles  River  torni 
a  large  onrrent  sontherly,  which  place  is  known  to  many  by  tho  numo  of  Papjifitali^ 
Pond,  which  we  took  to  be  the  sontheniniost  part  of  said  river,  from  tho  sontht  rnm 
part  of  which  we  measured  three  English  miles  south,  which  three  English  niilisd 
teiininate  npon  a  plain  in  a  township  called  Wrentham.  (See  Howard's  Reports  S.( 
vol.  4,  page  632). 

From  this  point  they  ran  the  line.  From  this  time  forward  repeatJ 
steps  were  taken  by  Rhode  Island  by  resolutions,  and  by  ai)poijitiiif| 
of  commissioners  at  different  times  to  ascertain  and  run  the 
in  connection  with  commissioners  from  Massachusetts ;  commissioiil 
flrom  both  colonies  met  more  than  once,  but  they  failed  to  agree  uponj 
boundary  in  place  of  that  established  under  the  agreements  of  1711- 
Bhode  Island  alleged  a  mistake  in  her  commissioners,  in  the  place  i 
beginning  (that  is,  on  Wrentham  Plain),  as  the  ground  of  these  efforj 

This  oontxoversy,  however,  embraced  the  entire  line  from  the  Stat(l 


ui 


ItlH 


'III 


»M  n.] 


MASSACHISiri'TS. 


in 


)iiiic(tiriit  to  tlu'  Atliiiilir  ()(Mtiiii.     MaHNiirliiiHcttH  uNMTtcd  that  hii 
[noailiiiii'iit  lia<i  Ihm'Ii  iiiiui«^  on  lior  territory  tVoiii  Hiiriit  HwatiipC-ortior 
tin-  (MTiin  Ity  liliotlc  IslaiMl,  wlio, on  Uvr  part,('laiin(Ml  that.  tlic!. juris 
I'tioiiiil  line  of  MassarJiiiHotfH  from  said  <;orn(>r  to  ihv  ConiH>(;ti(;iit  line 
ill  its  whoU'  rxtiMit,  upon  tlio  t<;rritor.v  of  KIhmU'  iHlaiid.     The  l«';,'is 
lints  (»f  I  lie:  H'spcctive  8tiit-«8  havin|;  i'.iilo<l,  aft«^r  r(5p«'iit«Ml  effort,  to 
liiiNl  \hv  (tontroverH.v,  Kliode  Iwhuid  in  IH-'ili,  by  a  bill  in  equity,  brou^'ht 
siilijc*'!  of  the  northern  boundary,  from  Burnt  Swamp  Corner  to  the 
iTiin'('li<ut  line,  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  Stat^^s,  whieh 
|]sii;  ijecided  that  the  juri8dictional  line  claimed  by  MaHHaehuHettH 
ilic  Icptl  boundary  of  the  two  StateH  between  these  points. 
\  iiilc  this  suit  was  pending  an  attempt  waH  made  to  settle  the  long 
^tiovcrsy  by  an  amicable  adjustment  of  the  whole  line  from  ('onneeti- 
to  tlie  ocean.    CommisHioners  were  a[)poiuted  by  both  States  in  1844 
fiMurtain  and  mark  the  true  boundary  from  Pawtucket  Falls  to  Bul- 
\((  k.      In  1845  the  HamecommiHsioners  were  authorized  to  ascer- 
llic,  line  from  Burnt  Swamp  Corner  to  the  Atlantic  Octian. 
lS4t>,  the  equity  suit  having  been  decided,  they  were  authorized 
erect  suitable  monuments  at  the  prominent  angles  of  the  line,  fre^i 
|At1iinti(;Ocean  t>othe  northwest  comer  of  Ehode  Island,  an<latsuch 
Bi  points  on  the  lino.as  may  subserve  the  public  (jonvenience."     A. 
)iil\  of  said  commissioners  agreed  upon  a  line  and  erected  monu- 
Its  ill  1847. 

report  of  the  joint  ct>r) mission  was  dated  Boston,  January  13, 

ic  line  so  agreed  upon  as  a  boundary  between  Burnt  Swamp  Corner 

\t\w  northwest  corner  of  Rhode  Island  was  a  straiglit  line,  varying 

tl(!  from  the  irregular  Jurisdictional  line  established  by  tlie  decision 

ke  Supreme  Court,  and  is  described  in  the  joint  report  of  the  majority 

|e  coinmissiouers  of  January,  1848,  as  follows,  viz : 

in  at  tlie  northwest  corner  of  Rhode  Island,  on  Conneotiont  lino,  In  latitnde  42° 
f'liiirtli,  and  longitude  71°  48'  18"  west  of  Greenwich,  thence  easterly  in  a  straight 
l.r)l!i  miles  to  Burnt  Swiimp  Comer,  in  Wrenthtni,  being  in  latitude  42°  01'  08" 
^iigitiide  710  23'  i:J". 

)n  this  line  were  placed  twenty-seven  monument-s,  exclusive  of  that 
irnt  Swamp  Comer. 

{^[cneral  assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  in  May,  1847,  ratified  and 

pished  the  line  from  the  ocean  to  the  Connecticut  line,  "  to  take 

and  become  binding  whenever  the  said  agreement  and  boundary 

iould  be  ratified  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts."    The  legislature 

^siichusetts  did  not  ratify  the  said  agreement  and  boundary  line, 
roposed  another  joint  commission,  which  was  agreed  to. 
I  attempt  made  by  these  commissioners  to  settle  the  line  having 

Massachusetts  commenced  a  bill  in  equity  before  the  Supreme 
[of  the  United  States  for  an  abjudication  of  the  boundary  line  from 
iSwar  p  Comer  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 


*1*S 


¥ 


m 


III* 


r.'j 


HUI'NDAUIKS    o|.     rilK    rNI'IKIi    slAIKs. 


[Ill  IMUl 


III  IH(iO  holli  HttitoH  iiffirod  ii|H»n  a  coiiVMitioiitvl  liiu^,  tiinl  iihIu'iI  mwi 
a  *lo('.iii*r  of  i\u\  Unitrii  HtiiicH  8ii|ii-niio  (UHitt  hIhmiM  (M>iiflriii  llir  hiihJ 
M'hirli  pi'H.ytM'  wuh  ^nuit«Hl,  tiii<i  Uw  liiu^  wan  tliiiH  finally  rHtal>liMli(^(|||J 
li  ih'iHiM^  I'oiMhM'od  in  l\u\  Di^dtMiibrr  Icirui,  IHOI,  which  Ih  hh  IoIIown,  vijI 

H<«Killllill^  al.  Hiirtit  Hwiini|)  (lonirr  (no  imllitil),  in  WiotiMwiiii,  In  liilitntlo  4U"  (ii'i>'| 
norMi,  lon^itndo  71"  UW    lit"  \vi<nI.  of  (Irtionwliih,  iHtin^  dlio  nortliiMiHlnrly  cornrrd 
Kliotlo  InIimkI. 

Tlioni'o  in  a  Ntrttiglit  lino  to  tlio  dontor  of  n  nUnn^  nionuiiiiint>  in  ih»  divlHion  ||||,| 
liotwoiMi  AiMolHiriniKJi  nnti  I'awtiiokot.,  on  tlio  oiiHtorly  Ixiok  of  Mio  MluokHlono  l\i\> 
lioinK  in  lutiintlo  'II"  5:1'  :i(l"  iiorUi,  loiiKitiulo  71"  2:V  14"  woHi. 

Tlionoo  oiwitorly,  hy  tho  norMiorly  linn  oI'Mio  i(»wn  ol'  I'awtniikoi,  to  a  point  whm 
Maid  lino  IntormvitH  tlio  lilghoNt  wator  mark  ini  tlH^  oaHtorly  Nido  of  FarnuM'H  or  Si  vi^ 
Milo  Kivor,  wliinli  point  InnIiowii  ttii  aoooinpanyln){Hliooi  inarkod  "A,"  and  d*<Ni|',iiuii^ 
HH  ••  lloniid  No.  1."  bohiK  in  laMlndo  41"  r>:t'  M"  iiorlli,  Itnigitiido  71"  '^0'  40''  v/iM. 

Knnn  Mound  No.  I  t\w  lino  riiiiH  nonMiorly,  ndlowin^  tlio  lii^lioNl.  wnior  iiiiiiki 
iJio  oiwtl'orty  Nido  of  Farnior'H  or  Hovon  Milo  Kivor,  aH  doHl^natod  in  Hald  nhooi  iimikij 
"A,"  to  ilHjuiiolion  will)  ilio  highoHt.  wator  mark  on  thoHout.horly  and  oaatorly  Nnhi 
Ton  Milo  Kivor,  at  a  point  doNignatod  aH  "  Konnd  No.  :t." 

Kntm  Iloiintl  No.  It  tlio  lino  rniiNHOutliorly,  ftdlowing  tlio  higlioM.  wator  murk  nniij 
sonthorly  and  oantorly  Nido  of  naid  Ton  Milo  Kivor,  aH  hIiowu  on  Hlioot  marked  "A," 
II'  point  <loiiigiiat'Od  nn  "  Hound  No.  Ill,"  Nai<l   luNt>  point  Itoing  at  tlio  luimt  miiiUuii 
lioiui  of  Ton  Milo  Kivor  in  naid  lino  of  liiKlmnt  wator  nwtrk. 

Tlio  lino  of  "  liighoHt  wator  iinirk"  aH  nIiowii  on  nhoot  A  Ih  dolliuMi  by  oI1'n«Iji| 
light  iingloH  to  Htraight  IIiioh  hIiowii  on  Htiid  plan  in  bino.ink,  from  Hound  No.  I,iiii 
paHHing  through  pointH  doHigtiatod  an  lioundH  nnmhoivd  U  to  lU,  iiiolimivo. 

Knim  Hound  No.  Ill  tho  lino  riiiiH  NoiithoiiMtorly,  boing  a  Htraight  lino  to  tliiMnJ 
of  a  ntouo  pior  in  tho  niiddio  of  Kiinnin'N  Kivor,  on  tlio  north  Hido  of  tho  road  It'uilif 
by  Lulhor'H  Ht.oro. 

Tlionoo  through  I  ho  oontor  or  niiddlo  of  Haid  Kiinnin'H  Kivor  an  tho  Nniiio  iw  iil  I 
wator  at  a  ]ioint  whoii  hiioIi  lino  intorNootH  tho  dividing  lino  botwoon  Harriiiglniii 
S«H^konk,  boing  in  latitndo  41"  4(>'  '«>H",  longiludo  71"  l!>'  "SA". 

Thonoo  iiorlhoaHtorly,  following  tho  dividing  lino  botwoon  Harrington  ami 
konk,  to  a  point'  at  th«>  uorthorly  oxtromity  of  tho  dividing  liiu^  botwoon  HariinK| 
iiud  SwauKoy,  in  latitiulo  41"  :<(>'  :i4",  loiigitudo  71"  I!)'  ItO". 

Thonoo  in  a  Htraight  lino  HOuthoaHtorly  to  tho  (MMitor  «>f  a  copiiur  holt  in  Kiiij 
Hook,  HO  oallod  ami  woll  known,  noar  an  anoiunt  monuinont  on  naid  Kiiig'n  Kdcit,! 
ingon  tho  wont  nido  of  tho  road  loading  from  Warron  to  8wan/.oy.    Tliin  point ii| 
latitudo  4^^  45'  *22".1W,  longitudo  71"  1(1'  ar.".7r>. 

From  King'H  Kook  tho  lino  follown  tho  dividing  lino  botwoon  Warron  and  Sw»iii 
to  Mount  llopo  Hay,  running  in  a  Htraight  lino  mmthoaHterly  to  a  iioint  on  llio  lli| 
Swamp  Fanii,  in  latitudo  41"  4.7  08",  longitudo  71"  15'  58"..^. 

Thonoo  in  a  Htraight  linoto  Mount  Hopo  Bay,  piuuiing  through  thocontor  of  iicoi^ 
bolt  in  a  liowldor,  in  lino  of  oxtroino  high  wator  at  TowcHot,  to  low-wator  lini^  nf^ 
bay.     Thin  bolt  in  in  latitudo  41"  42'  45  '.'27,  longitudo  71"  i:»'  54".7<». 

From  TowoHOt  tho  lino  riiuH  Houthoiwtorly,  oroHniiig  Mount  llop(^  Hay,  to  tho  \vt»i(j 
ond  of  lino  dividing  Fall  Kivor  and  Tivorton,  wlicic  tho  wimo  iiitrrHtu'tM  l<t\v-\>i| 
line  of  Haiti  Mtmnt  Hopo  Bay. 

Thonoo  oantorly,  following  said  dividing  lino  botwoon  Fall  Kivor  and  Tiverloii.f 
ing  through  the  middle  of  a  town  way  on  thi>  north  nIiIo  of  farm  bolongint;  l<' I 
(JliAHO,  ami  through  tho  sontherly  ond  of  OooI'n  I'ond,  in  a  lino  iianning  thioiit:!: 
luiddlo  of  a  highway,  eight  rods  widn. 

Thence  running  southerly  throngh  tho  oontor  of  naid  oight-r«t«l  highway  I"  ii|4 
in  lino  with  tho  ntono  wall  on  northerly  Hitio  of  farm  of  Kdmiind  I'IhIoh.  This  ffiT 
oaMtorly  of  tho  Statlonl  road  (ho  callod.) 


llMSM   I  I 


MAMHA<!|flIH|.;'n'M. 


m 


I'liriicii  riiiiiiiiiK  <MiHUirly  ill  lliix  witili  niiitl  wall  to  a  point,  in  lino  of  liiKli«wt  wnU^t 
iiiiHili  oil  llio  w)<Htt>rly  hIiofo  of  HoiiMi  Wutiiitpui'oiiil,  wliic.li  point.  iiiHliown  on  iMxiom- 
Ipiviiyiii^  HJioot  iiiurltod  "li/'itntl  dt^Hi^nu^o«i  im  "  lloiind  A." 

I'roiii  Koiiiiil  A  Mm  lino  riiiiH  Hoiitiiiiriy,  I'oliowinx  tlio  lil)(lioMt.  wutt^r  iiiiirit  on 
|w<'hI«iI,v  hIiIo  (>r  Hontli  W»tiippii  i'oin!,  uiiil  oT  Huwily  i'onil,  uriil  of  Mio  hItouiiih  coii- 
|lit'(iliii|{  Haiti  poiidH,  1U4  mIiowii  on  Huid  Hlinot.  iiiarluul  "It,"  to  a  point  ilrnif^nutiwl  im 
|"|(iiiiM(l  I''."  Haiti  liMit  point  lHtiii)(»t  tint  nioNt  Hoiitlmriy  t^ntl  ot'Hawtly  I'onil  in  Haiti  line 
|(it'  lii)(lii<Hi  wattw  iiiurl(. 

rim  liiit<  of  "  IiIkIkwI  wattir  mark"  aH  hIiowii  <mi  Hliitot  It  Ih  (iflilnoii  liy  otTHot'H 
|ui  iIkIiI  an^loH  t.o  Htntiglii  liiinH  from  ltt>uii<l  A,  imd  paNHJiig  r«H|>«M)tiv«dy  tliroiigli 
||ii>iiiIm  <l«Mi^iiatt<tl  "l)"lo  "  F,"  iii(diiKivis  and  on  tlio  Month  Watiippn  I'ond  Ih  alwi 

tlii<  I t.liat  woiilil  ho  triMxtd  hy  a  lovol  tlilrti^on  liiohiw  ahovo  a  holt  in  Ht.ono  work 

Oil  woHlnly  Hido  of  watitrway  in  ((at<i-houmt  of  leHorvoir  tiam  of  Watnppu  Kumtrvoir 
;;(itii|iiMi.\,  <J!iHM|iio(diaii  Uivor.  On  Ha>/tly  I'omi  thit  higlitNit  wator  mark  in  llio  lint) 
Itliiil  would  l)t>  traiiod  hy  tlio  lovol  id'un  iri»n  lioil  ilrivnn  in  woat  Hide  of  tlniiie  to  Haw- 
null  at  iiortliorly  onti  of  Haiti  Hawiiy  I'onil. 

Kriiin  ItoiintI  V  Mio  lint^  iiiiih  Hontli«a«t«<rly,  iieing  a  NtraiKht  line  to  the  monti- 
lliiiiit  known  tiH  ".loe  Hanfoni'H  hoiintl,"  hidnK  tho  iioiitor  of  a  nop|H^r  holt  iii  Htono  on 
mill  til  Jtmt^pli  I'ripii,  aiitl  <h  in  latitude  4h'  'M  :i7"  hmgituilo  7^  OH'  i;t". 
I''iiiiii  .loo  Ha:d'oiti'H  lioiiud  tlio  lino  ruiiNHOUthoriy,  following  tlio  woHtorly  line  of  the 
liiwii  of  Wtrntpor:.  to  tlio  Allan) ill  Ocean,  panning  oantorly  of  QiiiukHantI  ronil  through 
IliK  riMitiir  of  a  lM»!iiii  knt>wn  km  I'oakoil  Kook,  Hitiiatod  in  Itttitiido  41^  !M'  5H",  loiigi- 
lli,lo7l'  (17'  :i4". 

'i'llt^  ItiHt  point  in  tliiN  liuo  Hoiitherly  wf  Hatiford'H  hound  Ih  on  tho  north  Hide  of  mill- 
|mii  Ml  Allll.llmvillt^,  H5.r>H  foot  iMuiterl.v  of  Htraiglit  lino  from  Hanford'H  to  I'twtkeil  Uook. 
Tlii<  Mrciiiitl  In  li:t.U4  foot  oiuitorly  of  naid  Htraight  lino,  and  in  on  tlio  oantorlyHido  of 
uttd  loatiiiiK  IVom  Adanmvilln  to  tlio  oooau. 

Tint  tliirtl  iH'<!:i4.'IH  fiHit  oant  of  Haiti  ntraight  line,  on  the  road  loading  to  Little  Comp- 
m,  liy  IMiilip  HiinniotiH'  Iioiiho. 

'i'liit  wliido  of  tho  lino  IIiiih  tioHitrihed  In  nhowsion  a  plan  httrowith  prt^HeuUMl,  which, 
illi  HluittdittH  A  and  It,  Ih  iiiatio  a  part  oftliiM  rop  .rt  untl  atti^ntod. 

It  will  \m  obHorved  that.  Mui  alMiv*^  dticnie  of  Mhi  (Iiiit<Ml  Ht.».t.«iH  Hn- 
roiiut  Cdiirt.  inukt^H  no  niroroiirf^  to  tho  liiit^  liotii  liiiint  Hwain|i  Coiimm- 

th(^  (!oiiii«H'/ti<iiit  VuHi. 

It  will  alHo  be  reiiuMiibenMl  {vide  p.  f»l)  that  tho  'Hiiio  of  IK4K,"  ho 
hIUmI,  w»h  ratitlc.d  by  Khodo  Itslaiid  and  rejtiotod  by  MaMNaiJiiKsi-.ttK. 
IHliT)  tho  lofjiHlaturo  of  MaNHachuHottri  to<»k  action  in  ic^'aid  to  thiH 
>rtion  of  the  line,  im  follows,  viz : 

jiiwoftwd,  That  the  hoiindary  line  hetween  tho  Htattt  of  Rliotio  Irilantl  and  tlio  C'om- 
uiiwtiaith  of  MiUMttohiiwtttH,  from  the  lino  of  tho  Htato  of  (Joiiiifctiont  to  liiirnt 
rump  Corner,  IwgiiiH  at  tho  northweHt  oonior  of  tho  Htat«)  of  liliotio  Inland  on  the 
HiiiitHtticiit  line,  in  latitude 4'2^  00'  2U"  north,  and  lonffitiiiht  74'-'  4H'  H"  wont  of  Oroun- 
icli,'  iiiiil  rii.iH  in  a  Htraight  liuo  'Jl  aihl  /'n',^,  iiiIIoh  to  Hiirnt  Hwamp  C  nor,  in 
[rontliaiii,  lioiug  in  latitude  42"  1'  8"  and  h>ngitiiilo71'  -2:('  t'.t". 

I  ThiH  M  the  liue  agreed  upon  by  the  coiriiniHHioni'iH,  called  the  ''  line 
I.S48,"  ratitle<l  at  the  time  by  Rhode  Island,  but  rej(M;t«'«I  i»y  iVftiHua- 
Insetta. 
[The  tardy  ratification  of  the  line  by  MaattaoliusettH  waH,  iu  itM  turn, 


f ThiH  iH  »  olerioal  error.     «  Longitade  74°  48^  18'' "  should  reMi  "  lougitudo  71"^  in 
"    ( Fide  Boide&'a  TabiM,  p.  64). 


Uull.  171- 


64 


BOUNDARIES    OF   THE    UNITED   STATES. 


[bii,i..i;| 


tfr  .mi 


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rojectod  by  Rhode  iHland,  ou  the  ground  that  the  theu  recuiit  »ettlt| 
ment  of  the  eastern  boundary  by  the  decree  of  the  Supreuie  Court  hai 
HO  changed  the  aspect  of  the  controversy  that  she  could  not  consent  t 
the  adoption  of  the  line  of  1848  as  her  northern  boundary. 

Thus  the  northern  boundary  of  Bhode  Island  was  left  in  abeyaiio 
or  rather  left  in  the  condition  prescribed  b^'  the  decision  of  1846. 

In  June,  1880,  the  legislature  of  lihode  Islaud  passed  a  resolution  tJ 
remove  the  monuments  of  the  '<  line  of  1848  "  and  erect  monumeiitij  oi 
the  jurisdictional  line. 

In  1881  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  took  like  action. 

This  jurisdictional  line  has  the  same  termini  as  the  line  of  1848,  b^ 
is  a  very  irregular  line,  sometimes  running  north  of  a  direct  lino  aiij 
sometimes  falling  south  of  it  [the  extreme  variations  being  529.8  fee 
north  of  the  line  of  1848,  and  129  feet  south  of  the  same.J  A  full  audi 
tailed  description  may  be  found  in  Rhode  Inland  acts,  May,  1867,  p,| 
et  seq. 

Also,  vide  Senate  Document  No.  14,  Massachusetts,  1848,  for  a  fo| 
account  of  this  controversy. 

In  1713,  commissioners  from  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  iim 
Colony  of  Connecticut  settled  a  line  between  Massachusetts  and  Ooij 
necticut. 

By  this  line  certain  northern  frontier  towns  were  given  to  Massai'li| 
setts,  viz:  Woodstock,  Sufiield,  Enfield,  and  Somers.    In  1749  the 
islature  of  Connecticut  passed  a  resolution  that,  inasmuch  as  the 
had  not  been  approved  by  the  King,  and  that  the  two  colonies  luuH 
legal  right  to  transfer  territory  without  the  confirmation  of  the  Croir 
the  contract  was  void,  and  these  towns  were  again  taken  under 
jurisdiction  of  Connecticut.    Massachusetts  appealed  to  the  Kin^,  i 
the  claims  of  Connecticut  were  fully  established.    (S'ie  HoUister's '. 
tory  of  Connecticut,  Vol.  II.) 

In  1791  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  appointed  commiHsionersj 
establish  the  boundary  between  them,  but  they  were  unable  tu  ag 

In  1803  commissioners  were  appointed  to  complete  the  line,  ad 
promise  having  been  made  concerning  the  line  between  the  tu\vu| 
South  wick  and  the  towns  of  Suffield  and  Granby  (the  cause  of  thcil 
agreement  of  the  former  commissioners). 

The  agreement  made  was  as  follows,  viz : 

That  the  liue  B)''>iild  begin  firotu  a  etatiou  8  rods  Houtb  of  the  Houtliwust  ((uiiii! 
West  Spriugtield,  and  thence  run  west  to  the  large  ponds,  and  theuctt  8outli(>rk| 
those  itouds  to  the  ancient  south  liue  of  Westfield,  and  from  tbeuue  on  Huiit 
liue  to  the  ancient  southwest  corner  of  Wostliuld;  and  ftom  thunce  northerly  inj 
ancient  west  liue  of  Westfield  to  the  statiou  iu  said  west  line  made  by  comuiissim 
in  the  year  1714,  and  from  thence  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Granville.     (See 
Special  Laws,  Vol.  Ill,  page  234.) 

In  1803  the  commissioners  surveyed  and  marked  the  bounduiyj 
tween  their  respective  States. 


m  recent  Bcttlnl 
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MASSAC'Ht'SKTTS. 


65 


Their  rciwrt,  which  was  adopted,  is  as  follows,  viz : 

Bej,'iuning  at  the  nortbeaut  corner  of  Suffleld  and  the  southeaNi  corner  of  W««t 
S|iritigtield,  un  the  we(«t  bank  of  Connecticut  River,  at  a  point  7'*  links  nortbward  of 
I  hi'  (onter  of  a  Buiaii  valley  running  into  said  river,  said  poiut  being  between  a  small 
liiitteruut  tree,  marked  M.  C,  Htaudiug  on  the  Houtli,  and  a  Huiall  crooked  white  oak, 
marked  M.,  standing  on  the  north,  about  ♦'wo  feet  distant  from  each  other,  and  then 
Mill  north  H2^  45'  west  1  chain  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  us  there ;  in  the  same 
c«urst!  '."2  chains  to  links  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  stage  road  from  Springfield  to 
Suflit'ld,  and  said  course  continued  would  pass  two  feet  north  of  Smith's  house; 
thniie  north  8'.'°  west  82  chains  3  links  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  middle  re  id  from 
.Siitiii'id  to  Springfield ;  then  in  the  same  course  13  chains  80  links  to  a  large  black  or 
red  oiik  tree,  marked  on  the  east  side  C,  and  on  the  west  side  M.,  being  an  ancient 
I  bound ;  thence  north  77°  4'  west  134  chains  42  links  to  a  stone  monument  on  the  road 
from  Feeding  Hills  meeting-house  to  SufiSeld ;  thence  in  the  same  course  4  chains  21 
lliuks  to  a  pine  stump — an  old  monument ;  thence  north  79°  48'  west  102  chains  80  links 
jtu  a  Htone  monument  on  the  road  from  Westfield  to  Suffield,  called  the  back  street ; 
Ithence  north  81°  30'  west  61  chains  20  links  to  a  stone  monument  at  an  old  stump  and 
jstoneH,  the  ancient  Fouthwest  corner  of  West  Springfield ;  thence  south  5°  west  2 
loliaius  to  a  stone  monument  in  the  line  run  by  commissioners  in  1714;  thence  north 
iifi  west  167  chains  33  links  to  a  stone  monument  at  the  middle  pond,  22  links  east  of 
jlow-water  mark,  being  at  the  center  of  a  little  valley  running  into  said  pond ;  thence 
Dii  tiio  eastern  shore  of  said  pond,  as  the  same  runs  southerly,  to  a  sluice  way  or  outlet 
roiii  Haid  pond  to  the  south  pond ;  thence  southerly  on  the  cast  shore  of  the  south  pond 
the  same  runs  to  a  stone  monnmentat  high-water  mark  on  the  south  corner  of  said 
»n(l,  being  the  south  end  of  the  most  southerly  bay  thereof,  from  which  the  point  of 
and  beyond  the  bay  on  the  east  side  of  the  pond  bears  north  29°  east,  and  the  high  i)0int 
pvond  thebayon  the  west  side  of  the  pond  is  north  3°  30' east;  then  south  I0°20'we8t 
I  chains  78  links  to  a  stone  monument  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Southwick,  in  the 
miciit  Routb  line  of  Westfield,  from  which  the  highest  peak  of  Manatick  Mountain 
ears  wouth  42°  30'  west ;  thence  south87°  30'  west  33  chains  86  links  to  a  heap  of  stones 
hedge,  being  an  ancient  monument  in  the  south  line  of  Westtield  and  the  north- 
rest  comer  of  SuflBeld,  adjoining  Granby ;  thence  in  said  ancient  south  line  of  West- 
eld  the  same  course  to  a  stone  monnment  at  a  white  oak  stump,  an  old  monument, 
he  Houthwest  corner  of  Southwick,  being  174  chains  36  links;  thence  north  10°  20' 
ftNt  :;^12  chains  84  links  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  us,  at  a  place  in  the  ancient 
^est  line  of  Westfield,  where  commissioners  in  1714  established  the  monument  called 
he  Crank  monument;  thence  north  82°  17'  west  137  chains  to  a  stone  monument 
ect(  d  by  us  at  the  east  road  from  Granby  to  Granville ;  in  this  course,  at  the  distance 
'  8G  chains  20  links  from  the  Crank  monument,  we  passed  between  two  pillars  of 
DMCH  45  links  south  of  one  and  13  links  north  of  the  other,  both  said  to  be  the  south- 
8t  comer  of  Granyille ;  thence  on  the  same  course  61  chains  40  links  to  a  atone  mon- 
Qtnt  erected  by  us  on  the  Granby  turnpike  road ;  thence  in  the  same  course  44 
lins  to  a  white-oak*  tree,  marked  by  commissioners  in  1717,  and  which  we  uiarked 
[  <in  the  north  side  and  C,  1803,  on  the  south  side ;  thence  north  84*^  24'  west  5  chains 
I  links  to  a  stone  monnment  erected  by  us  oti  the  west  road  from  Granby  to  Gran- 
tbenoe  in  the  si>        course  200  chains  37  links  to  a  white  elm  stump  and  stones 
1  the  west  bank  of  Valley  Brook,  so-called,  a  monument,  made  by  commissionere  in 
in  this  course  three  monuments  are  mentioned  by  said  commissioners,  which  we 
I  not  find;  thence  north  85°  7'  west  60  chains  15  links  to  a  stone  monnment  erected 
im  at  a  new  road  near  the  east  bank  of  Hubbard  Biver;  thence  the  same  course  2 
lins  to  dry  hemlock  tree  with  stones  aboat  it  on  the  west  side  of  said  river  near  a 
111  fall  and  a  rook  on  the  east  side  of  said  river  stooping  towards  it  more  than  2 


*  Oak-tree  boi  udary  at  Granville,  mariced  in  1717. 


't  '  n  t 


ilil» 


1^ 


66 


BOIJNDAIUKS    OF    THE    UNITKD    STATES. 


[BDf,L.m 


rods  to  a  monumeut  erected  by  said  former  commissioDerH ;  thence  north  82°  52'  wen  I 
109  chains  35  linku  to  u  stone  monument"  erected  by  us  on  the  road  from  Granville  tol 
Hartland;  thence  the  same  coarse  275  chains  91  links  to  a  large  heap  of  stones  on  tbtf 
west  bank  of  Slocnm  Brook  between  two  hemlock  trees,  having  many  ancient 
modern  marks  thereon,  being  a  monument  made  by  said  former  commissioners;  i>i  thiii 
course,  the  commissioners  of  1717  made  mention  of  a  large  hemlock  tree,  and  a  veni 
Urge  white-ash  tree  which  we  do  not  find;  thence  north  81°  50'  west  93  chains 7i| 
links  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  as  on  the  Beach-hill  Road,  so-called;  thencti 
in  the  same  coarse  235  chains  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  as  at  a  heap  oil 
stones  about  au  elm  tree  standing  on  the  west  bank  of  Sandy  Brook,  a  monumeDtl 
made  by  said  former  commissioners,  who  mentioned  in  their  report  a  monument  in  thr 
coarse,  which  we  do  not  find ;  thence  north  82°  11'  west  357  chains  30  links  to  u  .stou 
monument  erected  by  us  on  the  road  from  Marlborough  to  Norfolk ;  thence  Bai»l 
course  38  chains  20  links  to  a  monument  made  by  said  former  commissioners  on  tbl 
west  bank  of  Whiting  River,  near  falls,  being  a  heap  of  flat  stones  on  a  large  rodj 
thence  north  82°  9'  west  219  chains  to  a  stone  monument  at  the  end  of  Greenwotil 
Turnpike  road ;  in  this  course  said  former  commissioners  marked  two  trees,  which  m 
do  not  find:  thence  in  the   same  course  161  chains  75  links  to  a  stone  monumeo 
at  the  Bnrrell  Road,  so-called,  leading  from  Canaan  to  Suffleld ;  thence  in  tht^  Haii> 
coarse  49  chains  to  an  elm  tree,  with  stones  near  it,  on  the  east  bank  of  HouHatuu:/ 
River,  about  six  rods  west  from  a  chestnut  stamp  and  stones,  a  monument  uiadtl 
said  former  commissioners,  who  also  marked  a  white  oak  tree  in  this  courso  wine 
we  not  find;  thence  north  82°  52'  west  20  chains  50  links  to  a  stone  moniiint: 
erected  by  us  at  the  road  leading  from  Balisbury  to  Sheffield,  called  Wetany  lim 
thence  in  the  same  course  119  chains  50  links  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  iisi 
the  road  from  Salisbury  to  Sheffield,  near  Ebenezer  Fletcher's  house  ;  thence  on  i 
same  course  211  chains  35  links  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  us  at  the  niountai 
road  from  Salisbury  to  Sheffield ;  thence  on  the  same  course  28  chains  4  links 
monnment  established  by  said  former  commissioners  at  the  foot  of  the  mountai^ 
being  a  heap  of  stones  on  a  large  rook,  20  links  long  on  the  northeasterly  side,  bim 
high  on  the  southerly  side,  and  which  we  marked  1803  on  the  southerly  side  ;  tlienj 
north  85°  30'  west  147  chains  20  links  to  a  stone  monument  erected  by  us  on  tlic 
from  Salisbnry  to  Mount  Washington ;  thence  on  the  same  course  81  chains  Ho  Iji 
to  a  large  heap  of  stones,  the  oblong  corner  bounds,  so-called  between  the  State 
Conneotiout  and  New  York.  '   ' 


The  coaises  of  said  line  as  before  given,  and  here  by  us  are  according  to  the  prei 
state  of  Magnetic  needle,  which  we  observed  to  vary  5°  west  of  north.    (See  Privij 
Laws  of  Conn.,  vol.  2,  pages  1540  to  1544.) 

ABSTRACT  or  REPORT  OF  COMMISSION  OF  1803  ON  BOUNDARY  BETWEEN  MAS;UC 
8BTT8  AND  CONNECTICDT  WEST  OF  THE  CONNECTICUT  RIVER. 


Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  west  bank  of  Connecticut  River,  in  latitude  4'J°4 
52".  10,  longitude  72°  37'  03".46,  and  running  north  82°  45'  west  22  ohaii:.si  25  M 
thence  north  82°  west  95  chains  33  links ;  thence  north  77°  4'  west  138  cLi^iuij 
links;  thence  north  79°  48'  west  102  chains  80  links;  thence  north  81°  30'  wesij 
chains  20  links ;  thence  soath  5°  west  2  chains;  thence  north  85°  west  167  cbaiii>| 
links  to  a  stone  monnment  at  the  middle  pond,  22  links  east  of  low-water  mark,  l| 
itnde  42°  02'  11",  longitude  72°  45'  45".07 ;  thence  southerly  along  the  east  Hhorf| 
said  pond,  and  also  sonth  pond,  to  a  stone  monument  at  high- water  mark,  at  thee 
comer  of  said  south  pond ;  thence  soath  10°  20'  west  24  chains  78  links  to  a  i 
monnment  at  southeast  comer  of  Southwick,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  00'  ir'.9i3,i 

*  Boundary  stone  in  west  front  of  Granville. 


loANNfrrr.] 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


m 


Itade  7QP  46'  24".23 ;  thence  sonth  87°  30'  west  208  cbaias  22  1   .kg  to  a  stoue  inonu. 

Qflnt  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Southwick,  which  ia  in  latitude  41°  59'  51".89,  lon- 
ptnde  72°  49'  25".47 ;  thence  north  10°  20'  east  212  chains  84  links,  to  a  stone  monn- 

nent  at  the  n-^rthwest  corner  of  the  Southwick  Jog,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  02' 
12".39,  longitude  72°  49'  13".51 ;  thence  north  82'^  17'  west  242  chains  40  links  to  a 

rhite  oak  tree,  marked  by  commissioners  in  1717,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  02'  15".84, 
fcongitnde  72°  52'  47".74  ;  thence  north  84°  24'  west  205  chains  50  links;  thence  north 
B5°  7'  west  (i2  chains  15  links ;  thence  north  82°  52'  west  109  chains  35  links  to  a 
ftone  monument  in  latitude  42°  02'  17".03,  longitude  72°  58'  22".52;  thence  north  82° 
west  275  chains  91  links  ;  thence  north  81°  45'  \  ■  at  70  chains ;  thence  north  81° 

}'  west  328  chains  74  links  to  a  stone  monument,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  02'  31".  11, 
longitude  7.3°  07'  35".94 ;  thence  north  82°  11'  west  395  chains  50  links;  thence  north 
'  9'  west  430  chains ;  thence  north  82°  52'  west  140  chains  to  a  stone  monument 
|in  the  road  from  Salisbury  to  Sheffield,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  02'  58".ll,  longitude 

3°  22'  r)5".27  ;  thence  north  82°  52'  west  239  chains  39  links ;  thence  north  85°  30' 

rest  239  chains  to  the  northwest  comer  of  Connecticut,  which  is  in  latitude  42°  02' 

i  '.r)4,  longitude  73°  30'  06".66. 

According  to  the  survey  of  the  cession  of  Boston  Corners,  by  Massa 
^husetts  to  New  York,  in  1855,  the  south  boundary  of  Massachusetts 

rem  the  northwest  comer  of  Gonnecticut  to  the  southwest  corner  of 

[assachusetts  is  as  follows,  viz : 

A  line  running  north  89°  08'  4"  west,  40  chains,  by  the  true  meridian. 
The  courses  of  the  line  of  1803  are  magnetic,  with  the  variation  as  at 

iat  date:  i.  €.,  6°  west. 
The  latitudes  and  longitudes  in  the  foregoing  are  taken  from  the 

Jorden  Trigonometrical  Survey  of  Massachusetts  of  1843. 
In  182G,  the  line  between  Massachusetts  and  Gonnecticut  east  of  the 

poDnecticutRiver  was  run  by  commissioners  appointed  from  each  State. 

Lu  abstract  of  the  commissioners'  report  is  here  given  : 
Abstrtict  of  report  of  commissioners  of  1826. — ^The  commissioners  first 

jiade  the  following  survey :  Commencing  at  the  northeast  comer  of 

onnecticut,  at  a  large  pile  of  stones  erected  by  commissioners  of  1734 ; 

ience  mnning  due  west  on  the  latitude  of  42°  3'  north  to  the  west 

le  of  Woodstock,  1 5  miles  169  rods  15  links.    (This  is  hereafter  referred 

I  as  the  "  first  line  of  latitude.")    Thence  north  3°  west  54  rods  19  links 

an  old  pine  tree,  the  reputed  northeast  corner  of  Union ;  thence  due 

St  25  miles  168  rods  to  Connecticut  River.    (This  line  is  hereinafter 

ferred  to  as  the  "  second  line  of  latitude,"  and  the  second  line  of  lati- 

|ide  is  54  rods  north  of  the  first. )    These  lines  of  latitude  were  compared 

ith  the  ancient  survey,  monuments,  evidence,  etc.,  of  the  line  run  by 

^e  commissioners  of  1713 ;  the  said  lines  of  latitude  were  found  to  vary 

sundry  places  therefrom.    Therefore,  in  order  to  conform  as  near  as 

mMe  to  the  line  of  1713,  the  line  was  run  a»  follows,  viz : 

^Beginning  at  the  northeast  comer  of  Connecticut  and  ranning  west 

I  "first  line  of  latitude"  1,702  rods  and  4  links  to  the  road  to  the  Merino 

thence  in  a  direct  line  1,372  rods  20  links  to  the  road  leading  from 

iddy  Brook,  so  called,  by  Fennel  May's  to  Soathbridge ;  this  point  is 

^rods  10  links  north  of  the  *'  first  line  of  latitude" ;  thence  in  a  direct 


08 


KOMNDAKIKS    OF    TIIK    rNriKD    STA'I'KS. 


(Bl'l.l,   171 


line  360  rods  5  links  to  the  Norwich  and  Woodstock  turnpike  (tl  is  poiiii  \» 
20  rods  and  5  links  north  of  "first  line  of  latitude");  thence  in  adimi 
line  954  rods  IH  links  to  the  road  leading  from  West  Woodstock  by  Al)el 
Mason's  to  Southbridge  (this  jwint  is  10  rods  and  22  links  north  of  "first 
line  of  latitude");  thence  in  a  direct  line  1,247  rwls  to  the  road  lead 
ing  from  Union  by  Asher  Bodgeu's  to  Holland  (this  point  is  2  ro<ls  14i,' 
links  south  of  "second  line  of  latitude.");  thence  in  a  direct  line  1,1  l*7 
rods  to  the  turnpike  from  Hertford  through  Stafford  and  Holland  to 
Worcester  (tiiie,  point  is  6  rods  23 J  links  south  of  the  "second  line  of 
latitude ") ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  467  rods  to  an  old  white-oak  tree, 
an  ancient  bound,  on  the  road  from  Stafford  by  Robert  Andruss'  to 
South  Brimfleld  (this  point  is  1  rod  2  links  south  of  "  second  line  of  lati 
tude");  thence  in  a  direct  line  of  1,615  rods  to  the  road  leading  fioni 
Stafford  by  Henry  Cady's  to  Moiison  (this  point  is  16  rods  15  links 
south  of  "second  line  of  latitude)";  thence  in  a  direct  line  256  rod.s  to 
the  Tracy  road  (this  point  is  12  rods  12  links  south  of  "second  line  of 
latitude)";  thence  in  a  direct  line  620  rods  to  the  road  leading  from  Staf 
ford  by  Seth  Sheldon's  to  South  Wilbrahani  (this  j)oint  is  14  rods  7 
links  south  of  "  second  line  of  latitude");  thence  in  a  direct  line  1,066 
rods  to  the  road  from  Somer's  by  Walter  Ainsworth's  to  Springfield 
(this  point  is  4  rods  1  link  north  of  "second  line  of  latitude");  thence 
in  a  direct  line  623  rods  to  the  roatl  from  Somer's  by  Abel  Peas's  to 
Springfield  (this  point  is  6  rods  12  links  south  of  the  "second  line  ot 
latitude");  thence  diie  west  0^5  rods  to  the  ancient  line  between  Spring 
field  (now  Long  Meadow)  and  Enfield  ;  thence  south  80°  30'  west  by  the 
true  meridian  645  rods  to  a  monument  at  an  old  oak  stump;  thence 
south  51^  30^  west  by  the  true  meridian  164  rods  18  links  to  a  monnmcnt 
at  an  old  pine  stump ;  thence  dv£  west  349  rods  15  links  to  a  monument 
on  the  Connecticut  Biver  12  rods  from  jthe  shore ;  thence  due  west 
to  Connecticut  River.  On  the  line  are  erected  49  monument  stones, 
marked  on  the  north  side  M  and  on  the  south  side  C. 

The  commissioners  also  surveyed  and  marked  the  line  from  the  tlie  | 
corner  of  Connecticut  to  the  j<  rner  of  Rhode  Island,  reporting  as  fbl 
lows: 

Beginning  at  the  monument  erected  at  the  northeast  comer  of  said  State  of  Con- 
neetiont  and  running  in  a  direct  line  to  the  ancient  heap  of  stones  on  the  north  side  j 
of  the  turnpike  leading  from  Hertford  to  Boston  through  Thompson  and  Douglass, 
where  we  erected  a  monument,  and  thence  running  in  a  direct  line  to  the  northwest 
comer  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island. 

(For  survey  of  1826,  see  Private  Laws  of  Conn.,  vol.  2,  pages  1544  to  j 
1550.) 

The  boundary  between  Massachusetts  and  New  York  at  an  earl; 
period  became  a  subject  of  bitter  dispute.  New  York  claiming  to  the  j 
west  bank  of  the  Connecticut  Biver  under  the  charters  of  1664  and  1G74 
to  the  Duke  of  York,  Massachusetts  claiming  under  her  old  charters  to  j 
the  South  Sea.    After  many  fruitless  attempts  at  a  settlement,  an  ar 


1 1;  ANN  KIT' 


MASSA(UniSKTTS. 


69 


,  pages  1544  to 


iriiiifit'nH'iit  was  entered  into  in  1773  tixing  the  western  boundary  of 
I  Massiicliusetts  where  it  meets  New  York  territory.    The  Revolution  fol- 
lowing soon  after,  the  line  was  not  run.    In  1785  Congress  appointed 
three  commissiouera  to  run  the  line,  who  performed  that  duty  in  1787. 
JTlie  line  was  as  follows,  viz: 

Beginning  at  a  mouninent  erected  in  1731  by  cominiwionerH  from  Connecticnt  and 
JNow  Viuk,  diataiii  from  the  Hudson  River  20  miles,  and  running  north  15°  12'  9",  east 
l&O  iniii'H  41  chains  and  79  links,  to  a  red  or  black  oak  treemarkt-u  by  said  commissioners, 
Iwliiiii  ^uid  line  was  run  as  the  magnetic  needle  pointed  in  1787.  ( Fide  Revised  Stat- 
jiitos  of  New  York,  1875,  p.  122.) 

Tb(^  claims  of  Massachusetts  to  western  lands  were  finally  settled 
I  December  16,  1786,  by  a  joint  commission  of  the  two  States.  By  this 
|agreement  Massachusetts  surrendered  the  sovereigntj*  of  the  whole  dis- 
Iputed  territory  to  New  York,  and  received  in  return  the  right  of  soil 
laiul  pre-emption  right  of  Indian  purchase  west  of  the  meridian  passing 
Itlirough  the  eigh+y-second  mile-stone  of  the  Pennsylvania  line,  except- 
ling  certain  reservations  upon  Niagara  River.  The  title  to  a  tract  known 
las  "  The  Boston  Ten  Towns,"  lying  east  of  this  meridian,  previously 
Igraiited  by  Massachusetts,  was  also  confirmed.  ( Vide  Hough's  N.  Y. 
iGaz.,  1872,  pp.  25,  26.) 

April  19,  1785,  Massachusetts  executed  a  deed  to  the  United  States. 
lit  included  all  title  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  to  territory  west  of 
ftlie  present  western  boundary  of  New  York. 

In  1820  Maine,  hitherto  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  was  admitted  into 
the  Union  as  an  independent  State. 

In  1853  a  small  portion  of  territory  in  the  southwestern  comer  of 
Massachusetts,  known  as  Boston  Corner,  was  ceded  to  New  York,  and 
[the  cession  confirmed  by  Congress  in  1855. 

The  cession  of  Boston  Corner  to  New  York  changes  the  boundary,  so 
^liat  it  is  now  as  follows,  viz : 

Beginning  at  a  monument  erected  in  1731  by  commissioners  from  Con- 
necticut and  New  York  (known  as  the  Connecticut  monument),  stand- 
ing in  the  south  boundary  of  Massachusetts,  latitude  42^  02'  58".54, 
fongitude  73°  30'  06" .66,  which  is  the  northwest  corner  of  the  State  of 
^nnecticut;  thence  along  the  south  boundary  of  Massachusetts,  north 
890  08'  41"  west,  40  chains ;  thence  north  12°  57'  16"  west  207.49* 
phaius  to  a  marble  post  marked  on  the  east  side  M.  S.,  on  the  west  side 
I  Y.,  and  on  the  south  side  1853,  which  is  in  the  line  run  by  United 
States  commissioners  in  1787 ;  thence  north  15°  12'  9"  east  on  the  line 
|fun  by  said  United  States  commissioners  (*47  miles  73.70*  chains)  to 
red  or  black  oak  tree  marked  by  said  United  States  commission- 
ers, in  the  south  boundary  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  latitude  42°  44' 

"This  distance  has  been  obtained  by  subtracting  the  length  of  the  west  line  of  Boft" 
m  Corner  given  in  survey  of  1853  from  the  entire  length  of  west  boundary  of  Ma88» 
linsetts  as  given  by  the  United  States  commissioners  in  1787. 


4^%- 


5' 

ri 


t  I   I 


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■:    i-.i 


70 


HUITNOAIIIKS    UF    TIIK    INITKI)    STATKH. 


[BiTi.i..  i:i 


45".58,  longitude  73°  10' 17".(58.  [  See  ReviHcd  Statu  tes  of  Now  York,  l.s;,"), 
page  l-'2 ;  also  i)lat  of  Kurvoy  of  I  {ostoii  ( Corner  in  1853,  a  copy  of  whicli  is 
on  file  in  ofliceof  clerk  of  House  of  UepresentJitives  at  Washington,  I). C.] 

RHODE   181  AND. 

The  present  State  of  Rhwle  Inland  was  settled  by  Boger  WillianiK 
and  other  immigrants,  who  left  Massaelmsetts  Bay  and  establisiiod 
themselves  at  Providence  in  1036. 

In  1(543  a  patent  was  granted  for  the  Providence  Plantation,  froin 

which  the  following  are  extracts,  viz: 

•  •  •  •  •  •  • 

And  wlicran  tliero  \h  a  tract  of  land  in  the  continent  of  America  aforesaid,  called  liy 
the  name  of  the  Narraganset  Bay,  bordering  northward  and  northeast  on  the  patent  of 
the  MassachnnettH,  cast  and  southeast  on  Plymouth  patent,  south  on  the  ocean,  and  on 
the  west  and  northwest  l>y  the  Indians  called  Nariggauneucks,  alias  Narragansets,  tlie 
whole  tract  extending  about  '25  English  miles  untothePoqnot  River  and  country;  and 
wheras  divers  English  inhabitants  of  the  towns  of  Providence,  Portsmouth,  and 
Newport,  in  the  tract  aforesaid,  •  •  •  have  represented  their  desire,  •  •  "we 
•  •  •  do  •  •  *  give,  grant,  and  confirm  to  the  aforesaid  inhabitants  of  the 
towns  of  Providence,  Portsmouth,  and  Newport  a  firm  and  absolute  charter  of  incor- 
poration, to  bo  known  by  the  name  of  the  incori>oration  of  Providence  Plantations,  in 
the  Narraganset  Bay,  in  New  England.    •    •    • 

In  1663  Charles  II  granted  a  charter  to  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract : 

*  •  *  "All  that  parte  of  our  dominiones  in  New-England,  in  America,  conteyncing  I 
the  Nahantick  and  Narragansett  Bay,  and  countryes  and  partes  adjacent,  bounded  on 
the  west,  or  "westerly,  to  the  middle  or  channel  of  a  river  there,  commonly  called  and 
known  by  the  name  of  Pawcatuck,  alias  Pawcawtnck  river,  and  soe  along  the  sayd 
river,  as  the  greater  or  middle  streame  thereof  reacheth  or  lyes  upp  into  the  nortl 
countrye,  northward,  unto  the  head  thereof,  and  from  thence,  by  a  streight  lyne 
drawn  due  north  nntill  itt  meets  with  the  south  lyne  of  the  Massachusetts  Collony; 
and  on  the  north,  or  northerly,  by  the  aforesayd  south  or  southerly  lyne  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Collony  or  Plantation,  and  extending  towards  the  east,  or  eastwardly,  three 
English  miles  to  the  oast  and  north-east  of  the  most  eastern  and  north-eastern  parts 
of  the  aforesayd  Narragansett  Bay,  as  the  sayd  bay  lyeth  or  extendeth  itself  from  the 
ocean  on  the  south,  or  southwardly,  unto  the  mouth  of  the  river  which  runneth  to- 
wards the  towno  of  Providence,  and  from  thence  along  the  eastwardly  side  or  hanke 
of  the  sayd  river  (higher  called  by  the  name  of  Seacnnck  river),  up  to  the  ffalls  called 
Patuckett  £Palls,  being  the  most  westwardly  lyne  of  Plymouth  Collony,  and  soe  from  I 
the  sayd  ffalls,  in  a  streight  lyne,  due  north,  untill  itt  meet  with  the  aforesayd  line| 
of  the  Massachusetts  Collony ;  and  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  oceau."  And  in  par- 
ticular, the  lands  belonging  to  the  townes  of  Providence,  Pawtuxet,  Worwicke,  Nup  I 
qnammack,  alias  Pawcatuck,  and  the  rest  upon  the  main  land  in  the  tract  aforeHn.vil 
together  with  Rhode  Island,  Blocke  Island,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  islands  and  banlcn  | 
in  the  Narragansett  Bay  and  bordering  upon  the  coast  of  the  tracts  aforesaid  (FfiHb- 
ers  Island  only  excepted).    »    •    • 

(For  history  of  the  northern  and  eastern  boundaries  see  Massa^j 
chnsetts,  p.  54.) 

In  1703  substantially  the  present  western  boundary  was  settled  b;| 
an  agreement  made  between  the  commissioners  from  the  two  colouiesl 
of  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  viz:  "A  straight  line  £rom  the  montU 


•CAL  bUH.Er 


Bui  ^ETIN  NO,   171       PL.    XXI 


enald,  oalle«l  l)y 
ill  tbe  patent  of 
le ocean,  and  on 
iiTaganset*,  the 
id  country ;  and 
(irtsmontli,  and 
re,  •  •  *  we 
abitantB  of  the 
barter  of  incor- 
)  Plantations,  in 


d  Provuleiico 


ica,  conteynt'ing 
ent,  bonnrted  on 
lonly  called  and 
e  along  tbe  Bayd  I 
ip  into  the  nortl 
a  streigbt  lyne 
hneetts  CoUony; 
'neof  theMassa- 
astwardly,  three 
rth-eastern  parts 
;b  itself  from  the 
hicb  runneth  to- 
lly side  or  banke 
0  the  ffalls  called 
ny,  and  soe  from 
le  aforesayd  line  | 
,u."    And  in  par- 
,  Worwicke,  Nns 
e  tract  aforeNiiydl 
slauds  and  banki  | 
aforesaid  (Ffisb- 

es  see  Masss^l 

leas  settled  by 
le  two  colonies  I 
irom  the  montbl 


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BOUNDARY   BETWEEN    RHODE   ISLAND   AND   CONNECTICUT 


'Ill 


nANNrrr.l 


TinoDK    IST.AND — rONNKOTH'TTT. 


71 


of  Anliawoga  Kiver  to  the  HoiithweHt  corner  of  the  Warwick  purchase, 
and  tlience  a  straight  north  line  to  MassiU^hn setts. 

The  line  of  1703  was  actually  run  hy  Phmle  Island,  and  is  still  known 
AH  the  Dexter  and  Hopkins  line. 

The  two  colonies  disagreeing,  Rhode  Island  appealed  to  the  King, 
and  the  agreement  of  1703  was  finally  established  in  1726. 

Ill  Septen)l>er,  1728,  commissioners  from  the  two  colonies  met  and 
nm  the  line. 

(For  agreement  of  1703  and  1728,  decisions  of  English  council,  etc., 
8«'c  K.  I.  Hist.  8oc.  Coll.,  Vol.  III.) 

In  1830  commissioners  were  appointed  by  Rhode  Island  and  Conneoti- 
cut  to  survey  and  ascertain  the  line  and  erect  monuments. 

The  following  line  was  established,  viz: 

nt^^inning  at  a  rock  near  the  month  of  Ashawoga  River,  where  it  emptiea  into 
Piiwcntiick  River,  and  from  naid  rock  a  straight  conrse  northerly  to  an  ancient  stone 
li»>a]>  at  the  HOutheaHt  corner  of  the  town  of  Voluntown,  and  from  said  rock  nontherly 
ill  tlio  same  conrsu  with  the  aforesaid  line,  nntil  it  strikes  Pawcatuok  River.  From 
tlio  Hontlieast  corner  of  Voluntown  a  straight  lino  to  a  stone  heap  at  the  sonthwest 
corner  of  West  Greenwich ;  from  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
uiKiient  town  of  Warwick,  and  which  is  now  a  comer  of  the  towns  of  Coventry  and 
West  Greenwich ;  from  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  town  of 
Coventry ;  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  northeast  comer  of  Sterling ;  thence  a  straight 
line  to  tbe  southwest  comer  of  Burrillville,  and  thence  a  straight  line  to  a  sione  heap 
upon  a  hill  in  the  present  jurisdictional  line  between  the  States  of  ixraasachasettfl 
and  Rhode  Island,  and  at  all  of  said  corners,  excepting  said  Warwick  comer,  we 
Lave  (Tected  monuments  of  stone,  marked  R.  I.  and  C,  and  have  also  placed  similar 
inoiiiiments  on  all  the  principal  roads  crossing  the  line,  and  at  other  suitable  places. 
•  •••••• 

And  we  have  caused  the  ancient  monument  which  was  erected  at  the  Warwick  cor- 
ner in  November,  1742,  to  be  rost  t  and  a  large  heap  of  stones  to  be  made  aronnd  it. 
Said  monument  is  marked  with  the  letter  C.  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other  RHODE. 
ISLAND  and  the  traces  of  other  letters  and  figures.  [Extract  from  Commission- 
er's Report.    See  R.  I.  Acts  and  Resolves,  Jan.  lHAd,  pages  12, 13,  14.] 

The  above  was  ratified  in  1846. 


CONNECTICUT. 

The  title  by  which  the  people  of  Connecticut  held  the  country  was 
founded  on  the  old  patent  granted  by  Robert,  Earl  of  Warwick,  in 
KiiU,  to  Lord  Say  and  Seal,  Lord  Brooke,  Sir  Kicliard  Saltonstall,  and 
others,  associated  under  the  name  of  the  Plymouth  Company. 

In  1030  the  Plymouth  Council  made  a  grant  of  Connecticut  to  the 
I'^arl  of  Warwick,  their  president.  This  was  confirmed  by  King  Charles 
in  1G31,  and  on  the  19th  of  March,  in  the  same  year,  the  Earl  conveyed 
his  title  to  the  Plymouth  Company,  as  before  stated.  (Dwight's  Conn., 
1».  1!»,  it  seq.) 


72 


BOTTNDARTES    OK    THE    TTNTTED    STATES. 


[Bri.i,.  171. 


'  11 


A  charter  was  granted  by  Charles  II  to  Connecticut  in  1662,  of  which 
■he  following  is  an  extract,  viz : 

•  •  •  •  •  •  • 

We  *  *  *  do  give,  grant  and  confirm  unto  the  said  Governor  and  Company,  and 
their  successors,  all  that  part  of  our  Dominions  in  New  England  in  America  bounded 
on  the  east  by  Nurraganset  River,  commonly  called  Narraganset  Bay,  where  the  said 
river  falleth  into  the  sea,  and  ou  the  north  by  the  line  of  the  Massachusetts  planta- 
tion ;  and  on  the  south  by  the  sea  ;  and  longitude  as  the  line  of  the  Massachusetts 
Colony,  running  from  east  to  west,  that  is  to  say,  from  the  said  Narragansett  Bay  ou 

the  east,  to  the  south  sea  on  the  west  part,  with  the  islands  thereunto  adjoining.    *    " 

•  •  #  »  »  »  » 

[C.  and  C,  p.  256-7.] 

Previous  to  this  time  the  two  colonies  of  Connecticut  and  New  Haven 
had  continued  separate,  but  under  this  charter  they  were  united  and 
the  charter  was  accepted  April  20,  1665.    (C.  and  C,  p.  252.) 

The  Duke  of  York  having  been  granted  a  charter  in  1664,  by  which 
the  lands  west  of  the  Connecticut  Eiver  were  embraced  in  his  jurisdic- 
tion, the  question  of  boundary  immediately  arose. 

About  tliis  time  Col.  Richard  Nichols,  George  Cartwright,  esq.,  Sir 
Robert  Carr,  and  Samuel  Maverick,  esq.,  had  been  appointed  commis- 
sioners by  the  King,  and  clothed  with  extraordinary  powers,  to  determine 
all  controversies  in  the  colonies.  The  matter  was  referred  to  them,  who, . 
after  a  full  hearing,  determined  that  the  southern  boundary  of  Connect- 
icut was  the  sea  (Long  Island  Sound),  and  its  western,  Mamaroneck 
River,  and  a  line  drawn  north-northwest  from  the  head  of  salt  water  in 
it  to  Massachusetts.  The  territory  south  and  west  of  these  lines  was 
declared  to  belong  to  the  Duke  of  York.  ( Vide  D wight's  Connecticut, 
pp.  159  et  seq.) 

This  decision,  in  effect,  decided  upon  a  line  20  miles  east  of  the  Hud- 
son River  as  the  boundary,  having  for  a  starting  point  a  place  on  Ma- 
maroneck River. 

In  1674  the  Duke  of  York  received  a  new  charter  in  substantially  the 
same  terms  as  that  of  1664.  New  controversies  concerning  jurisdiction 
led  to  a  new  agreement,  by  which  it  wab  stipulated  that  a  tract  of  land 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  the  bounds  of  which  were  described  a»  con- 
taining 61,440  acres,  should  be  permanently  set  off  to  Connecticut  by 
New  York  on  condition  that  the  former,  in  exchange,  should  set  off  to 
New  York  a  territory  of  like  extent  and  of  uniform  width  from  the  tract 
on  the  Sound  to  the  south  line  of  Massachusetts.  This  agreement  was 
sanctioned  by  a  royal  ordinance  of  the  King,  and  in  1684  the  tract  on 
the  Sound  was  surveyed  and  set  off  to  Connecticut. 

The  western  boundary  of  Connecticut  was  run  in  1686  by  Major 
Gould,  Mr.  Barr,  and  Mr.  Selleck,  and  ratified  by  both  parties.  ( Vide 
Dwight's  Connecticut,  p.  199.) 

For  various  reasons  the  survey  of  the  equivalent  lands  was  not  made 
at  that  time. 

In  1725  commissioners  were  appointed  ou  both  sides  to  fix  the  line, 


??' 


p^KS.  [Btn.i..  171, 

at  in  1662,  of  which 


morandCooipauy,  and 
nd  in  America  bonndeil 
set  Bay,  where  the  said 
MaBsachusettB  planta- 
B  of  the  MassachuBettH 
id  Narragansett  Bay  ou 
jreuntoadjvnuiug.  *  " 
*  * 

[C.  and  C,  p.  256-7.] 

cut  and  New  HaTen 
ey  were  nnited  and 
3.,  p.  252.) 
Br  in  1664,  by  which 
raced  in  his  jurisdic 


;ANNKTT,) 


('«)NNK<n7CTn\ 


73 


Uartwright,  esq.,  Sir 
n  appointed  commis- 
powers,  to  determine 
eferred  to  them,  who, 
)oundary  of  Conneet- 
restern,  Mamaroneck 
head  of  salt  water  in 
jt  of  these  lines  was 
•Wight's  Connecticut, 

lileseastoftheHud 
joint  a  place  on  Ma- 

r  in  substantially  the 
ncerning  jurisdiction 
that  a  tract  of  land 
re  described  as  con- 
flf  to  Connecticut  by 
ge,  should  set  off  to 
width  from  the  tract 
This  agreement  was 
in  1684  the  tract  ou 

m  in  1685  by  Major 
both  parties.    {Vide 

t  lands  was  not  made 

sides  toflxtheUne, 


this  Ix'iiig  the  fifth  set  appointed  for  the  same  purpose,  none  of  which 
had  been  able  to  come  to  nn  agreement. 

Tlic  commissioners  of  1725,  however,  entered  into  articles  of  agree- 
inoiit  se  ^ling  the  manner  of  the  survey.  They,  bowover,  ran  only  the 
line  bounding  the  iract  on  Long  Ishnid  Sound. 

I'or  some  cause  action  was  then  suspended  until  1731,  when  the  com- 
missioners of  1725  surveyed  and  set  off  the  oblong  or  equivalent  terri- 
tory to  New  "York,  defining  and  marking  its  boundary,  which  was  to 
ivuiaiii  forever  the  dividing  line  between  the  respective  States  (then 
colonies).  The  line  was  substantially  as  at  present,  and  is  as  follows, 
viz : 

Buginning  at  Lyon's  Point,  in  the  mouth  of  a  brook  or  river  called  Byrani's 
Rixcr,  where  it  falls  into  Long  iHland  Sonnd,  and  running  thence  up  along  said 
river  to  a  rock  at  the  ancient  road  or  wadiug-place  in  said  river,  which  rock  bears 
iiortli  twelve  degrees  and  forty-five  minutes  east,  five  hundred  and  fifty  rods  from 
Haiti  point;  then  north  twenty-three  degrees  and  forty-five  minutes  west,  two  thou- 
saiid  two  hundred  and  ninety -two  rods;  then  east-northeast,  thirteen  miles  and  sixty- 
four  rods,  which  lines  were  established  in  the  year  one  thousand  sev«n  hnndred  and 
twenty-five,  by  Francis  Harrison,  Cadwaller  Colden,  and  Isaac  Hicks,  commissioners 
on  the  part  of  the  then  province  of  New  York,  and  Jonathan  Law,  Samuel  Eells, 
Roger  Walcott,  John  Copp,  and  Edmund  Lewis,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the 
then  (Mvlony  of  Connecticut,  and  were  run  as  the  magnetic  needle  then  pointed;  then 
along  an  east-northeast  continuation  of  the  last-mentioned  course,  one  mile,  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile,  and  twenty-one  rods,  to  a  monument  erected  in  the  year  one 
thonHiunl  seven  hundred  and  thirty-one  by  Cadwaller  Colden,  Gilbert  Willett,  Vin- 
cent Matthews,  and  Jacobus  Bruyn,  jr.,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  said  province, 
and  Samuel  Eells,  Roger  Walcott,  and  Edmund  Lewis,  commissioners  on  the  part  of 
Haid  colony,  which  said  monument  is  at  the  southeast  comer  of  a  tract  known  and 
(liBtiiigaished  as  the  oblong  or  equivalent  land(  ;  then  north  twenty-four  degrees  and 
thirty  minutes  west,  until  intersected  by  a  line  run  by  said  last-mentioned  commis- 
gioners,  on  a  course  south  twelve  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  west,  from  a  monument 
erected  by  them  in  the  south  bounds  of  Massachusetts,  which  monnment  stands  in  a 
valley  intheTaghkanick  Mountains,  one  hnndred  and  twenty-one  rods  eastward  from 
a  h(;ap  of  stones  in  said  bounds,  on  the  top  or  ridge  of  the  most  westerly  of  said 
mountains ;  then  north  twelve  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  east  from  a  mounment 
erected  by  said  last-mentioned  commissioners  at  said  place  of  intersection,  and  stand- 
ing on  the  north  side  of  a  hill,  sontheasterly  from  the  eustornmost  end  of  the  long 
pond,  along  the  aforesaid  lino  to  the  aforesaid  monument  erected  in  thesonth  bounds 
of  MitHsachnsetts — being  the  northeast  comer  of  the  oblong.  (See  Revised  Statutes 
of  N.  Y.,  1881,  Vol.  I,  pages  12H-9.) 

For  more  than  a  century  no  controversy  arose,  but  subsequent  to  1850 
questions  of  jurisdiction  were  raised,  and  in  1855  Connecticut  made  a 
proposition  for  a  new  survey.  Several  sets  of  commissioners  were 
iipitointed,  but  no  agreement  being  reached,  finally,  in  1860,  pursuant 
to  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  New  York,  the  line  was  run  by  the  New 
York  commissio  .xTs,  Connecticut  not  being  represented. 

Tiie  first  section  of  the  act  of  the  New  York  legislature  is  as  follows, 
i  viz : 

1.  The  commissioners  appointed  by  the  governor  to  ascertain  the  boundary  line  be- 
I  tween  the  States  of  New  York  and  Connecticut  are  hereby  empowered  and  directed 


74 


BOTTNDARTES    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


[BULt.l7l. 


fitl! 


l¥.  If 


to  survey  and  mark,  with  snitable  monnments,  the  aaii  line  between  the  two  Statei 
OM  fixed  by  the  $urvey  of  1731. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the  engineer's  report  of  the  line  mn 
under  direction  of  the  commissioners  from  New  York,  the  Gonnecticot 
comtnissiouers  declining  to  be  present  or  assist,  viz: 

Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Connecticut,  at  the  monument 
erected  by  the  commissioners  of  New  York  and  Connecticut  in  1 731,  lati- 
tude 42°  02'  58".64,  longitude  73°  30^  06".66;  thence  south  11°  20'  west, 
464  chains,  to  the  ''47th  mile  monument ;  thence  south  12^  34'  west,  239 
chains,  57  links,  to  the  44th  mile  monument  point;  thence  south  11<^33' 
west,  100  chains  99  links,  to  the  42d  mile  monument ;  thence  south  13° 
16'  west,  161  chains  24  links,  to  the  40th  mile  monument  point ;  thence 
south  12^  21'  west,  398  chains  21  links,  to  the  35th  mile  monument; 
thence  south  12<^  32'  west,  158  chains  96  links,  to  the  33d  mile  monu- 
ment; thence  south  IV^  44'  west,  243  chains  37  links,  to  the  30th  mile 
monument ;  thence  south  12<^  27'  west,  161  chains  32  links,  to  the  28th 
mile  monument ;  thence  south  10<3  56'  west,  160  chains,  to  the  26th  mile 
monument  point ;  thence  south  11°  39'  west,  320  chains  11  links,  to  the  22d 
mile  monument;  thence  south  12o  18'  west,  163  chains  17  links,  to  the 
20th  mile  monument ;  thence  south  11<^  49'  west,  159  chains  9  links,  to 
the  18th  mile  monument;  thence  south  12^  W  west,  157  chains  15 links, 
to  the  16th  mile  monument;  thence  south  10°  11'  west,  161  chains 
7  links  to  the  14th  mile  monument ;  thence  south  1(P  51'  west,  313  chains 
41  links,  to  the  10th  mile  monument  point;  thence  south  12°  24'  west, 
155  chains  71  links,  to  the  8th  mile  monument ;  thence  south  1(P  19'  west, 
159  chains  28  links,  to  the  6th  mile  monument  point ;  thence  south  12<> 
10'  west,  164  chains  42  links,  to  the  4th  mile  monument ;  thence  south 
lio  44/  west,  158  chains  99  links,  to  the  2-mile  monument;  thence  south 
140  10'  west,  109  chains  41  links,  to  the  Bidgefleld  angle  monument ;° 
thence  south  25<^  8'  east,  213  chains  39  links,  to  the  4th  mile  monument 
on  the  east  line  of  the  oblong  between  the  Wilton  and  Bidgefleld  angles; 
thence  south  24<=>  48'  east,  157  chains  63  links,  to  the  2-mile  monument ; 
thence  south  24^  14'  east,  167  chains  28  links,  to  the  Wilton  angle  mon- 
ument, or  southeast  corner  of  the  oblong  as  set  off  by  the  commission- 
ers of  1731 ;  thence  south  67°  45'  west,  138  chains  76  links,  to  the  south- 
west comer  of  the  oblong,  and  being  where  the  survey  of  1725  termi- 
nated ;  thence  south  65^  44'  west,  90  chains  87  links,  to  a  point  consid- 
ered the  original  12tb  mile  monument  point ;  thence  south  66®  56'  west, 
241  chains  93  links,  to  a  point  called  the  9th  mile  monument ;  thence 
south  66°  45'  west,  319  chains  12  links,  to  the  5th  mile  monument  point; 
thence  south  66°  25'  west,  398  chains  40  links,  to  the  angle  at  the  Duke'R 

'  The  mile  monuments  referred  tx)  are  those,  at  that  time  remaining,  which  wen  | 
established  by  the  Connecticut  and  New  York  oommiBsioners  of  1731. 

*The  entire  distance  from  the  Massachusetts  line  to  Bidgefleld  angle  is  62  miles  35 1 
rods,  a  difference  of  only  5  rods  from  the  survey  of  1731. 


S.  OEOLOOICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN    NO.    171       PL.   XXII 


bhe  line  ran 
Connecticut 


ing,  which  "wert 
;le  ifl  63  miles  35 


It 

> 
o 


19 

Z 

J 

> 
< 

a. 


\ 


J 
< 


2 
U 


2 
O 
X 

< 

I 
(fl 


n' 


z 
< 

u 

I 


i  r  1:1 


BOUNDARY   BETWEEN   CONNECTICUT  AND   NEW   YORK. 


OANNBTT.] 


roNNErTiriTT. 


75 


Trees )  thence  Bonth  23°  38'  east,  172  chains  93  links,  to  a  point  which  is 
west-southwest  and  distant  32  rods  from  the  chimney  in  the  old  Clapp 
hoase ;  thence  south  24P  21'  east,  224  chains  78  links,  to  a  point  opposite 
the  old  William  Anderson  house ;  thence  south  24°  lO'  east,  173  chains  7 
links,  to  the  great  stone  at  the  ancient  wading  place  on  Byrom  Biver; 
thence  south  17°  45'  west,  12  chains  60  links,  to  a  rock  in  the  river  which 
can  be  seen  at  low  tide,  in  which  there  is  a  bolt ;  thence  south  27°  west, 
55  chains  19  links ;  thence  south  7°  2(V  east,  13  chains  45  links ;  thence 
south  12°  10'  east,  16  chains  13  links ;  thence  south  2P  40'  east,  9  chains 
4 links;  thence  south  28<3  25' east,  9  chains 54  links;  thence  south  18° 40*' 
east,  4chains  77  links ;  thence  south  11*^55'  west,  6  chains33  links ;  thence 
south  58°  10'  west,  to  where  it  falls  into  the  sound.  (See  report  of  the 
commissioners  to  ascertain  and  settle  the  boundary  line  between  the 
States  of  New  York  and  Connecticut,  February  8,  ld61,  in  which  will 
also  be  found  a  complete  account  of  this  controversy.) 

In  1880  commissioners  were  appointed  by  Connecticut  and  New  York. 
Their  report  was  ratified  in  1880. 

These  commissioners  reported  as  follows,  viz : 

We  agree  that  the  boundary  on  the  land  constituting  the  western  boundary  o£  Con- 
neotiout  and  the  eastern  boundary  of  New  York  ehall  be  and  is  as  the  same  was  de- 
fined by  monuments  erected  by  oonimiaaioners  appointed  by  the  State  of  New  York, 
and  completed  in  the  year  1860,  the  said  boandary  line  extending  from  Byram  Point, 
formerly  called  Lyon's  Point,  on  the  sontb,  to  the  line  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts 
on  the  north. 
And  we  farther  agree  that  the  boandary  on  the  soond  shall  be  and  la  as  follows : 
Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  center  of  the  channel,  about  600  feet  sooth  of  the  ex- 
treme rooks  of  Byram  Point,  marked  No.  0,  on  appended  United  States  Coast  Survey 
chart ;  thence  ronning  in  a  true  southeast  coarse  3^  statute  miles ;  thence  in  a  straight 
line  (the  arc  of  a  great  circle)  northeasterly  to  a  point  4  statute  miles  doe  south  of 
New  London  Light-House ;  thence  northeasterly  to  a  point  marked  No.  1 ,  on  the  annexed 
United  States  Coast  Sorvey  chart  of  Fisher's  Island  Sound,  which  point  is  on  the 
longitude  east  three-qoarters  north,  sailing  coarse  down  on  said  map,  and  is  about 
1,000  feet  northerly  from  the  Hommock  or  North  iDumpling  Light- House ;  thence  fol- 
lowing said  east  thiee-fourths  north  sailing  coarse  as  laid  down  on  said  map,  easterly  to 
a  point  marked  No.  2  on  said  map ;  thence  sontheasterly  to  a  point  marked  No.  3  on 
Bald  map ;  so  far  as  said  States  are  coterminoas.  (See  Bevised  Statutes  of  New  York, 
1881,yol.,  I,  pageise.) 

The  above  agreement  concerning  these  boundaries  between  Connec- 
ticut and  New  York  was  confirmed  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
on  February  26, 1881.    (See  Revised  Statutes  of  United  States,  1881.) 

(For  the  history  and  present  location  of  the  eastern  boundary  of  Con- 
necticut, vide  Massachusetts,  p.  61,  and  Rhode  Island,  p.  70.  For  the 
northern  boundary,  vide  Massachusetts,  p.  64.)  . 

Under  the  charter  of  1662  Connecticut  claimed  a  large  western  ter- 
ritory. Subsequent  to  the  Revolution,  however,  in  1786, 1792, 1795,  and 
1800,  she  relinquished  all  title  to  any  land  west  of  her  present  boundary. 


i 


I     i 

i 


!?     t: 


m'' 


76 


BOITNDAIIIKS    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


NEW   YORK. 


[Brti,.  171 


The  territory  included  iu  tLe  present  State  of  New  York  waH  em 
braced  in  the  French  and  English  grants  of  1603  and  1606.  The  J3utch 
however,  in  1613  established  trading  posts  on  the  Hudson  River  ani 
claimed  jurisdiction  over  the  territory  between  the  Connecticut  and  Del 
aware  Rivers,  which  they  called  New  Netherlands.  The  governmen 
was  vested  in  "The  United  New  Netherland  Company,"  chartered  ii 
1616,  and  then  in  "  The  Duteh  West  India  Company,"  chartered  in  1621 

In  1664  King  Charles  II  of  England  granted  to  his  brother,  the  Duki 
of  York,  a  large  territory  in  America,  which  included,  with  other  lands 
all  that  tract  lying  between  the  west  bauk  of  the  Connecticut  Bive 
and  the  ea)=>t  bank  of  the  Delaware.  The  Duke  of  York  had  previously 
purchased,  in  1663,  the  grant  of  Long  Island  and  other  islands  on  tbi 
New  England  coast,  made  in  1635  to  the  Earl  of  Stirling,  and  in  1064 
with  an  armed  fleet,  he  took  possession  of  New  Amsterdam,  which  wa^ 
thenceforth  called  New  York.  This  conquest  was  confirmed  by  tin 
treaty  of  Breda,  in  1667. 

The  following  is  an  extract  ti-om  the  grant  of  1664  to  the  Duke  o 
York: 

All  that  parte  of  the  luaiiio  laDd  of  New  Englaud  beginuing  at  a  certaiue  ]>\m 
called  or  knowne  by  the  name  of  St.  Croix  next  adjoyniiig  to  New  Scotland  in  Anier 
icaand  from  thence  extending  along  the  sea  coast  unto  a  certain  place  called  Pitimi 
quine  or  Peniaquid  and  so  up  the  River  thereof  to  the  further  head  of  ye  same  us  i 
tendeth  northwards  and  extending  from  thence  to  the  River  Kinebequi  and  m  ii|| 
wards  by  the  shortest  course  to  the  River  Canada  northward  and  also  all  that  Isluu 
or  Islands  commonly  called  by  the  severall  name  or  names  of  Matowacks  or  Loii 
Island  scituate  lying  and  being  towards  the  west  of  Cape  Codd  and  ye  narrow  HiJ 
ansetts  abutting  upon  the  uiaine  land  between  .the  two  Rivers  there  called  or  kuowf 
by  the  severall  names  of  Conecti(;ult  and  Hudsons  River  togather  also  with  the  sa 
river  of  Hudsons  River  and  all  the  land  from  the  west  side  of  Conecticutt  to  yo  ea 
side  of  Delaware  Bay  and  also  all  those  severall  Islands  called,  or  knowne  by  tl 
names  of  Martin's  Vinyard  and  Nantukes  otherwise  Nantuckett  togather  with  all  f 
lands  islands  soyles  harbours  mines  minerals  quarryes  woods  marshes  waters  laH 
ffishings  hawking  hunting  and  ffowling  and  all  other  royalltyes  proffltts  comni(J 
tyes  and  hereditaments  to  the  said  severale  island  lauds  and  premisses  belonging 
appertaining  with  theire  and  every  of  theire  appurteuances  and  all  our  estate  rij 
title  interest  benefitt  advantage  claime  and  demand  of  iu  or  to  the  said  landH  t 
premises  or  any  part  or  parcel!  thereof  and  the  revercon  and  revercous  remainder  I 
remainders  togather  with  the  yearly  and  other  ye  rents  revenues  and  profHtts  on 
and  singular  the  said  premisses  and  of  every  part  and  parcell  thereof  to  have  uiil 
hold  all  and  singular  the  said  lands  islands  hereditaments  and  premisses  with  i 
and  every  of  their  appurtepanoee. 

In  July,  1673,  the  Duteh  recaptured  New  York  and  held  it  unlj 
was  restored  to  the  English  by  the  treaty  of  Westminster,  in  Febnif 
1674. 

The  Duke  of  York  thereupon,  to  perfect  his  title,  obtained  a 


U.  h.  OEOLOOICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       HL.   XXIII 


New  York  waw  em 
d  1606.    The  I3utch, 
,  HudHOii  River  and 
Dounecticut  aud  Del 
8.    The  government 
npany,"  chartered  in 
iy,»  chartered  in  1C21, 
his  brother,  the  Duke 
ded,  with  other  lands, 
le  Connecticut  Kiver 

York  had  previously 
I  other  islands  on  the 
Stirling,  and  in  1064, 
Lmsterdam,  which  was 
was  confirmed  by  the 

of  1664  to  the  Duke  ol 


HISTORICAL   DIAGRAM    OF   NEW   YORK 


inuing  at  a  certaiue  plaie 
5  to  New  Scotland  in  Amer 
certain  place  called  Pttiis 
rther  head  of  ye  same  as  it 
liver  Kinebequi  and  so  up  I 
rard  and  also  all  that  IslaudI 
mes  of  MatowackB  or  Loug 
e  Codd  and  ye  narrow  Hig  [ 
tivers  there  called  or  kuownel 
r  togather  also  with  the  sa 
ide  of  Conecticutt  to  yo  eastl 
;ds  called,  or  knowue  by  thtj 
tuckett  togather  with  sill  yej 
woods  marshes  waters  lakttl 
royalltyea  proffitts  coaiiiiodil 
and  premisses  belonging  aui 
nces  and  all  our  estate  righll 
■  in  or  to  the  said  lands  andj 
and  revercons  remainder  i 
9  revenues  and  proffitts  of  alij 
larcell  thereof  to  have  aiulij 
ents  and  premisses  with  theii 

fork  and  held  it  until  I 
Westminster,  in  Febniaryl 


1     L    L.     ij     1     N     D. 

'    0     H 

>-N  r"                                            ^  '■■■ 
/p^     P      E      N      N.        ^ 

<^wEST     J^y^\9-'^^r\ 

S  V  1  R  G  1  N  1  A     iT              (f     \  C'    *^7 

Y  Cut  off /^         ^^a/ 

<                )                  /               '\ 

s.         L.^-^.^z-y"^        Vs 

\     "'^^  /                     0^7/ 

VI     B    G     »      ^             X^ 

-/     T     e[    N      N      E     S     S      E     E 

..^./■■'  N   ,  C  A  R  0    L   1    N  A^ 

HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM   OF  VIRGINIA. 


lis  title,  obtained  a 


H 


j 

■j]  ; 

i     i    ] 

'    1    I 

1 

OANNKTT.l 


NKW    YORK. 


77 


grant,  iu  substantially  the  same  terms  aa  that  of  1664  (C.  and  C,  p. 
1328),  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract,  viz: 

•  •  •  »  •  •  • 

AU  that  part  of  the  niaiu  land  of  New  England,  beginning  at  a  certain  place 
citlled  or  known  by  tbe  name  of  Baint  Croix  neze  adjoining  to  Now  Scotland  in 
America,  and  from  thence  extending  along  tbe  nea-coaat  into  a  certain  place  called 
Petnaquim  or  Pemqnid,  and  no  up  tbe  river  tbereof  to  the  furthest  head  of  the  same 
w  it  windeth  northward  and  extending  from  tbe  river  of  Kinebeqn  and  so  npwarda 
by  the  shortest  course  to  the  river  Canada  northwards ;  and  all  that  island  or  isl- 
ands commonly  called  by  the  several  name  or  names  of  Matowacks  or  Long  Islands, 
gitoate  and  being  toward  the  west  of  Cape  Cod  and  the  narrow  Higansnts  abutting 
npou  tbe  main  land  between  the  two  rivers  there  called  or  known  by  the  several 
iiameH  of  Connecticut  and  Hudson  Rivers,  together  also  with  the  said  river  called 
HadHon's  River,  and  all  tbe  lauds  from  the  west  side  of  Conneoticnt  River  to  the  east 
side  of  Delaware  Bay ;  and  also  all  those  several  islands  called  or  known  by  the 
uauies  of  Martin  Vinyard  and  Nantukes,  otherwise  Nantaokett. 


By  these  grants  to  the  Duke  of  York  and  the  conquest  of  the  Dutch 
possessions  iv  America,  it  will  be  seen  that  New  York  originally  had  a 
claiui  to  a  much  larger  territory  than  is  now  included  in  her  limits.  The 
successive  changei  iu  her  extent  may  be  sketched  as  follows,  viz: 

In  1664  the  Duke  of  York  sold  the  present  State  of  New  Jersey  to 
Lord  John  Berkeley  and  Sir  George  Carteret. 

Iu  1682  the  Duke  of  York  sold  to  William  Penn  his  title  to  Delaware 
land  tlie  country  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Delaware,  which  had  been 
originally  settled  by  the  Swedes,  then  conquered  by  the  Dutch,  and 
1  which  bad  by  them  been  surrendered  to  the  Duke  of  York. 

In  1686  Pemaquid  and  its  dependencies  were  annexed  to  the  New 
JEugland  government  by  a  royal  order,  the  Duke  of  York  having  ac- 
jceded  to  the  throne  of  England. 

liy  tbe  cliarter  of  KiOl  to  Massachusetts  Bay,  all  claim  to  any  part 

'Maine  was  extinguished,  and  the  islands  ot^Nantucket,  Marthas 
rineyard,  and  others  adjacent  (hitherto  known  as  Duke's  County, 
few  York),  were  annexed  to  Massachusetts  Bay. 

The  territory  west  of  the  Connecticut  River  to  within  about  20  miles 
f>f  the  Hudson  River,  now  forming  a  portion  of  Massachusetts  and  Con- 
jiecticut,  w«re,  by  agreements  and  concessions  made  at  various  periods, 
jiurrendered  to  those  States  respectively. 

In  1781  New  York  released  to  the  General  Government  all  the  lands 

which  she  had  claim  west  of  a  meridian  extending  through  the  west 
Ixtremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  in  1790  she  gave  up  all  claim  to  the 
present  State  of  Vermont  and  consented  to  her  independence. 

By  these  successive  reductions  New  York  was  left  with  substantially 

er  present  boundaries. 

(For  the  history  and  settlement  of  the  eastern  boundary  of  New  York, 

^de  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut,  ante  pp.  52,  68,  and  72.) 

The  northern  boundary  was  settled  by  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1783 
Bull.  171 6 


78 


noiTNDAKIKS    OK    THK    INITKI)    STATES, 


li'i'i.i..ia 


i'1'« 


•J'! 


1 ; 


aud  by  the  coai mission  under  the  sixth  article  of  the  treaty  ul  (ilibotl 
( Vide  p.  13.) 

The  boundary  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey  was  plainly  stated! 
in  the  grant  by  the  Duke  of  York  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret.  (  Vide  Nei| 
Jersey,  p.  82.) 

In  1719  attempts  were  made  to  have  the  line  run  and  marked,  bnt| 
nothing  seems  to  have  been  done  to  settle  the  matter  permanently  i 
1769,  when  commissioners  were  appointed  by  the  King,  who  fixed  od| 
substantially  the  present  line.    (Vide  B.  S.  N.  J.,  1821,  pp.  29-34.) 

In  1772  this  line  was  confirmed  by  the  legislatures  of  both  coloDieti,| 
and  commissioners  were  appointed  to  survey  and  mark  the  same. 

This  line  was  as  follows,  viz : 

A  diroct  aud  straight  line  from  the  fork  or  branch  formed  by  the  Junction  uf  thtl 
Btrcam  or  waters  culled  the  Machackamack  with  the  river  Delaware  or  Fishkill,  iel 
the  latitude  of  41°  21'  37",  to  a  rock  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson  River,  marked  iJ 
the  said  surveyors  in  the  latitude  of  41<^ — said  rock  was  ordered  to  be  marked— viti| 
the  following  words  and  figures,  viz:  "Latitude  41°  north ;"  and  on  the  Boutb  sidi 
thereof  "New  Jersey";  and  on  the  north  side  thereof  "New  York";  also,  to 
every  tree  that  stood  on  the  line  with  five  notches  and  a  blaze  on  the  northwest  < 
southeast  sides  thereof,  and  to  put  up  stone  monuments,  at  1  mile  distance  from  ( 
other,  along  the  said  line,  and  to  number  such  monuments  with  the  number  of  iniletl 
the  same  shall  be  from  the  before-mentioned  marked  rook  on  the  we^«t  i  ide  of  HikIbodi 
River,  aud  mark  the  words  "New  Jersey"  on  the  south  side,  and  the  words  "Neil 
York"  on  the  north  side,  of  every  of  the  said  monuments.  (See  R.  S.of  N.  J.,  1821 J 
pp.  29-a4.) 

The  above  was  confirmed  by  the  king  in  council  September  1,  ITii 
In  the  year  1833  commissioners  were  appointed  by  New  York  aDij 

Few  Jersey  for  the  settlement  of  the  territorial  limits  and  jurisdictii 

of  the  two  States. 
In  the  following  year  the  commissioners  made  the  following  agr 

ment,  which  was  ratified  by  each  State  and  confirmed  by  Congress,  viil 


#!! 


UNITBD  STATKS    STATUTES  AT  LARGE.     TWKNTY-THIRD  CONQRESS,  SESSION  I.     IS 

AN  ACT  giving  tlio  consent  of  CongreM  to  an  agreement  or  compact  entered  into  between  theSU 
of  New  York  and  the  Stato  of  Kew  Jersey,  respecting  the  territorial  limits  and  Jnrisdiotion  of  i 
States. 

AuTicLB  FIRST.  The  boundary  line  between  the  two  States  of  New  York  and  N«j 
Jersey,  from  a  point  in  t^e  middle  of  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  point  on  the  wej 
shore  thereof,  in  the  forty-first  degree  of  uorth  latitude,  as  heretofore  ascertained, 
marked,  to  the  main  sea,  shall  be  the  middle  of  the  said  river,  of  the  bay  of  Nej 
York,  of  the  waters  between  Staten  Island  aud  New  Jersey  aud  of  Raritan  Bay,  to  t 
main  sea ;  except  as  hereinafter  otherwise  particularly  mentioned. 

Article  sbcond.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  retain  its  present  jurisdiction | 
and  over  Bedloe's  and  Ellis's  Islands,  and  shall  also  retain  exclusi\  e  jurisdictioDJ 
and  over  the  other  islands  lying  in  the  waters  above  mentioned  and  now  under  tl 
jurisdiction  of  that  State. 

Article  third.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  have  and  eqjoy  exclusive  JuriBdicti 
of  and  over  all  the  waters  of  Hudson  River  lying  west  of  Manhattan  Island  and  to  i 
south  of  the  mouth  of  Spuy  tenduyvel  Creek ;  and  of  and  over  the  lands  covered  bjlj 
said  waters  to  the  low- water  mark  on  the  westerly  or  New  Jersey  side  thereof; 


In  18 
Ibetweei 
[have  hi 
|Rev.  of 

The  a 
Ibetweei 
[legislati 
jbe  cons 
jacts  of 


(iANNKTT.) 


NKW    VORK. 


V,) 


ji'ct  to  the  fullowin);  rights  of  property  and  of  Juriodictioii  of  the  Btste  of  New  Jer> 
Hey,  that  ia  to  say : 

1.  The  State  of  Now  Jersey  shall  have  the  exclusive  right  of  property  in  and  to  the 
laud  under  water  lying  west  of  the  middle  of  the  bar  of  New  York,  and  west  of  the 
middle  of  that  part  of  the  Hudson  River  which  lies  between  Manhattan  Island  and 
New  Jersey. 

2.  The  State  of  New  Jersey  shall  have  the  exclusive  Jurisdiction  of  and  over  the 
whurvuH,  docks,  and  improvements  made  and  to  be  made  on  the  shore  of  the  said 
Siat(< ;  (ind  of  and  over  all  vessels  aground  on  said  shore,  or  fastened  to  any  snoh 
» liitrt  or  dock,  except  that  the  said  vessels  shall  be  subject  to  the  quarantine  or  health 
laws,  »nd  laws  in  relation  to  passengers,  of  the  State  of  New  York,  which  now  exist 
ur  w  liich  may  hereafter  be  passed. 

'6.  The  State  of  New  Jersey  shall  have  the  oxclnsivo  right  of  regulating  the  fisheries 
on  the  westerly  side  of  the  middle  of  said  wat«rs:  Provided,  That  the  navigation  be 
not  obstructed  or  hindered. 

Article  fourth.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  have  exclusive  Jurisdiction  of  and 
over  the  waters  of  the  Kill  Von  Knil  between  Staton  Island  and  New  Jersey  to  the 
weHtemmost  end  off  Hhorter's  Island  in  respect  to  such  quarantine  laws,  and  laws 
relating  to  passengers,  as  now  exist  or  may  herc.'ifter  be  passed  under  the  authority  of 
that  State,  and  for  executing  the  same;  and  the  said  State  shall  also  have  exclusive 
jnriHdiction,  for  the  like  purposes,  of  and  over  the  waters  of  the  sound  from  the  west- 
eniiost  end  of  Shorter's  Island  to  Woodbridge  Creek,  as  to  all  vessels  bound  to  any 
port  in  the  said  State  of  New  York. 

Akticlb  fiith.  The  State  of  New  Jersey  shall  have  and  enjoy  exclusive  Jnrisdio- 
tioti  of  and  over  all  the  waters  of  the  sound  betweeu  Staton  Island  and  New  Jersey 
lying  south  of  Woodbridge  Creek,  and  of  and  over  all  tbo  waters  of  Baritan  Bay  lying 
westward  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  light-house  at  Prince's  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  Mat- 
tavuu  Creek ;  subject  to  the  following  rights  of  property  and  of  Jurisdiction  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  that  is  to  say : 

1.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  have  tbo  exclusive  right  of  property  in  and  to  the 
land  under  water  lying  between  the  middle  of  the  said  waters  and  Staten  Island. 

2.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  have  the  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  and  over  the 
wharves,  docks,  and  improvements  made  and  to  be  made  on  the  shore  of  Staten  Isl- 
and, and  of  and  over  all  vessels  aground  on  said  shore,  or  fastened  to  any  such  wharf  or 
dock ;  except  that  the  said  vessels  shall  be  subject  to  the  quarantine  of  health  laws, 

i  and  laws  in  relation  to  passengers  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  which  now  exist  or 
which  may  hereafter  be  passed. 

3.  The  State  of  New  York  shall  have  the  exclusive  right  of  regulating  the  fisheries 
1  between  the  shore  of  Staten  Island  and  the  middle  of  said  waters :  Provided,  That 

the  navigation  of  the  said  waters  be  not  obstructed  or  hindered. 


mii 


In  1876  commissioners  were  appointed  to  re-locate  the  land  boundary 
[between  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  replace  monuments  that  may 
have  become  dilapidated  or  removed,  or  to  erect  new  ones,  etc.  ( Vide 
|Rev.  of  N.  J.,  1877.) 

The  above  commissioners  found  in  some  cases  a  slight  discrepancy 
Ibetween  the  original  marks  and  the  verbal  description  thereof,  and  the 
[legislatures  of  each  State  ordered  that  the  original  monuments  should 
Ibe  considered  the  true  boundary.  {See  acts  of  New  York,  1880,  and 
lacts  of  New  Jersey,  1881.) 


I    I 


80 


BOUNDAKIKS    OF    THK    UNITKI)    STATKS. 


|i"'ii.,i:! 


I 


; 


Til  1881  u, joint  4;onuiiiHMi()ii  of  tliu  two  Statt^H  was  appointtMl  t'ortlii:| 
piirpoHe  of  rotru<5iii^   anil   irinarkinj^,  in    a   perinanunt  inaniu;r,  tli 
boundary.    This  work  waH  (;onipIete«]  in  a  thorough  niannur  in  lM8:t. 

In  1887  a. joint  conmiission  of  the  t./o  8tateH  wan  appointed  to  (htcrl 
mine  and  mark  the  boundary  between  the  two  Htaten,  through  itaiitaiil 
Hay.  This  commission  came  to  an  agreement,  the  terms  of  whi(  h  arj 
as  follows : 

Fiml.  From  "Great  Beds  light-honse,"  in  Uuritaii  Ray,  north,  twenty  ileKrrcMNisl 
tuen  niiiiuteH  west,  true,  to  a  point  in  the  middle  of  the  wutorH  of  Arthur  Kill,iiri 
Htaten  iHlantl  Sound,  equidistunt  liutwcun  tlie  aouthwu^terly  cornor  uf  the  dwrllio' 
houHe  (if  David  C  Hutlor,  at  Ward's  I'oint,  on  Stuten  Island,  in  the  Statu  <>l' Neil 
Yorlc,  at  the  Houtheasterly  corner  of  tlie  brirli  building  on  the  landH  of  Cortlamlir 
L.  Parker,  at  the  intcrseotioii  of  the  woHterly  lino  of  Water  street  with  the  uortliith| 
line  of  Lewis  street,  in  Perth  Am  boy,  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

Second.  From  "Great  Beds  light-house"  south,  sixty-four  degrees  and  tweiiiy-nDti 
minutes  east,  true  (8.  64"  21'  E.),  in  line  with  the  center  of  Waackaack  or  Wilson^ 
beacon,  in  Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  to  a  point  at  the  intersection  of  Haiil  lb 
with  a  line  connecting  "  Morgan  No.  2"  triangulation  point,  U.  S.  Coast  ami  V,n\ 
detio  Survey,  in    Midtllesex    County,   New  Jersey,  with    the  "(ilraiiite  ami  Iroi 
beacon,"  marked  on  the  accompanying  maps  as  "  Uomer  stone  beacon,"  sitiialoil 
the  "Dry  Komer  shoal;"  and  thence  on  a  line  Itearing  north,  seventy-seven  <li  jjrw 
and  nine  minutes  east,  true  (N.  77°  !>'  E.),  connecting  "Morgan  No.  2"  triaiiKiilJ 
tion  point,  U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  in  Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey,  witl| 
said  " Romer  stone  beacon "  (the  line  passing  through  said  beacon  and  ooiitiiiii 
in  the  same  direction),  to  a  point  at  its  interseetion  with  a  line  drawn  between  tliJ 
"Hook  beacon,"  on  Sandy  Hook,  Now  Jersey,  and  the  triangulation  point  (ifilJ 
ir.  8.  Geodetic  Survey,  known  as  the  Oriental  Hotel,  on  Coney  Island,  New  VdrtI 
then  southeasterly,  at  right  angles  with  the  last  mentioned  line  to  the  main  Mtn. 

Third.  The  monumental  marks  by  which  said  boundary  line  shall  be  heicali^ 
known  and  recognized  are  hereby  declared  to  be  as  follows: 

1.  The  "Great  Beds  light-house." 

2.  A  permanent  monument  marked  "State  boundary  line  New  York  ami  Nel 
Jersey,"  and  to  be  placed  at  the  intersection  uf  the  line  drawn  from  the  "(<trt 
Beds  light-house"  to  "Waackaack  or  Wilson's  beacon,"  Monmouth  County.  Xei 
Jersey,  and  the  line  drawn  from  "Morgan  No.  2"  triangulation  point,  U.  S.  Coa 
and  Geodetic  Survey,  in  Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey,  to  "Romer  stone  bejiconl 

3.  Eight  buoys  or  spindles,  to  be  marked  like  the  permanent  monument  ;iIk)| 
mentioned,  and  placed  at  suitable  intervening  points  along  the  line  from  tln' 
permanent  monument  to  the  "Romer  stone  beacon." 

4.  The  "Romer  stone  beacon." 

In  the  year  1774  commissions  were  ai)point«'(i  by  New  York  and  PenJ 
sylvania  to  fix  the  beginning  of  the  forty-thini  degree  of  north  latituf 


|BI'M„1I1, 


>poiiitu(l  lor  tlitl 
it  niaiiner,  tliitl 
,unor  in  1H8;1 
loiiited  to  <U'ter| 
hrough  Kiiiitanl 
ms  of  whi(  li  iml 

iwenty  deKr'''* »\\ 

of  Arthur  Kill, nth 
lur  of  the  dwi'llio; 

tho  Htutu  of  Neil 
liindH  of  CortlanilJ 
with  tho  uortlurhl 
r. 

BOB  and  twciily-iinJ 
ckiiack  or  WilsouJ 
rsection  of  Haiill 

S.  CoaHt  and  (in 
'(■raiiite  and  Iroi 
eacoii/'  sitiiattMlo 
onty-seven  <ltj^r« 

No.  2"  triaiiKuld 
r,  New  JorHey,  witl 
lou  and  ooiittniiiiiJ 
Irawu  botwfoii  tU 
latiou  [loint  of  ly 

Inland,  New  Viirli| 
bo  the  main  n<n 

shall  he  liervattJ 


Jew  York  and  Xei 
n  fioui  tho  'Mini 
iioutli  County, 
1  point,  U.  8.  Coij 
uicr  stone  hoaoon,] 
it  monument  a 
le  lino  from  tin 


(T  York  and  Vm 

of  north  latitiii 


' 

'. 

'i' 

* 

^ 

; 

'•i| 

k 

m 

•;■ 

ft 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

;ANSF.ri-.] 


NEW    YORK. 


81 


Ion  the  Mohawk  or  western  branch  of  Delaware  River,  which  is  the 
northeast  corner  of  Pennsylvania,  and  to  proceed  westward  and  fix  the 
nine  between  Pennsylvania  and  New  York. 

These  commissioners  reported  in  December  of  the  same  year  that 
they  fixed  the  said  northeast  comer  of  Pennsylvania,  and  marked  it  as 
jfollows,  via : 

Ou  a  Hmall  island  in  the  said  river  they  planted  a  stone  marked  with  the  letters 
>nd  ti^nres,  New  York,  1774,  cut  on  the  north  side  thereof;  and  the  letters  and  fig- 
ures, latitude  42°  variation  4°  20',  cut  on  the  top  thereof;  and  in  a  direction  due 
ircBt  from  thence  on  the  west  side  of  the  said  branch  of  Delaware,  collected  and 
blaced  a  heap  of  stones  at  the  water  mark  ;  and  proceeding  further  west  four  perches, 
blanted  another  stone  in  the  said  line  marked  with  the  letters  and  figures,  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1774,  cat  on  the  sonth  side  tiiereof,  and  the  letters  and  figures,  latitude  42° 
variation  4°  20',  cut  on  the  top  thereof,  and  at  the  distance  of  eighteeu  perches  due 
rest  from  the  last-mentioned  stone  marked  an  ash  tree.  The  rigor  of  the  season  pre- 
jrented  them  runuing  the  line  farther. 

Nothing  farther  seems  to  have  been  done  until  1 78C-'7,  when  com- 
liasioners  were  appointed  to  finish  the  work  thus  begun  {see  Gary  & 
Jiordeii'a  Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  Vol.  Ill,  page  392),  and  the  lines  were 
lu  und  monuments  erected.  The  line  was  ratified  in  1 789,  and  is  as 
dIIows.  viz : 

Beginning  at  a  point  in  Lake  Erie,  where  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States 
ud  Great  Britain  is  intersected  by  a  meridian  line  drawn  through  the  most  westerly 
en^  or  inclination  of  Lake  Ontario ;  then  south  along  said  meridian  line  to  a  monument 
1  the  beginning  of  the  forty-third  degree  of  north  latitude,  erected  in  the  year  one 
bonsaud  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  by  Abraham  Herdenbergh  and  William 
J,  Morns,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  this  State,  and  Andrew  Ellicott  and  Andrew 
porter,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  purpose  of  mark- 
bg  the  termination  of  the  line  of  jurisdiction  between  this  State  and  the  said  State 
Pennsylvania ;  then  east  along  the  line  established  and  marked  by  said  last-men- 
^oned  commissioners  to  the  ninetieth  mile-stone  in  the  same  parallel  of  latitude, 
cted  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hnndred  and  eighty-six,  by  James  Clinton 
ad  Simeon  DeWitt,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  this  State,  and  Andrew  Ellicott, 
Dmmitwloner  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania  ;  which  said  ninetieth  mile-stone  stands 
I  the  western  side  of  the  south  branch  of  the  Tioga  River;  then  east  along  the 
De  eHtablished  and  marked  by  said  last-mentioned  commissioners,  to  a  stone  erected 
I  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-four,  on  a  small  island  in  the 
elaware  River,  Toy  Samuel  Holland  and  David  Rittenhonse.  commissioners  •n  the  part 
'  the  colonies  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  for  the  purpose  of  marking  the  begin- 
agof  the  forty-third  degree  of  north  latitude :  then  down  along  said  Delaware  River 
•  a  point  opposite  to  the  fork  or  branch  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  stream  called 
^ahackamack  with  the  said  Delaware  River,  in  the  latitude  of  forty-one  degrees, 
renty-one  minutes  and  thirty-seven  seconds  north ;  then  in  a  straight  line  to  the 
brmination  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Delaware  Ri  ver  of  a  line  run  in  the  year  one 
pousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-four,  by  William  Wickham  and  Samuel  Qale, 
bmmiasiouers  on  the  part  of  the  then  colony  of  New  York,  and  John  St«ven8  and 
jTalter  Rutherford,  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  then  colony  of  New  Jeney. 
I  Revised  Statntes  of  Nev  York,  1881.) 

The  meridian  line  lorming  the  western  boundary  of  New  York  was 

reyed  and  mapped  in  1790  by  Andrew  Ellicott,  as  United  States 

ttinmissioner  (Pa.  Axshives,  Vol.  XII — Map),  and  the  latitude  formerly 


;f ' ! 


^  i 

n; 

! 

ft' 

s  1 

ll^ 

1 

r 

1 

III 

T 

H 

|1 

1 

i' 

Mm* 

t" 

I: 

II 

[i 

82 


BOUNDARIES   OF   THE    XTNITED   STATES. 


[BULL.  171 


inscribed  on  the  monnment  on  Lake  Erie,  fixing  the  western  boandai^, 
was  42°  16'  13".    The  report  of  the  commissioner  has  not  been  fouiuj. 

In  1865  Dr.  Peters,  director  of  Hamilton  College  Observatory,  under 
the  directions  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  New  York,  determined 
the  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  boundary  monument  aforesaid,  with 
the  following  result :  Latitude,  42°  16'  2".8 ;  longitude,  79°  45'  64".4. 
( Vide  Dr.  Peters'  Report,  1868.) 

In  1877  the  parallel  of  the  forty-second  degree  north  latitude  was 
ascertained  at  four  points,  by  the  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Joint 
Boundary  Commission,  with  the  following  result,  viz : 

1.  At  Travis  Station  (Hale's  Eddy),  very  near  the  east  end  of  that 
part  of  the  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  line  supposed  to  be  on  the 
forty  second  parallel,  the  old  line  was  found  to  be  276  feet  north  of  the 
parallel. 

2.  At  Finn's  Station,  about  20  miles  from  east  end  (Great  Bend),  the 
line  is  350  feet  south  of  the  parallel. 

3.  At  Burt's  Station,  about  70  miles  from  east  end  (Wellsburg),  tlie  | 
line  is  760  feet  north  of  the  parallel. 

4.  At  Clark's  Station,  abo"t  253  miles  from  east  end  (Wattsburg),  the  j 
line  is  150  feet  north  of  the  parallel. 

(See  pamphlet,  Report  of  Penn.  Board  of  the  Penn.  &  N.  Y.  .loint  | 
Boundary  Comm.) 


NEW   JERSEY. 

Although  the  original  grants  froi*«  the  French  and  English  so\ 
ereigns  of  1603  and  1606  covered  the  territory  forming  the  present  j 
State  of  New  Jersey,  the  grant  which  first  directly  relates  to  New  Jei 
sey  is  that  given  in  1664  by  the  Duke  of  York  to  Lord  John  Berkelejl 
and  Sir  George  Carteret,  two  months  before  the  setting  out  of  his  ex  [ 
pedition  to  take  possession  of  New  York. 

The  following  extract  from  that  grant  defines  the  boundaries,  viz: 

All  that  tract  of  land  adjacent  to  New  England,  and  lying  and  being  to  the  westl 
ward  of  Long  Island  and  Manhitas  Island,  and  bounded  on  the  east  part  by  tihe| 
main  sea  and  part  by  Hudson's  Biver,  and  hath  upon  the  west  Delaware  Buy  orl 
river,  and  extendetb  southward  to  the  main  ocean  as  far  as  Cape  May,  at  the  m  'I 
of  Delaware  Bay,  and  to  the  northward  as  far  as  the  northernmost  branch  of  tho  Himil 
bay  or  ri  //  of  Delaware,  which  is  forty-one  degrees  and  forty  minnt«s  of  latitudfi 
and  oroaseth  OTcr  thence  in  a  strait  line  to  Hudson's  River  in  forty-one  degrees  of  latil 
itnde ;  which  said  tract  of  land  is  hereafter  t<o  be  called  by  the  name  or  names  of  Nefl 
Ceaserea  or  New  Jersey.  ( Vide  Qrants,  Conoesstona,  etc.,  of  New  Jersey,  Leni)iiD|| 
&,  Spicer,  p.  8.) 

In  March,  1673,  Lord  Berkeley  sold  his  undivided  moiety  of  New  Jerl 
sey  to  John  Fenwick,  by  whom,  in  the  following  year,  it  was  again  Hold| 
July  1, 1676,  was  executed  the  famous  ''Qnintipartite  deed,"  by  wbio 


[BCLL.171 

m  boundary, 
t  been  found, 
oratory,  under 
t,  determined 
foresaid,  with 
790  45'  54".4. 

latitude  was 
lylvania  Joint 

st  end  of  that 

to  be  on  the 

}t  north  of  the 

•eat  Bend),  the 

STellaburg),  the 

^attsburg),  the 

&  N.  Y.  Joint 


I  Englisb  sov 
ig  the  prefiOTitl 
tes  toNew  Jer 
John  Berkeley 
g  out  of  his  ex  [ 

ndaries,  viz : 

being  to  the  westl 

east  part  bythej 

Delaware  Bny  oil 

May,  at  the  m     i 

branch  of  the  Baiiij 

inntes  of  latiturtej 

one  degrees  of  Iftti  I 

le  or  names  of  Nefl 

Jersey,  LeaiiiiDlT 

ety  of  New  Jetl 
;  was  again  soldi 

deed,"  by  wbid 


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jl7<)l  t 
((lor  til 
jgiirror 
Iwere  r 
grants 

(For 
p.  78.) 

The 
liie  w( 
p.  82.) 

The 
Revise 

Low-Y 
fcircle  fn 

In  IS 
lence  i 
boanda 
lurisdic 
|s  a  1)01 
1185. 
In  17 
^ania  t< 
fithin 
[)ws: 
First 
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f.ANNETT.l 


NEW    JERSEY. 


83 


the  eastern  part  was  given  to  Sir  George  Carteret,  to  be  (jailed  East  New 

Jersey,  and  the  western  part  to  the  other  proprietors,  to  be  called  West 

JNew  Jersey.    Sir  George  Carteret,  at  his  death  in  1678,  left  his  land  to 

(be  sold.    It  was  sold  in  1682  to  the  twelve  proprietors,  who  admitted 

jother  i)artners. 

Confirmation  grants  were  made  to  the  proprietors  of  both  provinces 
[by  the  Duke  of  York,  and  confirmed  by  the  King,  but  between  1697  and 
jl70l  the  proprietors  repeatedly  made  petitions  to  be  allowed  to  surren- 
(dor  tlieir  right  of  government  to  the  Crown.  Accordingly,  in  1702,  the 
Ltrronder  was  made  and  accepted  by  the  Queen,  and  both  parts  united 
[were  made  the  province  of  New  Jersey.  ( Vide  Leaming  and  Spicer's 
[grants,  etc.) 

(For  the  history  of  the  northern  and  eastern  boundary,  vide  New  York, 
p,  78.) 

The  grant  from  the  Duke  of  York  to  Berkeley  and  Carteret  defined 
Jlie  west  boundary  of  New  Jersey  to  be  the  Delaware  River.    ( Vide 
p.  82.) 
The  line  between  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  is  thus  described  in  the 
Jevised  Statutes  of  Delaware,  p.  2,  viz : 

Low-water  mark  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  river  Delaware,  within  the  twelve-mile 
jcircle  from  New  Castle  and  the  middle  of  the  bay,  helow  said  circle. 

In  1876  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey  authorized  the  governor  to  com- 
Qence  a  suit  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  to  settle  the 
boundary  between  New  Jersey  and  Delaware.  New  Jersey  claimed 
iurisdiction  to  the  middle  of  the  Delaware,  so  far  as  the  river  and  bay 
|s  a  boundary  between  the  two  States.  ( Vide  Revision  of  New  Jersey, 
p.  1185.) 

In  1783  Commissioners  were  appointed  by  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 
jraniii  to  settle  the  jurisdiction  of  the  river  Delaware  and  the  islands 
rithin  the  same.  Their  report  was  ratified,  and  is  in  substance  as  fol- 
[)ws: 

First.  It  is  declared  that  the  river  Delaware  from  the  station  point 
^r  northwest  corner  of  New  Jersey,  northerly  to  the  place  upon  the  said 
iver  where  the  circular  boundary  of  the  State  of  Delaware  touches 
^pon  the  same,  in  the  whole  length  and  breadth  thereof,  is  and  shall 

nntinne  to  be  and  remain  a  common  highway,  equally  free  and  open 
[or  the  use,  benefit,  and  advantage  of  the  said  contracting  parties,  etc. 

Second.  That  each  State  shall  enjoy  and  exercise  a  concurrent  juris- 
diction within  and  upon  the  water,  and  not  upon  the  dry  land  between 

he  shores  of  said  river,  etc. 

Third.  That  all  islets,  islands,  and  dry  land  within  the  bed  and  be- 

<feen  the  shores  of  said  river,  and  between  said  station  point  northerly 
knd  the  falls  of  Trenton  southerly,  shall,  as  to  jurisdiction,  be  hereafter 
|eemed  and  considered  as  parts  and  parcels  of  the  State  to  which  such 

nsulated  dry  land  doth  lie  nearest  at  the  time  of  making  this  agree- 


!i:' 


84 


HOUNDAUIKK    OF    THE    TTNTTET)    STATES. 


[nri.i.lTl, 


meut,  and  that  from  said  falls  of  Trenton  to  the  State  ol  Delaware 
southerly,  certain  islands  (in  the  cigreement  they  are  named  B)  be  an 
nexed  to  each  State  respectively.  ( Vide  Revision  of  New  Jersey,  p. 
1181.) 

In  1786  commissioners  were  appointed  by  New  Jersey  and  PennHyl- 
vania  for  more  accurately  determining  and  describing  the  islands  men- 
tioned in  the  foregoing  agreement ;  that  is,  those  in  the  Delaware  from 
the  northwest  corner  of  New  Jersey  down  to  the  falls  of  Trenton.  Their 
report  was  ratified,  and  a  long  list  of  islands,  described  by  name  in  the 
act,  were  annexed  to  each  State  respectively.  ( Vide  Revision  of  New. 
Jersey,  pp.  1182-'3.) 


■  ■■;'         vy 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

The  Swedish  West  India  Company,  chartered  by  the  King  of  Swe- 
den in  1625,  established  the  first  permanent  settlement  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Delaware,  occupying  a  part  of  the  territory  now  in  Pennsylvania 
and  Delaware,  although  the  Dutch  had  previously  established  trading 
posts,  which  had  been  destroyed  by  the  Indians.  The  Swedes  acquired, 
by  successive  purchases  from  the  Indian  chiefs,  all  the  land  extending 
from  Cape  Henlopen  to  the  great  falls  of  the  Delaware,  calling  it  New 
Sweden.    ( Vide  0.  and  C,  p.  1509.) 

In  1655  this  territory  was  surrendered  to  the  Dutch.  ( Vide  Hazard's 
Annals  of  Pennsylvania,  p.  185.) 

By  the  conquest  of  the  New  Netherlands,  in  1664,  the  Duke  of  York 
seems  to  have  successfully  claimed  the  settlements  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  Delaware  as  a  part  of  his  dominions. 

In  1681  Charles  II  of  England  granted  to  William  Penn  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvaaia.  The  following  extract  from  the  charter  defines  the 
boundaries : 

*  *  •  all  that  Tracto  or  Parte  of  Land  in  America,  with  all  the  Islanda  therein 
coDteyned,  as  the  same  U  bounded  on  the  East  by  Delaware  River,  from  twelve  miles 
distance  Northwards  of  Now  Castle  Townennto  the  three  and  fortieth  degree  of  North 
erne  Latitude,  if  the  said  River  doeth  extende  so  farre  northwards;  Bnt  if  the  Hniil 
River  shall  not  extend  soe  farre  Northward,  then  by  the  said  River  soe  farr  as  it  dotb  I 
extend ;  and  from  the  head  of  the  said  River  the  Eastern  Bounds  are  to  bee  determined 
by  a  Meridian  Line,  to  bee  drawue  from  the  head  of  the  said  River,  unto  the  said  three 
and  fortieth  degree.  The  said  Lands  to  extend  westwards  five  degrees  in  longitude,  tu 
bee  computed  from  the  said  Easteme  Bounds ;  and  the  said  Lands  to  bee  bounded  ou 
the  North  by  the  beginning  of  the  three  and  fortieth  degree  of  Northern  Latitude,  and 
on  the  South  by  a  Circle  drawne  at  twelve  miles  distance  from  New  Castle  Northward 
and  Westward  unto  the  beginning  of  the  fortieth  degree  of  Northern  Latitude,  and  | 
thence  by  a  streight  Line  Westward  to  the  Limit  of  Longitude  above  mentioned. 

William  Penn,  in  order  to  perfect  his  title,  procured  of  the  Duke  of  I 
York  a  deed  bearing  date  August  21, 1682,  by  which  the  Duke  of  York 
conveyed  to  him  all  title  and  claim  which  he  might  have  to  the  province  | 
of  Pennsylvania.     ( Vide  Hazard's  Annals  of  Pa.,  586  el  8eq.) 


lliI'MlTl 


OANNKTT.] 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


85 


il  Delaware 
d  6)  be  an 
w  Jersey,  p. 

ud  PeniiMyl- 
islands  men- 
slaware  from 
nton.  Tbeir 
name  in  the 
sion  of  New. 


iing  of  Swe 
be  west  bank 
Pennsylvania 
ished  trading 
des  acqaired, 
nd  extending 
tailing  it  New 

Vide  Hazard's 

)uke  of  York 
west  bank  of 

the  Province 
Br  defines  the 

Islands  therein 
•om  twelve  mi  li> 
degree  of  North- 
But  if  the  Hiiiii 
)e  farr  as  it  dotb 
beedetermiiiwi 
ito  the  said  tlin* 
in  longitude,  to 
bee  bounded  ou 
rn  Latitude,  and 
astle  Northward 
•n  Latitude,  and  I 
mentioned, 
the  Duke  of  I 
Duke  of  York 
the  province  | 
q.) 


He  also  purchased  of  the  Duke  of  York  the  territory  now  compris- 
ing the  State  of  Delaware,  which  he  held  until  1701-'2,  when  he  granted 
a  charter  which  enabled  tbem  to  set  up  a  separate  government,  though 
Btill  under  proprietary  control.    ( Vide  O.  and  0.,  p.  270  et  seq.) 

(For  a  history  of  the  northern  and  eastern  boundaries  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, see  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  pp.  80  and  83.] 

That  part  of  the  southern  boundary  of  Pennsylvania  between  Penn- 
sylvania and  Delaware  is  an  arc  of  a  circle,  having  for  its  center  the 
Bteeple  of  the  old  court-house  at  New  Castle,  Del.,  and  a  radius  of  12 
miles.  This  was  surveyed  and  marked  under  a  warrant  from  William 
Peiiu  in  1701.    ( Vide  Hazard's  Annals  of  Pennsylvania.) 

This  circular  line,  in  connection  with  adjacent  lines,  was  made  the 
subject  of  controversy  for  many  years. 

According  to  the  original  grants  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  the 
boundary  between  them  was  to  be  the  fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude. 

This  line  being  found  to  pass  north  of  Philadelphia  and  to  exclude 
Pennsylvania  from  Delaware  Bay,  negotiations  ensued  between  the 
proprietors  to  rectify  this  geographical  blunder,  and  for  nearly  a  cen- 
tury the  matter  remained  unsettled. 

Id  the  year  1732  an  agreement  was  made  to  fix  the  boundary.  Gom- 
missioners  were  appointed  in  that  year,  and  subsequently  in  1739,  to  run 
the  line,  but  they  failed  to  agree,  and  chancery  suits  were  the  result. 
Taking  a  decision  of  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwick  in  1760  as  a  basis  of 
final  adjudication,  an  agreement  was  signed  July  4,  1760.  By  this 
[agreement  the  line  between  Penugylvania  and  Delaware  on  the  one 
part  and  Maryland  on  the  other  was  determined  as  follows,  viz : 

A  due  east  and  west  line  should  be  run  across  the  peninsula  fi*om 
jCape  Henlopen  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay.  From  the  exact  middle  of 
[this line  should  be  drawn  a  line  tangent  to  the  western  periphery  of  a 
circle,  having  a  radius  of  12  English  statute  miles,  measnred  horizon- 
tally from  the  center  of  the  town  of  New  Castle.  From  the  tangent 
l)oint  a  line  should  be  drawn  due  north  until  it  cut  a  parallel  of  latitude 
|l5  miles  due  south  of  the  most  southern  part  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
Ithis  point  of  intersection  to  be  the  northeast  corner  of  Maryland ;  thence 
Ithe  line  should  run  due  west  on  said  parallel  as  far  as  it  formed  a  boun- 
|daiy  between  the  two  governments.    ( Vide  Delaware,  p.  87.) 

In  1760  commissioners  and  surveyors  were  appointed,  who  spent  three 
jears  in  measuring  the  base  line  and  the  tangent  line  between  Maryland 
and  Delaware. 

The  proprietors  then,  wearied  with  the  delay,  sent  over  from  England 
two  famous  mathematicians,  Charles  Dixon  and  Jeremiah  Mason,  who 
rerified  the  work  of  their  predecessors,  and  ran  the  line  west  between 
!*ennHylvania  and  Maryland,  since  known  as  "  Mason  and  Dixon's  line." 

Mason  and  Dixon  fixed  the  latitude  of  this  line  at  39o  43'  18".    A 

survey  in  1860  by  Colonel  Graham  determined  it  to  be  39©  43'  26".3. 


Ip 

1 

i 

11 

i  11. 


86 


HOITNDARTKS    OK    Til K    TTNTTED    STATES. 


[ni'i.i..  171. 


Manon  aud  Dixon  begun  their  work  in  1703,  and  were  stopped  by  In 
dians  in  1707,  having  run  the  line  about  244  miles  west  of  the  Delaware, 
not  quite  finishing  their  work.  They  put  up  mile  stones  all  along  said 
line,  every  fifth  one  being  marked  with  the  arms  of  the  respective  pro 
prietors. 

In  consequence  of  the  accidental  removal  of  the  stone  at  the  nortli 
east  corner  of  Maryland,  commissioners  were  appointed  in  1850  by  Penii 
sylvania,  Delaware,  and  Maryland  to  revise  the  former  survey,  which 
was  done  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Graham,  of  the  United  States  topo- 
graphical engineers.  The  result  confirmed  the  work  of  Mason  and 
Dixon,  and  Maryland  gained  by  the  resorvey  a  little  less  than  two 
acres. 

(For  a  full  report  of  the  running  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  in  1703-^67, 
aud  the  verification  by  Colonel  Graham  in  1850,  see  Senate  Journal  of 
Delaware  for  1851,  pages  56-109.) 

In  1784  the  report  of  the  commissioners  who  had  been  appointed  to  fix 
the  boundaries  between  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  (West  Virginia  then 
foi-ming  part  of  Virginia)  was  confirmed,  and  the  lines  so  fixed  are  as 
follows,  viz: 

The  line  commonly  called  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  to  be  extended  doe  west  five  de- 
grees of  longitnde  from  the  river  Delaware,  for  the  soathem  bonndaiy  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  a  meridian  drawn  from  the  western  extremity  thereof  to  the  northern 
limits  of  the  said  States,  respectively,  be  the  western  boundary  of  Pennsylvania. 
( Vide  C.  and  B.  laws  of  Pennsylvania,  Vol.  II,  p.  495,  and  Hen  lug's  Virginia,  Vol.  XI, 
p.  554.) 

By  the  cession  of  1784,  by  Virginia  to  the  United  States — and  that  of 
1800,  by  Connecticut  to  the  United  States,  and  the  formation  of  the 
State  of  West  Virginia  from  a  portion  of  Virginia  in  1862 — the  above- 
mentioned  meridian  line  becomes  the  boundary  between  Pennsylvania 
on  the  east,  and  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  on' the  west. 

By  an  examination  of  the  cession  of  1781,  by  New  York  to  the  United 
States,  it  will  be  seen  that  a  small  triangular  tract  on  Lake  Erie  was 
left  ill  the  hands  of  the  General  Government.  This  was  sold  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  1792. 


DELAWARE. 

The  State  of  Delaware  was  originally  settled  by  the  Swedes.  ( Yide 
Pennsylvania,  p.  84.)  In  1635  it  was  surrendered  to  the  Dntch,  who, 
in  1664,  in  turn  surrendered  it  to  the  English,  and  it  was  taken  posses- 
sion of  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

William  Penn,  having  received  in  1682  a  grant  of  the  province  of 
Pennsylvania,  bought  of  the  Duke  of  York  the  territory  comprising 
the  oresent  State  of  Delaware     It  was  conveyed  to  him  by  two  deeds 


clANNKTT.] 


DELAWARE. 


87 


of  footfrnent,  dated  August  24,  1682,  one  conveying  the  town  of  New 
Castle  and  a  twelve-mile  circle  aroaiid  the  name,  and  the  other  convey- 
ing all  the  lands  south  of  said  circle  to  Cape  Henlopen.  (See  Hazard's 
Annals  of  Pennsylvania,  p.  588,  et  aeq.) 

Soon  after  the  grant  made  by  the  royal  charter  aforesaid,  an  afl- 
sembly  of  the  province  and  three  lower  counties  (then  called  the  ter- 
ritories) was  called  by  the  proprietary  and  governor  aforesaid,  which 
met  at  Chester  on  the  seventh  day  of  December,  1682,  when  the  follow- 
ing 1:1  ws,  among  others,  were  passed,  to  wit: 

•     •     *     Since    •     •     •     it  has  plnaHnd  King  Charles  the  Recond    •     •     •    to  grant 
'    *     *  William  Penn,  esq.,      •     »     •     tliiH  Province  of  Pennsylvania    •    *    • 
And    *    James  Dnke  of  York  and  Albany    *    *     *    to  release  his  right  and  claim 
•    *    *    to  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania    *    •    »    and    •    •    •    to  grant  unto  the 
naid  William  Penn    •    •    »    all  that  tract  of  land  from  twelve  miles  northward  of  New 
CaRtlfl,  on  the  river  Delaware,  down  to  the  South  Cape  (commonly  called  Cape  Hen- 
lopen, and  by  the  Proprietary  and  Governor  now  called  Cape  Jomns)  lying  on  tbc 
west  Hide  of  the  said  river  and  bay,    *    •    *    lately  cast  into  three  counties,  called 
New  Castlo,  Jones,  and  Whorekills  (alias  New  Dale.    *    *    *    Be  it  enacted    *    * 
that  the  counties  of  New  Castle,  Jones,  and  Whorekills  alias  New  Dale      •    •     • 
are  annexed  to  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.     *     •     «    (Dallas' Laws  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, 1797,  Vol.  I,  Appendix,  p.  24,  et  seq). 

In  1701  William  Penn  granted  a  charter,  under  which  the  province 
of  Pennsylvania  and  the  territories  (as  Delaware  was  then  called)  were 
made  separate  governments,  though  both  were  stiil  under  the  proprie- 
tary government  of  William  Penn.    (C.  &  C,  p.  270.) 

By  the  Revolution  the  "  territories  "  became  the  State  of  Delaware, 
I  with  substantially  her  present  boundaries. 

(For  a  history  of  the  boundaries  between  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania, 
I  vide  Pennsylvania,  p.  85,  and  batween  Delaware  and  New  Jersey,  vide 
1  New  Jersey,  p.  83,  et  seq.) 

From  1732  to  1769  there  was  a  controversy  between  the  proprietors 
[of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  in  regard  to  boundaries  {vide  p.  85). 
The  boundaries  of  Delaware  on  the  north  and  west — Delaware  then  be 
ing  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Pennsvlvania — were  determined  as  follows, 
|viz: 

Beginning  at  Cape  Henlopen  and  running  duo  west  34  miles  o09 
Iperches;  thence  in  a  straight  liuv')  81  miles  78  chains  and  30  links  up 
[the  peninsula  until  it  touches  and  makes  a  tangent  to  the  western  per 
liphery  of  a  cirele,  drawn  at  the  horizontal  distance  of  twelve  English 
Istatute  miles  from  the  center  of  the  town  of  New  Castle. 

From  this  tangent  point  a  line  was  run  due  north  till  it  cut  a  parallel 
lof  latitude  16  miles  due  south  of  the  most  southern  part  of  the  city  of 
|PhiIadelphia.     This  point  of  intersection  is  the  northeast  comer  of 

laryland.    The  tangent  line  bearing  a  little  west  of  north,  the  due 
north  line  from  the  tangent  point  cuts  off  an  arc  of  the  12-mile  circle. 

lie  boundary  line  follows  the  ar<;  of  the  circle  from  the  tangent  point 
troand  to  the  point  where  the  due  north  line  intersects  the  12-mile 


.1 . 


it; 


J: 


! 


:' 


It 


V 


88 


BOUNDARIES    OF   THE    T'NTTKD    STATFfl. 


fBri.!,.  171 


circle,  then  follows  said  due  north  Hue  to  said  northeast  comer  of  Mary 
land.  The  length  of  said  due  north  line  is  5  miles  1  chain  and  60  linkH, 
as  given  by  Mason  and  Dixon.    ( Vide  Jour.  Del.  Sen.,  1851,  p.  56  et  seq.) 

By  the  agreement  of  1760,  based  on  the  decree  of  Chancellor  Hard 
wick,  a  due  east  and  west  line  should  l»e  run  across  the  peninsula  from 
Gape  Henlopen  to  (Chesapeake  Bay,  etc.  The  decree  of  Lord  Hardwick 
says,  touching  the  position  of  Cape  Henlopen, ''  that  Cape  Henlopt^n 
ought  to  be  deemed  and  taken  to  be  situated  at  the  place  where  the  same 
is  laid  down  and  described  in  the  map  or  plan  annexed  to  the  said  arti 
oles  to  be  situated,  and  therefore  his  lordship  doth  further  order  and 
decree  that  the  said  articles  be  carried  into  execution  accordingly,''  etc. 

In  Hazard's  Annals  of  Pennsylvania,  p.  6,  is  found  the  following,  viz: 
"  The  cape  now  called  Henlopen  was  then  called  Oomelis." 

William  Penn  directed  that  Gape  Henlopen  be  called  Gape  James. 
(Vide  Hazard's  Pennnsylvania,  p.  606;  aiwvide  Act  of  anion  of  the 
territories  to  Pennsylvania.) 

The  foregoing  statements  explain  the  seeming  incongroity  between 
the  base  line  across  the  peninsola  and  the  position  of  Gape  Henlopen 
as  laid  down  on  all  modem  maps. 


m 


IB! 


jli 


IIABTLAND. 

The  territory  comprising  the  present  area  of  ]k.'aTyland  was  indnded 
in  the  previous  charters  of  Virginia,  notwithstrmding  whiob,  in  the 
year  1632,  Lord  Baltimore  received  a  royal  giant  of  the  province  of 
Maryland,  whose  boui  iaries  are  defined  in  the  following  extract: 

Ail  that  part  of  the  Peninsula  or  Cheraonese,  lying  in  parts  of  America,  between 
the  ocean  en  the  east  and  the  Bay  of  Chesapeake  on  the  west ;  divided  firom  the  res- 
idue thereof  by  a  right  line  drawn  from  the  promontory  or  headland  called  Watkins 
Point,  situate  upon  the  bay  aforesaid,  near  the  River  Wighoo  on  the  west  onto  the 
main  ocean  on  the  east,  and  between  that  boundary  on  the  south  unto  that  part  of 
the  Bay  of  Delaware  on  the  north,  which  lieth  under  the  fortieth  degree  of  north 
latitude  fix>m  the  equinoctial,  where  New  England  is  terminated ;  and  all  the  tract 
of  that  land  within  the  metes  underwritten  (that  is  to  say),  passing  from  the  said 
bay,  called  Delaware  Bay,  in  a  right  line,  by  the  degree  aforesaid,  unto  the  tnie 
meridian  of  the  first  fountain  of  the  River  Pattowmack ;  thence  verging  towards  the 
south  unto  the  farther  bank  of  the  said  river,  and  following  the  same  on  the  west 
and  south  unto  a  certain  place  called  Cinquack,  situate  near  the  mouth  of  said  river, 
where  it  disembogues  into  the  aforesaid  Bay  of  Chesapeake,  and  thence  by  the  short- 
est line  unto  the  aforesaid  promontory  or  place  called  Watkins  Point,  so  that  the 
whole  tract  of  land  divided  by  the  line  aforeaaid,  between  the  main  ocean  and  Wat* 
kins  Point  unto  the  promontory  oalled  Cape  Charles,  may  entirely  remain  forever 
excepted  to  us    *    *    *    *    *    •  . 

By  an  examination  of  the  limits  laid  down  in  this  charter,  and  a  com- 
parison with  the  several  charters  of  Virginia  and  the  charter  and  deeds 


GANNETT.] 


MARYLAND. 


89 


to  William  Peon,  it  will  be  seen  that  there  was  a  conflict  of  boandaries 
oil  both  sides  of  the  Maryland  grant. 

The  history  of  the  long  controversy  with  Pennsylvania  has  already 
been  given  {vide  Pennsylvania,  p.  85,  and  Delaware,  p.  87).  Virginia  on 
the  south  claimed  the  territory  nnder  her  charters,  and  for  a  time  seemed 
disposed  to  assert  her  claim,  notwithstanding  we  find  in  1638  a  procla- 
mation by  the  governor  and  council  of  Virginia  recognizing  the  prov- 
ince of  Mai  yland,  and  forbidding  trade  with  the  Indians  within  tbe  lim- 
its of  Maryland  without  the  consent  of  Lord  Baltimore  previously  ob- 
tained {vide  Bozman's  Maryland,  vol.  II,  p.  586).  Virginia's  claim  was 
tinally  given  up  by  a  treaty  or  agreement  made  in  1658.  (For  a  full 
account  vide  Bozman's  Maryland,  p.  444  et  seq.) 

In  1663  the  Virginia  assembly  ordered  a  survey  of  the  line  between 
Virginia  and  Maryland  on  the  peninsula,  and  declared  it  to  be  as  fol- 
lows, viz : 

From  Watkins  Point  east  across  the  peninBola. 

They  define  Watkins  Point 

To  be  the  north  side  of  Wicomicoe  River  on  the  Eastern  shore  and  neere  nntc  -%nd 
ou  the  south  side  of  the  straight  liinbe  opposite  to  Patuxent  River. 

( Vide  Heuing's  Virginia,  vol.  II,  p.  184.) 

In  1668  commissioners  were  appointed  by  Maryland  and  Virginia  to 
tix  the  boundary  across  the  peninsula.  The  commissioners  were  Philip 
Calvert,  esq.,  chancellor  of  Maryland,  and  Col.  Edmund  Scarbrugh,  his 
majesty's  surveyor- general  of  Virginia.    Their  report  is  as  follows,  viz: 

*  *  *  After  a  full  and  perfect  view  taken  of  the  point  of  land  made  by  the  north 
Hide  of  Pocomoke  Bay  and  south  side  of  Annamessexs  Buy  have  and  do  ooodnde  the 
saiue  to  be  Watkins  Point,  from  which  said  point  so  called,  we  have  run  an  east  line, 
agreeable  with  the  extreamest  part  of  the  westermost  angle  of  the  said  Watkins 
Point,  over  Pocomoke  River  to  the  land  near  Robert  Holstou's,  and  there  have  marked 
certain  trees  which  are  so  continued  by  an  east  line  running  over  Swansecntes  Creeke 
into  the  marsh  of  the  seaside  with  apparent  marks  and  boundaries  •  *  *  Signed 
Jp  e  25,  1868.  ( Vide  Md.  Hist.  Soe.  Coll.  of  State  papers,  volume  marked  4  L.  C.  B., 
pp.  63-64.) 

Virginia,  by  the  adoption  of  her  constitution  of  1776  (see  Article  21), 
relinquished  all  claim  to  territory  covered  by  the  charter  of  Maryland, 
thereby  fixing  Maryland's  western  boundary  as  follows : 

Commencing  on  a  tme  meridian  of  the  first  fountain  of  the  river  Pattawmack, 
thence  verging  towards  the  south  unto  the  further  bank  of  the  said  river  and  follow- 
ing the  same  on  the  west  and  soath  onto  a  certain  place  called  Ciuquack,  situate  near 
the  mouth  of  said  river  where  it  disembogues  into  the  aforesaid  bay  of  Chessopeake, 
and  thence  by  the  shortest  line  unto  the  aforesaid  promontory  or  place  called  Watkins 
Point,  thence  a  right  line  to  the  main  ocean  on  the  east.    (See  charter  of  Maryland.) 

The  foregoing  are  substantially  the  present  boundaries;  but  from  that 
time  up  to  the  present  a  controversy  has  been  going  on  concerning  them. 

In  1786  a  compact  was  entered  into  between  the  States  of  Maryland 
and  Virginia,  but  as  this  referred  more  partioalarly  to  the  navigatkui 


n: 


*.)() 


B<HTNI>AUIKM    OF   THK    ITNTTKO    STATKS. 


fBri.i.i7i 


and  exerciHe  of  jurisdictiou  ou  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  thu  I'o 
tomac  and  Pocomoke  Biveni.  they  are  not  given  here.  (  Vide  Heniiig'K 
Va.,  Vol.  XII,  p.  60.) 

From  1821  to  1858  frequent  legishition  took  place  in  regard  to  \\m 
boundary. 

In  the  last-named  year  commiHsioners  were  appointed  by  Muryliind 
and  Virginia,  respectively,  who,  with  the  assistance  of  Lieut.  N.  Mich 
ler,  United  States  Engineers,  surveyed  the  lines. 

In  1860  the  governor  of  Virginia,  under  a  resolution  of  the  legisla 
ture,  appointed  and  sent  an  agent  to  England  to  collect  records  and 
documentary  evidence  bearing  ou  this  question. 

The  rebellion  ensuing,  nothing  further  was  done  until  1867,  when 
legislation  again  commenced. 

The  question  of  this  boundary  was  referred  to  arbitrators  by  au 
agreement  made  in  1874,  each  State  binding  itself  to  accept  theii'  award 
as  final  and  conclusive. 

J.  S.  Black,  of  Pennsylvania ;  William  A.  Graham,  of  North  Oaro 
Una,  and  Charles  A.  Jenkins,  of  Georgia,  were  appointed  arbitrators. 

William  A.  Graham  having  died,  James  B.  Beck,  of  Kentucky,  was 
appointed  in  his  stead. 

The  arbitrators  made,  in  1877,  the  following  award,  viz : 

Beginning  at  the  point  on  the  Potomac  River  where  the  line  between  Virginia  and 
West  Virginia  strikes  the  said  river  at  low-water  mark,  and  thence  following  the 
uicanderings  of  said  river  by  the  low- water  mark  to  Smith's  Point,  at  or  near  the 
month  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  latitude  37°  53'  8"  and  longitude  76°  13'  46" ;  theuce 
Grossing  the  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  by  a  line  running  north  65°  30'  east, 
•boat  nine  and  a  half  nautical  miles  to  a  point  on  the  western  shore  of  Smith's 
Island  at  the  north  end  of  Sassafras  Hammock,  in  latitude  37°  57'  13",  longi- 
tude 76°  2'  52" ;  thence  across  Smith's  Island  south  88°  :M)'  east  five  thousand  sii 
hundred  and  twenty  yards  to  the  center  of  Horse  Hammock,  on  the  eastern  shore 
of  Smith's  Island,  in  latitude  37°  57'  8",  longitude  75°  59^  20" ;  thence  south  79" 
30'  east  four  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty  yards  to  a  point  marked  "A" 
on  the  accompanyipg  map,  in  the  middle  of  Tangier  Sound,  in  latitude  37°  5ti' 
42",  longitnde  75°  56'  23",  said  point  bearing  from  James  Island  light  sonth  54° 
west,  and  distant  from  that  light  three  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  yards; 
thence  sontli  10°  30'  west  fonr  thousand  seven  hundred  and  forty  yards  by  a  line  di- 
viding the  waters  of  Tangier  Sound,  to  a  point  where  it  intersects  the  straight  line 
from  Smith's  Point  to  Watkins  Point,  said  point  of  intersection  being  in  latitude  'i7^ 
54'  21",  longitude  75°  56'  55",  bearing  from  James  Island  light  sonth  29°  west  and 
from  Horse  Hammock  south  34°  30^  east.  This  point  of  intersection  is  marked  "  B" 
on  the  accompanying  map.  Thence  north  85°  15'  east  six  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
twenty  yards  along  the  line  above  mentioned,  which  mns  from  Smith's  Point  to  Wat- 
kins  Point  until  it  reaches  the  latter  spot,  namely  Watkins  Point,  which  is  in  lati- 
tude 37°  54'  38",  longitude  75°  52'  44".  From  Watkins  Point  the  boundary  line  i  uus 
due  east  seven  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty  yards  to  a  point  where  it  meetn  a 
line  mnning  through  the  middle  of  Pocomoke  Sound,  which  is  marked  "C "  ou  the 
accompanying  map,  and  is  in  latitude  37°  54'  38",  longitude  75°  47'  50" ;  thence  by  a 
line  dividing  the  waters  of  Pocomoke  Sonud  north  47°  30'  east  five  thousanu  two 
hundred  and  twenty  yards  to  a  point  in  said  sound  marked  "  D"  on  the  aocompau; 
ing  map,  in  latitude  37°  56'  25",  longitude  75°  45'  26" ;  thence  following  the  middle 


tm'i.i.i:i 


oANNirr.] 


MARYLAND DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 


91 


ay,  the  I'o 

de  Heiiiii(;'h 

ard  ti)  tliitt 

ly  Muryliind 
at.  N.  Mi  (ill 

the  legislii 
rocordH  iind 

I  1867,  when 

•ators  by  au 
;  theii"  award 

North  Caro 
arbitrators, 
eutucky,  was 


en  Virginia  aud 
le  following  the 
,  at  or  near  the 
13'  46" ;  theuce 
ih  65°  30'  east, 
lore  of  Smith's 
57'   13",  longi- 
re  thousand  e\i 
16  eastern  shore 
lence  soath  79'^ 
|nt  marked  "A" 
latitude  37°  56  I 
light  south  54° 
id  sixty  yards;  I 
by  a  line  di- 
ihe  straight  line  I 
^  in  latitude  37"^ 
i  29°  west  and 
lis  marked  "B" 
'en  hundred  and  | 
I's  Point  to  Wat 
rhich  is  in  lati- 
idaryline  iuubI 
'here  it  meets  » I 
:ed"C"  ou  the  I 
lo";  thence  by » I 
|e  thonsauu  two| 
the  aooompauy- 
ing  the  middle  I 


of  I'ciuouioke  Biver  b.  ^e  of  irregular  curves,  as  laid  down  on  the  accompanying 
uiu|i,  until  it  iutersects  the  westward  protraotioii  of  the  lioiindary  line  niurlittil  by 
Sciirborongh  and  Calvort,  May  W8,  1668,  at  a  point  in  tbe  middle  of  Pucunioke  River, 
ana  in  the  latitude  37°  59^  37",  longitude  75°  37'  4" ;  thence  by  the  Scarborough  and 
(Calvert  line,  which  runs  6°  15'  north  of  east,  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  latitndM,  longitudes,  courses,  and  distances  bore  given  have  been  measured  upon 
the  Coast  Chart  No.  33  of  U.  8.  Coast  Survey,  sheet  No.  3,  Chesapeake  Bay.  '  *  * 
The  middle  thread  of  the  Pocomoke  River  and  the  low-water  mark  on  the  Potomac 
Ki  ver  are  to  be  measoied  from  headland  to  headland,  without  considering  or  following 
uriuB,  inleta,  oreeks,  bays,  or  a£9nent  rivers.  •  •  •  ( nde  U.  8.  Stat,  at  Large, 
Vol.  XX,  p.  481.) 

This  award  was  ratified  by  the  States  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and 
cuuflrmed  by  Congress  in  1879. 

In  1879-^80  acts  were  passed  by  the  legislatures  of  Maryland  and 
Virginia  to  appoint  commissioners  and  to  reqaest  the  General  Goverii- 
uient  to  designate  one  or  more  officers  of  the  Engineer  Oorps,  said 
commissioners  and  officers  to  survey  and  mark  said  line  and  erect  monu- 
ments thereon. 

West  Virginia  having  been  formed  from  a  part  of  Virginia  and  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union  in  1862,  the  western  boundary  of  Maryland  now 
sepc  rates  it  from  the  State  of  West  Virginia. 

The  commissioners  appointed  in  1859  by  Virginia  and  Maryland  {vide 
p.  90)  surveyed  the  western  boundary  from  the  "Fairfax  Stone"  (the 
first  fountain  of  the  Potomac)  due  north  to  the  Pennsylvania  line,  and 
the  legislature  of  Maryland  in  1860  passed  an  act  declaring  that  liue  to 
to  be  it^    'estern  boundary. 

FroT  "  Fairfax  Stone  "  the  boundary  between  Maryland  and  West 
Virginia  luns  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Potomac  Biver  till  it  strikes 
the  line  between  Virginia  and  West  Virginia. 

(For  a  history  of  the  placing  of  the  Fairfax  Stone,  vide  Virginia,  p.  96.) 


DISTRICT   OP   COLUMBIA. 

On  the  6th  day  of  September,  1774,  the  Continental  Congress  met  at 
Philadelphia.  Two  years  later  they  adjourned  to  Baltimore.  During 
the  Bevolntion  and  subsequent  to  the  treaty  of  peace  they  met  in  vari- 
ous places.  After  the  close  of  the  war  much  debate  took  place  in  re- 
gard to  the  location  of  a  permanent  seat  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States.  Several  States  made  propositions  to  Congress,  offering 
to  cede  certain  lands  for  the  purpose,  but  no  determination  of  the  loca- 
tion was  made  by  Congress  until  1790. 

Aet  of  cession  from  the  State  of  Maryland^  pmsed  December  23, 1788. 

On  the  23d  of  December,  1788,  the  State  of  Maryland  passed  the  fol- 
lowing act,  viz : 

Be  U  enacted  bjf  the  general  otBembly  of  Maryland,  That  the  representatives  of  this 


^■v. . 


92 


BOUNDARIKH    OK   THK    ITNITKD    STATKS. 


[bum.  171 


^1 ' 


J2 


I 


Stete  in  the  Hooae  of  BepraMntetlyes  of  the  Congrew  of  the  United  States,  appointed 
to  aaaemble  at  New  York,  on  the  fint  Wednesday  of  Mnrch  next,  be  and  they  are 
hereby  anthorised  and  required  on  the  behalf  of  this  State  to  cede  to  the  CongreHH  of 
the  United  States,  any  district  in  this  State  not  exceeding  ten  miles  square,  which  the 
Congress  may  fix  upou  and  accept  for  the  seat  of  goverumeut  of  the  United  Stateu. 

In  the  followiug  year  (December  3, 1789),  the  State  of  Virginia  pasued 
a  similar  act,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract : 

Be  it  thenffor«  eiuuAed  by  the  general  aeeembly,  That  a  tract  of  country  not  exceeding 
ten  miles  square  or  any  lesser  quantity,  to  be  located  within  the  limits  of  the  State, 
and  in  any  part  thereof  as  Congress  may  by  law  direct  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
forever  ceded  and  relinquished  to  the  Congress  and  Govemnicnt  of  the  United  Statw, 
'n  full  and  absolute  right  and  exclusive  jnriHdiction,  as  well  of  said  soil  as  of  penoot 
residing  or  to  reside  thereon,  pursuant  to  the  tenor  and  e£fect  of  the  eighth  section 
of  the  1st  article  of  the  Const  itution  of  the  Oovernment  of  the  United  States. 

After  long  discussion,  Congress  in  1 700,  in  view  of  the  foregoing  ceo- 
sions  of  Maryland  and  Vu^iaia,  passed  the  following  act,  viz: 

AN  ACT  fbr  MMbUahing  (h«  temporary  wad  permanent  aeat  of  govemmont  of  the  United  Stiitea. 

Approved  July  16,  1700. 

Sbot.  1.  3eit  emaeted  by  the  Senate  and  Uoune  of  Iteprenentativin  of  the  United  Staten  u/ 
America  in  Congrete  aeeembled,  That  a  district  of  territory,  not  exceeding  ten  miles 
miuare,  to  be  locate<l  as  hereafter  directed  on  the  river  Potowmau,  at  some  place  be- 
tween the  mouth  of  the  Eastern  Branch  and  Counoyovbeque,  be,  and  the  samu  is 
hereby,  accepted  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  government  of  the  Uuite<l  Stated. 
Protiided  nevertheUm,  That  the  operation  of  the  laws  of  the  State  within  such  district 
Mhull  not  be  afifeoted  by  this  acceptance  until  the  time  tixed  for  the  removal  of  the  gov 
ernment  thereto,  and  until  Congress  shall  otherwise  by  law  provide. 

Sbct.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  author- 
ized to  appoint,  and  by  supplying  vacancies  happening  from  refusals  to  act  or  otlu-r 
causes,  to  keep  in  appointment  as  long  as  may  be  necessary,  three  oommiseionfn*, 
who,  or  any  two  of  whom,  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Presidont,  Hurvey,  and  liv 
proper  metes  and  bounds  define  and  limit,  a  district  of  territory,  nndnrtho  limitations 
above  mentioned ;  and  the  district  so  defined,  limited,  and  located  shal!  be  deeinnl 
the  district  aouepted  by  this  act  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  government  of  the 
United  Su  >  i». 

Sbot.  3.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  commissioners,  or  any  two  of  them,  shall 
have  power  to  purohaae  or  accept  such  quantity  of  land  en  the  eastern  bide  of  the  Hiiii! 
river  within  the  said  district  as  the  President  shall  deem  proper  for  the  use  of  the 
United  States,  and  according  to  such  plans  as  the  President  shall  approve.  The  H»i(l 
commissioners,  or  any  two  of  them,  shall,  prior  to  the  first  Monday  in  December  in 
the  year  IHOO,  provide  suitable  buildings  for  the  acoommo<lation  of  Congress,  an<l  of 
the  President,  and  for  the  public  oflloes  of  the  government  of  the  United  States. 

SxcT.  4.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  Huch  purchases  autl 
buildings  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  authorize<l  and  requested  to  avoept 
grants  of  money. 

Sbot.  5.  And  be  it  enaotfd,  That  prior  to  the  first  Moodi*;  in  December  next  all  offioM 
attached  to  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  8tr,t«e  §hsll  be  removed  to,  and 
until  the  first  Monday  in  December  in  the  year  IHOU  shall  remain  rit,the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  at  which  place  the  session  of  Congress  next 
ensuing  the  present  shall  be  held. 

Sbot.  6.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  on  the  first  Moi  .lay  in  December,  in  the  year  inoo, 
the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  Unite<l  States,  shall,  by  virtue  of  this  aot,  betranii- 
ferred  to  the  district  wad  place  aforesaid.  And  all  offices  attached  to  the  said  seat  of 
fP*vemment  ehmV  acoordiugly  be  remove<l  thereto  by  their  respective  holderH,  anil 


[Bn.l.lT! 

s,  ttppoiiited 
md  they  are 
» Congro88  of 
re,  whitih  the 
«d  Statet). 

luia  pa»He(l 

lot  exoeedini; 
of  the  State, 
me  in  hereby, 
jDit«d  Statw, 
aaof  penoDit 
)ighth  section 
tates. 

regoiug  ces 

iz: 

M  United  StatM. 

Jnited  States  «/ 
diug  ten  iiiiles 
ome  place  lie- 
id  the  same  ie 
United  Stiit«8. 
n  such  district 
ival  of  the  gov- 

btes  be  anthor- 

ttot  or  other 

mioiiasiontTK, 

nrvey,  ami  !•> 

;h()  UmitatioiiA 

talk  be  deeiiiHl 

irnmeut  of  tli« 

I  of  them,  shall 

iide  of  the  niiit! 

the  use  of  tlie 

>ve.    The  Maiil 

December  in 

ragress,  ami  "f 

States. 
Iparohaties  atid 
»ted  to  Hoofpl 

p  next  all  ofttcM 
aoved  to,  ui>i) 
I  city  of  Phil* 

I  CongreM  next 


INNFTT.  I 


DTSTKTrT    OF    COIJTMBIA. 


98 


.halJ,  litter  tho  said  day,  cease  to  be  exercised  elHcwbere,  uud  that  the  neceMsary 
fxpciisf  (if  said  removal,  shall  bo  defrayed  out  of  the  duties  on  imposts  and  tonnage, 
lit  \vlii(  li  a  suHicient  sum  is  hereby  appropriated. 

In  the  following  year  the  foregoing  act  was  amended,  in  order  to 
|iii(lij(Ie  a  portion  of  the  Anacostia  River  ("Eastern  Branch"),  an''  tlio 
Itdwn  of  Alexandria  within  the  limits  of  the  district. 

Thu  following  is  the  act  of  amendment: 

I  AN  ACT  to  amend  "An  set  for  Mtabliahlng  the  tempofuy  and  permanent  aeat  of  soyemment  of  the 

United  Statee."    Approred  March  8, 170t. 


I  the  ye»r  IHOO, 
Uwst,  betraiis^ 
Ihe  said  seat  of  I 
Ire  holders,  luni 


^0 1(  enacted,  <fo. ,  That  so  mnoh  of  the  act  entitled  "An  «:ot  f-^c  v.:tabli8hing  the  tem- 
nmr>  aiul  permanent  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  as  requires  that 

kbe  wliiile  of  the  district  of  territory,  not  exceeding  ten  miles  square,  to  be  located  on 

Ihe  river  Potowmao,  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 

all  be  located  above  the  month  of  the  Eastern  Branch,  be  and  is  hereby  repealed, 

nd  that  it  shall  be  lawfnl,  for  the  President  to  make  any  part  of  the  territory  belovr 

aid  limit  and  above  the  month  of  Hnnting  Creek,  a  part  of  the  said  district  so  as  to 

Delude  a  convenient  port  of  the  Eastern  Branch,  and  of  the  lands  lying  on  the  lower 

^de  thereof;  and  also  the  town  of  Alexandria,  and  the  territory  so  to  be  included 

hall  form  a  part  of  the  district  not  exceeding  ten  miles  square  for  the  permanent 

tt  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  in  like  manner,  and  to  all  intents  and 

^urposeH,  as  if  the  same  had  been  within  the  the  purview  of  the  above  recited  act: 
Vovided,  That  nothing  herein  contained,  shall  authorize  the  erection  of  the  public 

|nildiMg8,  otherwise  than  on  the  Maryland  side  of  the  river  Poto^^ao,  as  required  by 
he  aforesaid  act. 

Ill  paroaance  of  the  foregoing  acts,  three  commissioners  were  ap- 
[)inted,  who  made  preliminary  surveys  of  the  territory,  and  on  the  30th 
ay  of  March,  1791,  (Jeorge  Washington,  President  of  the  United  States, 
gned  a  proclamation,  in  which  the  bounds  of  the  said  District  were 
efined  as  follows,  viz: 

I  Beginning  at  Jones'  Point,  being  the  npper  cape  of  Hnnting  Creek,  in  Virginia,  and 

]in  angle  in  the  ontset  of  45°  west  of  the  vorth,  and  running  in  a  direct  line  ten 

[lies  for  the  first  line ;  then  beginning  again  at  the  same  Jones'  Point  and  running 

other  direct  line  at  a  right  angle  with  the  first,  across  the  Potomac,  ten  miles  for 

I  second  line ;  then,  from  the  terminations  of  the  said  first  and  second  lines,  run- 

Dg  two  other  direct  lines,  of  ten  miles  each,  the  one  crossing  the  Potomac  and  the 

her  the  Eastern  Branch  aforesaid,  and  meeting  each  other  in  a  point. 

I  In  1800  Congress  removed  to  this  District.    In  the  following  year 
Dintrict  was  divided  into  two  counties,  as  follows,  viz: 

tITKI)    KTATB8    STATUTES    AT    LAKQE,    SIXTH    CONORR88,    SECOND    SESSION,    1801, 

(CHAPTER  XY). 

AN  ACT  coaoemlnn  the  Dtotrlet  of  CohiniMa. 

on  Maid  District  of  Columbia  shall  be  formed  into  two  counties.  One  county  shall 
ktaiii  all  that  part  of  said  District  which  lies  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  Potomac, 
ether  with  the  islands  therein,  and  shall  be  called  the  county  of  Washington,  the 
er  oounty  shall  contain  all  that  part  of  said  District  which  lies  on  the  west  side  of 

rivi>r,  and  shall  be  called  the  county  of  Ihsxandria;  and  the  said  river,  in  its 
ole  course  thioogb  said  District,  shall  be  tal  en  and  deemed  to  all  intents  and  pur* 

I  to  be  within  both  of  sai'i  counties. 

Bull.  171 7 


94 


BOUNDARIEfl    OF   THE    UNITED   PTATES. 


[Bri.i,.i:i. 


In  1846  Congress  passed  an  act  retrooedinfr  to  the  State  of  Virginia 
that  part  of  the  District  of  Oolnmbia  originally  ceded  to  the  United 
States  by  Virginia.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  said  act  of  retro 
cession : 

That  with  assent  of  the  people  of  the  county  and  town  of  Alexandria,  to  be  asoer'  I 
tained  as  hereinafter  prescribed,  all  of  that  portion  of  the  District  of  Columbia  ceded 
to  the  United  States  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  and  all  the  rights  and  jurisdiction 
therewith  ceded  over  the  same,  be,  and  the  same  are,  hereby  ceded  and  forever  r^ 
linqnished  to  the  State  of  Virginia  in  full  and  absolute  right  and  Jurisdiction,  as  well  | 
of  soil  OS  of  persons  residing  or  to  reside  thereon. 


VIRGINIA. 

In  the  year  1606  King  James  I  of  England  granted  the  "  First  Cliarl 
ter  of  Virginia."    The  boundaries  therein  described  are  as  follows,  vizi 

*  *    *    Situate,  lying,  or  being  all  along  the  sea  coasts,  between  four  and  thirtjl 
degrees  of  northerly  latitude  firom  the  equinoctial  line,  and  five  and  forty  degrees 
the  same  latitude,  and  in  the' main  land  between  the  same  four  and  thirty  and  firij 
and  forty  degrees  and  the  islands  thereunto  ac^acent,  or  within  one  hundred  miles  o 
the  coast  thereof.  '•    •    • 

Soon  after,  in  1609,  a  new  charter  was  granted,  called  the  "  Seconl 
Charter  of  Virginia,"  which  defines  the  boundaries  iu  the  folio winij 
terms: 

*  *    *    Situate,  lying,  and  being  in  that  part  of  Amerita  called  Virginia^ 
the  point  of  land  called  Cape  or  Point  Comfort,  all  along  the  sea  coast  to  the  nortij 
ward  two  hundred  miles,  and  from  the  said  point  of  Cape  Comfort  «li  along  tbei 
coast  to  the  southward  two  hundred  miles,  and  all  that  space  and  circuit  of  lai 
lying  firom  the  sea  coast  of  the  precinct  aforesaid  up  into  the  land,  throughout  1 
sea  to  sea,  west  and  northwest,  and  also  all  the  islands  lying  within  one  hund 
miles  along  the  coast  of  both  soas  of  the  precinct  aforesaid.    •    *    • 

In  1611'-*12  the  "  Third  Charter  of  Virginia"  was  granted,  which  ^ 

an  enlargement  of  the  second,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract: 

All  and  singular  those  islands  whatsoever,  situate  and  being  in  anypartof  thee 
(teas  bordering  upon  the  coast  of  our  said  first  colony  in  Virginia,  and  being  will 
three  hundred  lo      les  of  any  of  the  portes  heretofore  granted  to  the  said  trea 
and  company  in  our  former  letters-patents  as  aforesaid,  and  being  within  or  beti 
the  one-and -fortieth  and  thirtieth  degrees  of  northerly  latitude. 

These  boundaries,  as  will  be  seen,  included  territory  composing  wbo^ 
or  in  part,  the  present  States  of  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryla 
North  and  South  Carolina,  in  addition  to  ethers  formed  since  the  fief 
lution. 

This  large  extent  of  territory  was  reduced  in  the  first  instance  by  I 
charter  of  Maryland  in  1632,  next  by  the  charters  of  Carolina  in  ij 
and  1665,  then  by  the  charter  of  Pennsylvania  in  1681,  and,  again,  i 
sequent  to  the  Revolution,  by  the  cession  to  the  United  States  oil 
teiTitory  northwest  of  the  Oh'o  liiver  in  1784 ;  by  the  admissioil 


(T 


lBri.i..n. 


of  Virginia 
the  United ' 
act  of  retro 


ria,  tobeaaoer- 
Dolnmbia  ceded  I 
knd  jaiisdiction 
and  forever  te- 
jdiotion,  as  well 


B  '<  First  Char 
as  follows,  vizi 
en  fonr  and  thiitj| 
id  forty  degrees  0 
jid  thirty  and  fivi] 
e  hundred  miles  o 

d  the  "  SeconI 
J  the  followin|| 

Aled  Virginia, 
coast  to  the  nortlj 

and  circuit  of  liu 
|d,  throughoTitf 
ithin  one  bund 


imposing  wbo!] 
jware,  Maryla 
since  the  M 

3t  instance  by  I 
Oarolina  in  1^ 
I,  and,  again, 
Ited  States  oil 
Ithe  admissioBl 


< 

z 


<3 


a 

z 
< 


o 

Be 


z 

UJ 
UJ 

$ 

I- 
uj 

> 
ce 
< 
a 

z 

O 
CO 


t  i 


■'J 


\ 


w'l 


it 


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o 


o 


1 

J 

1    ■  t 

; 

fli       i 

^m        i  % 

.; 

^1      s 

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HI  ii 

(3 


■u 


OANNKTT.] 


VIKOTXTA. 


96 


Kt'iiiucky  aa  an  iiidepeudont  Hfatt^  in  1792,  and  laatly  by  tlio diviHion  of 
tlui  territory  of  Virginia  in  18G2,  by  which  the  new  State  of  West  Vir- 
ginia was  created  and  admitted  int/o  the  Union. 

By  the  constitution  of  1776  Vir;nnia  formally  gave  up  all  claim  to  the 
territory  now  appertaining  to  the  neighboring  States  of  Maryland,  Penn- 
sylvania, North  and  South  Carolina. 

Tlic  following  is  an  extract  from  the  Virginia  constitution  of  1776: 

Tl)i'  territories  contained  within  tbe  clmrtorH  erecting  tlie  coldion  of  Maryland, 
I't'iiiiHvlvania,  Nortb  and  Sonth  Carolina,  are  hereby  ceded,  releanud,  and  forever 
I'diirniiicd  to  the  people  of  these  colonies,  reHpectivoly,  with  all  the  rightH  of  prop> 
t>rty,,jnriH(liction,  and  government,  and  all  the  rights  whatsoever,  wbl.h  might  ut 
any  tiiiii*  heretofore  have  been  claimed  by  Virginia,  except  the  free  navigation  and 
use  of  dm  rivers  Potomaqne  and  Pokomoke,  with  the  property  of  the  Virginia  shores 
mil)  sirnuds  bordering  on  either  of  said  rivers,  and  all  improvements  whicli  have  been 
nr  shiill  be  made  thereon.  The  western  and  northern  extent  of  Virginia  shall,  in  all 
Dtlii'i  roHpects,  stand  as  fixed  by  the  charter  of  King  James  I,  in  the  year  one  thou- 
sand hIx  hundred  and  nine,  and  by  the  public  treaty  of  peace  between  the  courts  of 
llritaiii  and  Franco  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty- three,  nnless 
hy  uct  uf  the  legislatnro  one  or  more  governments  bu  established  westwards  of  the 
I  All*'Kl»niy  Mountains. 

In  the  mean  time  a  grant  of  territory  had  been  made,  within  the  pres- 
ent limits  of  Virginia  aad  West  Virginia,  which  caused  great  dissatis- 
I  act  ion  to  the  people  of  the  Virginia  Colony,  and  which  ultimately  had 
nil  important  bearing  in  settling  the  divisional  line  between  Maryland 
I  and  Virginia. 

In  the  21st  year  of  Charles  II  a  grant  was  made  to  Lord  Hapton  and 

otiitTs  of  what  is  cal?.  >1  the  northern  neck  of  Virginia,  which  was  sold 

liy  the  other  patent."''    •  Lord  Culpeper  and  confirmed  to  him  by  letters- 

]i;it('nt  in  the  fourth  year  of  James  II.    This  grant  carried  with  it  noth- 

jiiij:  bnt  the  right  of  soil  and  incidents  of  ownership,  it  being  expressly 

iMiltjccted  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  government  of  Virginia.    The  tract 

|(it  land  thereby  granted  was  '<  bounded  by  and  within  the  heads  of  the 

iv(  IS  Tuppahannock,  alias  Bappahannock,  and  Quiriough,  alias  Pato- 

liuac,  rivers."    On  the  death  of  Lord  Culpeper,  this  proprietary  tract 

jdi'sceuded  to  Lord  Fairfax,  who  had  married  Lord  Culpeper's  only 

laughter. 

As  early  as  1729  difficulties  sprung  up,  arising  from  conflicting  grants 
^rom  Lord  Fairfax  and  the  Crown. 

In  1730  Virginia  petitioned  the  King,  reciting  that  the  head  springs 
JDt  the  Kappahannock  and  Potomac  Bivers  were  not  known,  and  pray- 
ing that  such  measures  might  be  taken  that  they  might  be  ascertained 
|to  the  satisfaction  of  all  parties. 

In  1733  Lord  Fairfax  made  a  similar  petition,  asking  that  a  commis- 
sion might  issue  for  running  out,  marking,  and  ascertaining  the  true 
|)ouiidaries  of  his  grant. 

An  order,  accordingly,  was  issued  and  three  commissioners  were  ap- 

oiuted  on  the  part  of  tiie  Crown  and  three  on  the  part  of  Lord  Fairi'ax. 


M 


Ofi 


norNDARTES    «»K    TTIK    TNITKO    STATKS. 


rmii.i..i:i 


i;  ■; 


The  dnty  which  devolved  npon  these  commiMionero  was  to  ascertHin 
by  actaal  examination  and  survey  the  respeotive  foantains  of  the  Kitp 
pahannock  and  Potomac  Kivere.    This  survey  was  made  in  1736. 

The  report  of  the  commissioners  was  referred  to  the  council  for  plan 
tation  affairs  in  1738,  who  reported  their  decision  in  1746,  as  follows, 
viz: 

*  *  *  Tbe  said  bonndary  ongbt  to  begin  at  the  first  spring  of  tbe  aontb  branch 
of  tbe  river  Rappahau HOC k,  aud  that  tbe  said  lM)undarybe  from  tbeuce  drawn  in  a 
straight  line  northwest  t4i  the  place  in  tbe  Alleghany  Monntaius  where  that  part  of 
the  Potomac  River,  which  is  now  called  Cobongoroota,  first  rises.     *     •    * 

This  report  was  coiitirmed  by  tho  Kin^,  and  commissioners  were  ap 
pointed  to  run  and  mark  the  (bvidin^;  line  accordingly. 

The  line  was  run  in  1746.    On  the  17th  day  of  October,  1746,  tlicv 
))lanted  the  Fairfax  stone  at  the  spot  which  had  been  described  and 
marked  by  the  preceding  commissioners  as  the  true  head  spring  of  tlit* 
Potomac  River,  and  which,  notwithstanding  much  controversy,  \m\ 
continued  to  bo  regarded,  from  that  period  to  the  present  time,  as  tbf  I 
southern  point  of  the  western  boundary  between  Virginia  and  Marv 
land.    ( Vide  Faulkner's  Report  to  Governor  of  Virginia,  1832.    Foj  lull  I 
details,  ride  liyrd  Papers,  1866,  Vol.  II,  p.  63  et  seq.    Also  Heniii},''i*| 
Va.  Statutes.) 

This  tratit  of  country  was  hold  by  Lord  Fairfax  and  his  descendants 
many  years,  but  subsequent  to  the  Revolution  the  quitrents,  chai'p'.s.| 
etc.,  were  abolished  and  it  became  in  all  respects  subject  to  the  juris 
diction  of  Virginia. 

(For  the  history  of  the  settlement  of  the  boundary  lines  between  Vir| 
ginia  and  Maryland,  mde  Maryland,  p.  89.) 

(For  a  history  of  the  boundij-ry  between  Virginia  and  Peniisylvaiiia. 
vide  Pennsylvania,  p.  87.) 

Kentucky  forme<l  originally  a  part  of  the  county  of  Fincastle.  ^  iti 
ginia.  In  the  year  1776,  this  county  was  divided  into  three  count i<>«,| 
the  westernmost  of  which  was  called  Kentucky  County,  and  its  eaxtt mj 
boundary  was  declared  to  l)e  as  follows,  viz : 

A  line  beginning  on  the  Ohio,  at  the  month  of  Great  Bandy  Creek,  and  runnnd 
op  the  same  and  the  mum  or  northeasterly  branch  thereof  to  the  Oreat  Laurel  Uu\g 
or  Cumberland  Monntaius ;  thence  southwesterly  along  the  said  mountain  to  thi 
of  North  Carolina.    (Si^e  Hcning's  BUtutes,  Virginia,  Vol.  9,  p.  2&7  j 

Kentucky  having  been  admitted  into  the  Union  June  1, 1792,  am 
missioners  were  ap|>ointed  in  1 708  oy  Vir^;inia  and  Kentucky  to  fix  il 
boundary.  In  1790-1800  the  commii'.aionerH'  report  was  made  and  raD 
Aed  by  the  States.    It  was  as  follows,  viz : 

To  l>egin  nt  the  point  'fhere  tbe  Carolina,  now  Tennessee,  line  crosses  the  top  of  tlj 
Camberland  Monntains,  near  Ciunberland  Qap,  thence  northeastwardly  along  tl»'  uj 
or  highest  part  of  tbe  said  Ciunberlaud  Mountain,  keeping  between  the  bead  >^  M 
of  Cumberland  nd  Kantook^*  Rivers,  on  tbe  west  side  thereof,  and  the  head  wato 
of  Powell's  and  GaM^a  Bivon,  and  the  Pond  Fork  of  Sandy,  on  tbo  amI  aide  thrn 
fiff""*!/*!  along  tbo  laid  top,  «>.'  hlg  beat  part  of  aafid  mov  jtfn,  afMrfng  the  i 


jBru..i: 


fn 


I  to  ascertain 
}  of  the  Kiip 
D  1736. 
noil  for  plan 
5,  as  followH, 

he  sonth  branch 
euce  drawn  in  it 
lere  that  pan  of 

nere  were  ap 

wr,  1746,  they 
describtid  and 
,  spring  of  tln*l 
otroversy,  liiy<| 
ut  time,  SH  thf 
nia  and  Mary 
1832.    For  lull  I 
Also  Heniiij,'V| 

lis  descendants 
trents,  char^'t'si 
set  to  the  juris 

les  between  Vir 

Peui.8:'lviniia.| 

Fincastle.  'it I 

three  count  it'»,| 

i  and  its  eoMtt ml 

;; reek,  and  ru'iiilii^ 
}reat  Laurel  Ki<l 
juntain  to  thr  iiu 

\f  ) 

le  1, 171>2,  cm 

^tucky  to  fix  1 1 

made  and  niti 

I  the  top  of  (^ 

ardly  along  tli«  M 

en  the  head  >v  i)t« 

nd  the  head  ^'  ><t<i 

i  aide  t  lien 

'the  I 


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a 

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z 
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t- 
ul 

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fiAN'l 


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load  i  I 

Moiin 

wII'h 

jiriiici 

ildwn 

dow  II 

p.  2.(4. 

It  \ 
tVivrU 

(Fo 
iiiiil  N 

In  1 
tilt'  bo 

I  til J  IKS, 

af»i«'e 

lilH'S  t 

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all  terr 

I  from  St 

'IVrinea 

j  I'stablii 
[lows,  V 

A  doe ' 
I  thu  ■ami 

I  northeasl 
I  wliere  th 

In  18' 

liiiu. 

Tenn< 
resoluti< 
coiisidei 
of  Tenn( 

Up  to 
fry  nort 

lOhio  Bi 
loiiio  Kr 

On  th( 
land  48  c 
jthe  new 
[sent  watj 
|fo  West 

ill  187 
IdetenniD 


■•] 


VIUaiNIA. 


97 


Icailiug  over  the  same  at  the  Little  Paint  Gap,  where  by  some  it  ia  called  the  Hollow 
Mountain  and  where  it  terminates  at  the  West  Fork  of  Sandy,  oomuonly  oalled  Rns- 
mII'h  Fork,  thence  with  a  line  to  be  mn  north  Ab°  east  till  it  intersects  the  other  great 
|iriii''ipal  branch  of  Sandy,  commonly  oalled  the  Northeastwardly  branch,  thence 
iImwii  the  said  Northeastwardly  branch  to  its  Junction  with  the  main  west  branch  and 
down  Main  Sandy  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio.  (See  Shepard's  Virginia,  Vol. 9> 
p. -'.14.) 

I I  will  be  seen  that  the  latter  part  of  this  line  is  the  present  line  be- 
tween West  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 

( I'or  the  history  of  the  settlement  of  the  boandaries  between  Yirginiiv 
iind  North  Carolina,  vide  North  Carolina,  vide  p.  100.) 

III  1779  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  appointed  commisHioners  to  rnn 
lilt'  boundary  line  between  the  two  States  west  of  the  Allegheny  Moun- 
tains, on  the  parallel  of  36°  3(K.  The  comnissioners  were  unable  to 
;i{;rt'e  on  the  location  of  the  parallel;  they  tlierefore  ran  two  parallel 
lines  two  miles  apart,  the  northern  known  as  Jlenderson's,  and  claimed 
\)\  Xorth  Carolina,  the  southern  known  as  V^alker's  line,  and  claimed 
Itv  \'  irginia.  In  the  year  1789  North  Carolina  ceded  to  the  United  States 
all  territory  west  of  her  present  boundaries,  an(\  Tennessee  being  formed 
Iroiii  said  ceded  territory,  this  question  became  one  between  Virginia  and 
Tennessee. 

Commissioners  having  been  appointed  by  Virginia  and  Tennessee  to 
establish  the  boundary,  their  report  was  adopted  in  1803,  and  was  as  fol- 
lows, viz: 

A  due  west  line  equally  distant  from  both  Walker's  and  Henderson's,  beginning  on 
the  Bommit  of  the  mountain  generally  known  as  White  Top  Mountain,  where  the 
northeast  corner  of  Tennessee  terminates,  to  tho  top  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain, 
where  the  southwestern  comer  of  Virginia  terminates. 

In  1871  Virginia  passed  an  act  to  appoint  commissioners  to  adjust  this 
line. 

Tennessee,  the  following  year,  in  a  very  emphatic  manner,  passed  a 
resolution  refusing  to  reopen  a  question  regarding  a  boundary  which  she 
cuiisidered  <' fixed  and  established  beyond  dispute  forever."  (See  acts 
of  Tennessee,  1872.) 

Up  to  1783  Virginia  exercised  jurisdiction  over  a  large  tract  of  conn- 
try  northwest  of  the  Ohio  Uiver.  But  by  a  deed  executed  March  1, 
ITsi,  she  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  territory  lying  northwest  of  the 
Oliio  Biver,  thus  making  her  western  boundary  the  west  bank  of  the 
Ohio  River. 

On  the  31st  of  December,  1862,  the  State  of  Virginia  was  divided, 
and  48  counties,  composing  tho  western  part  of  the  State,  were  made 
the  new  State  of  West  Virginia.  By  an  act  of  Congress  in  1866,  con- 
sent was  given  to  the  transfer  of  two  additional  counties  from  Virginia 
to  West  Virginia. 

Ill  1873  and  1877  commissioners  were  ap]K>inted  by  each  State  to 
determine  the  true  boundaries  between  the  two  States,  and  the  General 


M 


F»j     I 


98 


BUUNDAUIKS    <»K    THK    UNITKI)    STATES. 


[bui.i,  in. 


Oovernment  waH  asked  to  detail  officers  of  engineers  to  act  with  said 
commissiouerH  in  surveying  and  fixing  the  line. 

Until  their  report  is  at  hand,  the  boundary  can  only  be  found  by  fol 
lowing  the  old  county  lines.  In  view  of  the  expectation  of  such  ri'iiort 
at  an  early  day,  it  has  not  been  thought  best  to  go  into  an  exaniinatiun 
of  the  old  county  lines. 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


Uri 


{ ' 


This  State  was  set  off  from  Virginia  on  December  31,  1862.  It  was 
originally  formed  of  those  counties  of  Yir^  tiia  which  had  refused  to 
join  in  the  secession  movement.  It  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a 
separate  State,  June  19,  1863.  It  originally  contained  the  following 
counties:  Barbour,  Boone,  Braxton,  Brooke,  Oabell,  Calhoun,  Clay, 
Doddridge,  Fayette,  Gilmer,  Greenbrier,  HaDii)shire,  Hancock,  Hardy, 
Harrison,  Jackson,  Kanawha,  Lewis,  Logan,  Marion,  Marshall,  Mason, 
McDowell,  Mercer,  Monongalia,  Monroe,  Morgan,  Nicholas,  Ohio,  Pcu- 
dleton,  Pleasants,  Pocahontas,  Preston,  Putnam,  Raleigh,  Randolph, 
Ritchie,  Roane,  Taylor,  Tucker,  Tyler,  Upshur,  Wayne,  Webster. 
Wetzel,  Wirt,  Wood,  Wyoming. 

In  1866  it  was  enlarged  by  the  two  counties  of  Berkeley  and  JefferHou, 
transferred  from  Virginia.  Its  boundary  with  Virginia  is  made  up  nt 
boundary  lines  of  the  border  counties  above  enumerated ;  and  can  bt 
defined  only  by  reference  to  the  laws  by  which  these  counties  were 
created.  In  the  constitution  of  1872,  after  a  recapitulation  of  the  couu 
ties  which  were  transferred  from  Virginia  to  West  Virginia,  is  fouud 
the  following  clause  defining  the  boundaries  upon  the  south  and  west; 

The  State  of  West  Virginia  inolndes  the  bed,  bank,  and  ahoies  of  the  Ohio  Rirer, 
and  BO  much  of  the  Big  Sandy  KiTer  ae  was  formerly  inoladed  in  the  Commonwealtli 
of  Virginia,  and  all  territorial  rights  and  property  in  and  Jurisdiction  over  the  wAm 
heretofore  reserved  by  and  vested  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  are  Tested  Id 
and  shall  hereafter  be  exercised  by  the  State  of  West  Virginia ;  and  such  parts  of  tbt 
said  beds,  banks,  and  shores  as  lie  opposite  and  adjoining  the  several  oonnties  of  tliii  | 
State  shall  form  parts  of  said  several  counties  respectively. 

(For  a  history  of  the  boundaries  of  West  Virginia,  vide  Pennsylvania,! 
p.  86;  Marj'land,  p.  89;  Virginia,  p.  05.) 


ii  ii 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 

In  the  year  1603  the  <'  first  charter  of  Carolina''  was  granted,  which, I 
two  years  later,  in  1665,  was  enlarged  by  the  <*  second  charter  of  Carfr| 
Una." 


iBUI.I.,  171. 

act  witb  t^aid 

found  by  fol 

f  such  ri'jiort 

examination 


1862.  It  was 
ad  refused  to 
6  Union  as  a 
the  following 
alhoun,  Clay, 
icock,  Hardy. 
rshall,  Mason, 
tis,  Ohio,  Peu- 
^h,  Randolph, 
^ne,  Websttn, 

and  Jeffersoii. 
is  made  up  of 
1 ;  and  can  1k- 
co  unties  were 
n  of  the  couu 
^nia,  is  fouud 
ith  and  west: 

the  Ohio  River, 
)  Commonwealtli 
an  over  the  Hame 
ia,  are  Te8t«'<l  in 
mch  parte  of  the 

ooantiee  of  tliii 

'ennsylvauia. 


[anted,  which, 
ter  of  Oan^ 


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z 
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ul 
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7) 

Ul 

Z 
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ij 


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u 

5 

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z 

O 


iASNKTT.J 


NOKTII    CAIMLINA. 


00 


The  followiug  extracts  from  these  two  charters  define  the  bonndaries : 

Charter  of  Carolina,  16G3. 

•  •  •  All  that  territory  or  tract  of  ground,  soitnate,  lying  and  being  within  our 
(loiiii  iiions  of  America,  extending  from  the  north  end  of  the  island  called  Luoke  IhIuikI, 
wliii'h  lleth  in  the  Southern  Virginia  Heas.and  within  six  and  thirty  degroi'H  of  tlio 
iiurtliorn  latitude,  and  to  the  west  ue  f or  aa  the  south  seas,  and  ho  southerly  uh  fur  iih 
the  river  Saint  Matthias,  which  bordereth  on  the  coast  of  Florida,  and  within  one  und 
thirty  degrees  of  northern  latitude,  and  so  west  in  a  direct  line  as  far  as  the  south  seus 
aforesaid.     •    •    • 

Charter  of  Carolina,  1665. 

•  •  •  All  that  province,  territory,  or  tract  of  land,  scitnate,  lying  or  boinK  in 
uur  (louiiuions  of  America,  aforesaid,  extending  north  and  eastward  as  far  us  Mic  north 
eud  of  Currituck  River,  or  inlet,  upon  a  strait  westerly  line  to  Wyonoku  Cnttk, 
which  lies  within  or  about  the  degrees  of  thirty-six  and  thirty  miuutes,  northern  iut- 
itiule,  and  so  west  in  a  direct  line  as  far  as  the  south  seas.     •    •    • 

This  is  an  extension  of  the  charter  of  1663,  by  wLioh  its  northern 
boundary  was  removed  from  the  approximate  latitude  of  30°  to  36©  30*, 
on  which  parallel  it  is  now  approximately  established.  Although  the 
exact  year  in  which  the  division  of  the  province  of  Carolina  into  the 
two  provinces  of  North  and  South  Carolina  appears  somewhat  uncer- 
tain, 1  find  it  generally  put  down  as  1729.  The  division  line  between 
the  two  provinces,  North  and  South  Carolina,  appears  to  have  been 
established  by  mutual  agreement. 

In  the  constitution  of  North  Carolina  of  1776  this  line  is  defined  its 
shown  in  the  subjoined  extract: 

The  property  of  the  soil,  in  a  fi-ee  government,  being  one  of  the  essential  rights  of 
tho  collective  body  of  the  people,  it  ia  necessary,  in  order  to  avoid  future  disputes, 
that  the  limits  of  the  State  should  be  ascertained  with  precision  ;  and  as  the  former 
temporary  line  between  North  and  South  Carolina  was  confirmed  and  extended  by 
coiiimissioners  appointed  by  the  legislatures  of  the  two  States,  agreeable  to  the  order 
of  the  late  King  George  II  in  cooncil,  that  line,  and  that  only,  should  be  esteemc<l 
the  soathem  boundary  of  this  State ;  that  is  to  say,  beginning  on  the  sea  side  at  a 
cedar  stake,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Little  River  (beiu);  the  southern  extremity  of 
Brnnswio  Coonty),  and  running  from  thence  a  northwest  course  through  the  bound- 
ary house,  which  stands  in  thirty-three  degrees  fifty-six  minutes,  to  thirty-five  de- 
grooH  north  latitude,  and  from  thence  a  west  course  so  far  as  is  mentioned  in  the 
charter  of  King  Charles  II  to  the  late  proprietors  of  Carolina.  Therefore,  all  the 
territory,  seas,  waters,  and  harbours,  with  their  appurtenances,  lying  between  the 
lii]«  above  described,  and  the  southern  line  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  which  begins 
OD  the  sea  shore,  in  thirty-six  degrees  thirty  minutes  north  latitude,  and  firom  thenco 
runs  west,  agreeable  to  the  said  charter  of  King  Chbrles,  are  the  right  and  pro|terty 
of  the  people  of  the  State,  to  be  held  by  them  in  sovereignty,  any  partial  line,  with- 
out  the  consent  of  the  legislature  of  this  State,  at  any  time  thereafter  directed  or 
laid  out  in  anywise  notwithstanding. 

On  December  2, 1789,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  ceding  to  the 
United  States  its  western  lands,  now  constituting  the  State  of  Tenues- 
fm.  On  February  25,  1790,  the  deed  was  oflfered,  and  on  April  2  of 
thu  same  year  it  was  accepted  by  the  United  States. 


100 


BOUNDAUIKS    OK   THK    IINITKI)    HTATK8. 


IBULL.  171 


In  the  Bevised  Statatet  the  north  and  soath  boandaries  of  the  State 
are  claimed  to  be  as  follows:  The  northern  boundary,  the  parallel  of 
860  30^  •  the  Bonthem  boundary,  a  line  ranning  northwest  from  Goat 
Island  on  the  coast  in  latitude  33°  b&  to  the  parallel  of  350,  and  thence 
along  that  parallel  to  Tennessee;  while  the  western  boundary  is  the 
Smoky  Mountains.  It  is  strange  that  the  Revised  Statutes  should  con 
taiu  such  a  statement  of  the  boundary  lines  when  it  is  thoroughly  ^vell 
known  that  it  is  incorrect,  especially  as  regards  the  southern  boondarv, 
In  the  case  of  the  northern  boundary  the  intention  has  been  ttom  the 
earliest  colonial  times  down  to  the  present  to  establish  a  line  upon  rbe 
parallel  of  36°  30^.  This  is  found  to  be  the  wording  of  every  legislative 
act  relating  to  it,  and  the  errors  of  this  boundary  are  due  simply  to 
errors  in  surveying  and  location.  The  following  brief  and  comprelien- 
sive  sketch  of  the  north  and  south  boundary  lines  of  this  State,  and  of 
the  various  atteu)ptH  made  to  locate  them,  is  taken  from  Professor  Kerr's 
"Geology  of  North  Carolina,"  vol.  I,  page  2: 

"The  first  and  «)uly  Horions  attempt  to  ascertain  the  northern  boundary  wa«  that 
made  in  1728,  by  Col.  Wui.  Byrd,  and  others,  oommissioners  on  the  part  of  the  two 
colonies,  acting  under  Royal  authority.  From  the  account  given  by  Byrd  of  tbiit 
undertaking,  it  appears  that  they  started  from  a  point  on  the  coast  whose  position 
they  determined  by  observation  to  be  in  36°  31',  north  latitude,  and  ran  due  ve*t 
(correcting  for  the  variation  of  the  compass),  to  Nottowiiy  River,  where  they  iiiHdf 
an  oflbet  of  a  half  mile  to  the  month  of  that  stream,  agnin  mnnin<T  west.  The  liu» 
was  run  and  marked  2\2  miles  from  the  coast,  to  a  point  in  StokeH  iinty,  on  the  up- 
per waters  of  the  Dan  River  (on  Peter's  creek)  the  North  Carollua  oommissionm 
accompanying  the  party  only  about  two-thirda  of  the  distance.  Beyond  this  poiut. 
the  line  was  carried  aome  90  miles  by  another  Joint  commission  of  the  two  colonien  in 
1749 ;  this  survey,  terminating  at  Steep  Book  Creek,  on  the  east  of  Stone  Mountttio, 
and  near  the  present  northwest  comer  of  the  State,  was  estimated  to  be  329  miles  from 
the  coast.  In  1779  the  line  was  taken  up  again  at  a  point  on  Steep  Bock  Creek,  d^ 
termined  by  observation  to  be  on  the  parallel  of  38°  30'  (the  marks  of  the  previooi 
survey  having  disappeared  entirely),  and  oarried  west  to  and  beyond  Bristol,  Teua 
essee.  This  last  is  known  as  the  Walker  line,  from  one  of  the  oommissioners  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

These  lines  were  run  and  the  latitude  observations  taken  with  very  imperfect  in- 
struments, and  the  variation  of  the  compass  was  little  understood,  so  that  it  was  not 
possible  to  trace  a  parallel  of  latitude.  The  line,  besides,  was  only  marke<1  on  the 
trees  and  soon  disappeared,  and  as  the  settlements  were  very  scattered  the  loca- 
tion soon  became  a  matter  of  vagne  tradition  and  presently  of  contention  and  litiga- 
tion, so  that  in  16&H,  at  the  instance  of  Virginia,  oommissioners  were  appointed  to  re- 
locate the  line  from  the  end  of  the  Byrd  surrey  westward,  but  for  some  reason  they 
did  not  act.  In  1870  commiHsioners  were  again  appointed  by  Virginia  and  similar 
action  asked  on  the  part  of  this  State ;  and  the  proposition  was  renewed  in  1871,  imt 
inefTeotnally,  as  before.  In  all  these  numerous  attempts  to  establish  the  line  of  divis- 
ion between  the  two  colonies  and  States,  the  intention  and  the  specific  instruct  iom 
have  been  to  ascertain  and  mark,  as  the  boundary  of  the  two  States,  lAe  paralkl  oj 
36°  30'.  The  maps  published  towards  the  end  of  last  century  by  Jeflferson  and  otlxn 
give  that  parallel  as  the  line,  and  the  bill  of  rights  of  North  C*rolina  claims  that 
"all  the  territory  lying  between  the  line  above  described  (the  ;ine  between  Nortb 
and  South  Carolina)  and  the  southern  Une  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  which  begins  on 
the  Ma  shore  in  36°  30*  north  latttode,  and  frtnn  thenoe  runs  wwk,  agroeably  to  tbi 


(BUU.  171 


I  of  the  State 
le  parallel  of 
Bt  from  Goat 
>o,  and  thenc« 
[indary  is  the 
M  should  con 
oronghly  well 
orn  bonndarv. 
been  from  the 
line  npou  the 
ery  legislative 
dne  simply  t« 
id  comprehen- 
\  State,  and  of 
■ofessor  Kerr's 


nndary  wm  that 

part  of  th«)  two 

by  Byrd  of  thiit 

It  whose  position 

uid  ran  dne  wwt 

irhere  they  uiadt> 

'  weet.    The  Hue 

iinty,  on  the  up- 

^a  commiBeionen 

»yond  this  poiut. 

e  two  colonieH  in 

Stone  HountHin, 

M  329  miles  from 

Book  Creek,  it- 

of  the  previnoi  | 

nd  Bristol,  Tcub 

lissionera  of  Vii- 

i»ry  Imperfeot  in- 

0  that  it  wsH  nut  I 
f  markefl  on  the 
bttered  the  Iocs- 
intion  and  litiga- 

1  appointed  tore- 
ime  reason  thev 
nia  and  similat 
wed  in  ItJTl,  l<m| 
the  lineof  divif- 
liflc  instructional 

tke  paroll'lojl 
brson  and  ottKnl 
ina  claims  thxl 
between  North  I 
irhich  begins  on  I 
leTweably  to  tin 


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t 


it  I 


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z 
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't  > 

OANShTT.) 


NORTH    PAKOLINA. 


101 


chnrtnr  of  King  CharloB,  are  the  right  and  property  of  this  State."  Bat  it  appears 
friiiii  tlx^  (iperatioiiH  of  thu  United  States  Coaat  Surrey  at  both  enda  of  the  line  that 
ihr  point  of  li«(;inning  on  (Jnrritucli  lulct,  instead  of  being,  as ao  constantly  aaannied, 
in  latitude  3(F  M',  or  as  determined  by  the  snrveyora  In  ITSB,  36°  31'  is  30°  33'  15", 
uikI  111."  wusteni  end  (of  "  tht<  Walker  line,"  of  1779,  at  Bristol,  Tenn.)  38°  34'  85.5". 
it  1^  stated  in  Byrd's  Jotirnul  rhut  the  variation  of  the  compass  was  ascertained  to  be 
II  lit t If  leHH  tlian  :F  W.  [The  magnetic  chart  of  the  United  States  Coaat  Sorrey 
wniilil  nialce  it  'JS>  E.]  And  no  avooant  is  given  of  any  snlweqnent  oorreotion,  and  if 
iidiH'  was  niude  at  the  end  of  the  line  Harveyed  by  him  the  coarse  woald  have  been  in 
iTror  by  nearly  IF,  as  the  amount  of  variation  in  thin  Stat^  changes  a  little  more  than 
|o  for  every  100  miles  of  easting  or  westing.  So  that  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
Stiitr  OH  run  is  not  only  nut  the  parallel  of  36<^  30',  but  is  far  fh>ni  coincident  with 
iiin  )>arallel  of  latitude,  and  mnst  be  a  succession  of  curves,  with  their  conoaritiea 
northward  and  connected  at  their  ends  by  north  and  south  offsets. 

Tli<>  Houthern  boundary  between  this  State  and  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  was 
iir>t  i^Htablished  by  a  Joint  colonial  comuiiHaion  in  1736  to  1740.  The  commissioneni 
I  nil  a  line  from  Ooat  iHland  on  the  t-oattt  (in  latitude  33*^  6^  as  supposeil)  NW  to  the 
|iiirullel  of  35",  according  to  their  observations,  and  then  due  west  to  within  a  few 
inilen  of  the  Catawba  River,  and  here,  at  thoold  Salisbury  and  Charleston  road,  tiiriioit 
north  along  that  road  to  tlie  southeiuit  comer  of  the  Catawl^a  Indian  Landn.  This 
line,  reMurveyed  in  1764,  wae  afterwards  (in  177'i)  continiu-d  along  the  eaMteni  and 
noiihorn  Itoundaries  of  the  Catawba  laudit  to  the  point  where  i!he  latter  IntcrHeetH  the 
Catawba  River  :  thence  along  and  uji  that  rivertothe  mouth  of  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Cittawba,  and  thence  doe  west,  as  supposed,  to  a  point  near  the  Blue  Ridge.  This 
pii-t  of  the  line  was  resurveyvd  and  conflnued  by  commisHioners  under  acts  of  as- 
M'iniily  of  1m03,  1(^04,  It^,  1H13,  ltil4,  and  1815,  and  continued  west  to  and  along  the 
Siiliida  Mountains  and  the  Blue  Ridge  to  the  intersection  of  the  "Cherokee  bound 
.ir>  "  of  17U7,  and  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  Chatooga  River  at  it«  intemeotion  with 
iIk'  parallel  of  3^"'  From  this  pi.int  the  line  was  run  west  to  the  Tennessee  line,  be- 
'wicn  this  State  and  Georgia,  in  1807,  and  oonflrme<l  ami  eHtablished  by  act  of  1819. 

I  ho  Iwundary  between  this  State  an<l  Tennessee  was  run,  according  to  the  course 
tl<  i^nateil  in  the  act  of  1789,  entitled  "An  act  fur  the  puri>oMM)f  ceding  to  tlieUntte<l 
.''I  II  tes  certain  western  lands  therein  described"  (the  State  of  Tenness«>e) ;  that  in,  along 
iIm'  urest  of  thu  Smoky  MountaiuH,  from  the  Virginia  line  to  the  Catalnclie  River  (in 
\l:i\  wood  County),  in  1799,  underact  of  179(1.  It  was  continued  from  this  |K>int  to  the 
looigitt  line  in  1821.  The  commissioners  who  completed  this  line, at  the  dute  lant- 
iiKiiiioned,  instead  of  following  their  instructions,  diverged  firom  the  cr<*t  of  the 
Smoky  (Uuaka)  Mountains  ut  the  intersection  of  *he  HiwasH«-e  turnpike,  and  '.iin  du4 
toulh  to  the  Georgia  line,  thereby  hming  for  the  Uate  the  valuable  mining  region 
siiK  I*  known  as  Diicktown. 

AiiilitstothewmthembontKlary,  the  point  of  beginning  on  Goat  Island  is  in  latitude 
lit  51'  :{7",  au  shown  by  the  Coast  Survey,  and  instead  of  running  from  Goat  Island 
iii>rtbwest  to  latitude  of  IVfi  and  thence  along  that  parallel,  it  appears,  flvoi  the 
South  (.'aroliua  Geugi-aphical  State  8urv«?y  of  l8Wl-*25,  that  the  coariK'  from  the  start- 
iiiK'  point  is  N.  47°  30'  W.,  'And  instead  of  p'lrauing  the  parallel  of  35"  it  turns 
wi-Ht  about  10  miles  south  oi  that  Hue,  and  then  -in  approaching  the  Catawba  Biver, 
tiiiiiH  northward  pursuing  a  cigcug  line  to  the  forks  of  the  Catawba  Fiver,  which  is 
khoiit  12  miles  north  of  that  parallel ;  and  fWtm  this  point  to  the  mountains  the 
boundary  Iin*  (of  17T*')  runs,  not  west,  but  N.  88"  W.,  bringing  its  west-em  end  about 
17  niilcH  (on  fur  north,  and  reacliiug  the  (sup|>ose«l)  parallel  uf  'Mt'^  at  a  distance  of 
thont  130  miles  east  of  the  Catawba  River.  The  loss  of  territory  resulting  from  these 
•iii^'tilur  dnviatioDB  is  probably  between  500  and  1,000  square  miles. 

The  tbllowlng  extract  Ooin  t]w  <K)nHt{tutiou  of  179G,  of  Tenuei 


102 


Hol'NDAKIKS    OF    TIIK    rNITKI>    STATKS. 


[iii'i.i  i:i. 


detluos  the  eastern  boundary  of  that  State,  which  is  the  weHtern  buutul 
ary  of  North  Curolina,  as  it  was  intended  to  be  rnn  and  marked  : 

McglnDing  ou  the  extrome  height  of  the  Stouu  Monutuin  at  the  place  wbvrt'  the 
liii<:  of  Virgiuiu  ititeraeotH  it  in  latitude  thirty-six  degreca  uiid  thirty  miiiiitea  uorth ; 
riiuuiuK  thuucu  uloug  the  extreme  height  of  the  said  mouutuiii  to  the  plucu  whore 
Wutuiigu  Uivur  liroaktt  through  it ;  thenoe  u  direct  course  to  the  top  of  the  Y*«llow 
Mouiituiu,  where  Dright'H  road  orotwes  the  same;  thence  along  the  ridge  of  hhhI 
mountain  botwoon  the  wateru  of  Doo  Riv'tr  and  the  waters  of  Rook  Creek,  to  ili*' 
plucu  where  thu  road  urosiies  the  Iron  Mountain;  fVom  thenoe  along  the  flxtrtnn' 
height  of  said  iiiouutaiu  to  whore Noliohucky  River  runs  through  the  same ;  thvuce  to 
thu  top  of  the  B»ld  Mouutaiu ;  thenoe  along  the  extreme  height  of  said  mountuiii  to 
thu  Puititud  Itook  on  Frunoh  Broad  River ;  thenoe  along  the  highest  ridgo  of  'nM 
nioiintuin  to  thu  place  wlieru  it  is  called  thu  Qreut  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountain  ;  tlioncr 
along  tho  extrome  height  of  said  uionntaiu  to  the  place  where  it  is  cblled  Unicoi  or 
IJnuku  Mountiiin  betwHun  thu  Indian  towntt  of  Cowee  and  Old  Chota ;  thencoitlooK 
thu  main  ridgo  of  thu  Haiti  mountain  to  tho  southern  boundary  of  this  State  uh  div 
HoribuU  in  tho  act  of  cutwion  of  North  Carolina  to  thu  United  States  of  America. 

In  1879  thu  le^iHlittiire  pUHsed  an  ttct  to  ap)M)int  (M)inniiHHioi!i«rs  to 
make  u  siirv»\v  from  tho  iiortht'aHt  toriitT  of  (looip^ia  WfHtwanl.  TIijh 
point  of  uoiniuuacciueut  is  common  to  North  Carolina,  South  Caroliiiii, 
and  Georgia. 

lu  1381  the  U^igislature  passed  another  act,  providing  for  the  appoint 
ment  of  a  conuniHNioner,  who  should  act  with  conimissionerM  from  Vir 
ginia,  Houtli  Carolina,  Georgia,  or  Teuncssue,  to  re-run  and  re  mark  tlii^ 
boiiiidaritvs  between  North  (Jitroliua  and  the  other  States. 


SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

The  territory  included  in  the  present  State  of  South  Carolina  ww 
included  in  the  eliarter  of  Carolina,  which  also  embraced  what  is  now 
th»'  State  of  Georgia.    (  Vide  North  (Janilina,  p.  99.) 

Ill  1729  the  province  of  Carolina  was  divided,  forming  the  two  inov 
i  I  ices  of  North  ('arolina  and  South  '/arolina.  In  1732  the  extent  of 
South  Carolina  wiw*  reduced  by  the  charter  of  Georgia.  (  Vide  Geor}.'iii. 
p.  io;j.) 

(For  a  history  of  the,  settlement  of  the  boundary  between  North  Car 
oliiia  and  South  Carolina,  vide  North  Carolina,  p.  90.) 

By  the  charter  of  Georgia  the  line  l)etween  South  Carolina  and  Goor 
gia  was  to  be  the  Savannah  Kiver,  to  the  head  thereof.  In  1762  difiiciil 
ties  having  arisen,  concerning  the  interpretation  of  the  charter,  as  re 
ganled  the  head  of  the  Savannah,  and  also  the  title  to  the  lands  south 
of  thu  Altainaha  River,  Georgia  made  complaint  to  tho  King,  wiio 
issued  a  proclamation  iki  17(Ki  giving  the  lands  between  the  Altaui'iba 
and  Saint  Mary's  Uivers  to  (hnirgia.  The  question  of  the  t)oundar.v  on 
the  Savannah,  however,  reuutined  unsettled  until  1787,  when  a  convon 


tiV    if- 4 

m 


flANsrrr.] 


SOUTH    CAROLINA — OEOROIA. 


103 


tioii  between  the  two  States  wa«  held  at  Beaufort,  S.  G.,  to  determine 
till-  HUine,  and  the  line  was  fixed  as  at  present. 
'i'he  following  is  an  extract  from  the  articles  of  agreement: 

Tlio  most  northern  branch  or  stroaiii  of  tho  river  Savuunuh  from  tho  ueu  or  month 
lit'  Huuh  Htruaui  to  tho  fork  or  confluence  of  theriverH  now  called  Tnguloo  und  Keowa, 
itiiil  from  thence  the  moHt  northern  branch  or  stream  ot  the  said  river  TiiKaloo  till  it 
iiitttriHtotH  the  northern  boundbry  line  of  South  Carolina,  if  the  said  branch  or  stream 
of  Tiigaloo  extends  so  far  north,  reserving  all  the  islands  in  tho  said  rivers  Savannah 
:iii(l  Tngaloo  to  Georgia;  but  if  the  head  spring  or  sourco  of  any  branch  or  stream  of 
til*  sui<l  river  Tugaloodncs  not  extend  to  the  north  boundary  line  of  South  Carolina, 
till  II  a  west  line  t«  the  Misaiasippi,  to  be  drawn  from  the  heail  spring  or  sourer  of  tho 
Slid  Itranoh  or  stream  of  Tngaloo  P'ver  which  extends  to  the  highest  northern  latitude, 
hIiuH  forever  hereafter  form  the  separation,  limit,  and  boundary  between  the  State»< 
of  South  Carolina  and  Qeorgia.     (Laws  of  the  United  States,  Vol.  I,  p.  466.) 

Ill  the  same  year  South  Carolina  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  nar- 
row strip  of  territory  south  of  tho  North  Carolina  line,  which  slieclaimwl, 
about  V2  or  14  miles  wide,  and  i^xtendiug  tu  the  riiMslHsippi  River;  this 
strip  now  forms  the  northern  portion  of  (K'orjjfia,  Ahibama,  and  Missis- 
sipjti.  Georgia  being  thus  increased  in  extent  northwardly,  the  line 
lictween  the  tv/o  States  is  clearly  expressed  in  the  code  of  South  Caro- 
lina, iis  follow;^,  viz: 

riiu  Savannah  River,  from  its  entrance  into  tho  ocean  to  theoonflnenoo  of  the  Tng- 
aloo luid  Keowa  Rivers ;  thence  by  the  Tugaloo  River  to  the  confluence  of  the  Tugaltm 
iiii'l  Chutooga  Rivera;  thence  by  the  Chatooga  River  to  the  North  Carolina  line  in 
tho  tUirty-flfth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  linn  boiug  low-wuter  mark  at  the  south- 
I  rii  Hhore  of  the  most  northern  stream  of  suid  rivers,  where  the  middle  of  tho  rivers 
m  broken  by  islands,  and  middle  thread  of  tho  stream  where  the  rivers  flow  in  one 
utrt'ani  or  volume. 


GEORGIA. 


(J(H)rgia  was  included  in  the  proprietary  charter  granted  to  the  lords 
proprietors  of  Carolina  in  1663  and  1605,  for  which  a  provincial  charter 
w  IN  substituted  in  1719. 

Ill  17.J2  the  charter  of  Georgia  as  an  independent  colony  wjw  granted 
!•>  King  George  II,  of  which  tho  following  i«  an  extra<5t: 

All  those  lands,  oountrys,  aud  territories  situate,  lying  and  iioing  in  that  part  of 
Sum  ii  Carolina,  in  America,  which  lies  from  tho  moHt  northorii  part  of  a  stnium  or 
rivi  r  there,  oonimonly  culle  '  i-bo  Savannah,  all  along  tho  sea-coast  to  thesonthwanl, 
iiiiiii  lilt)  most  sontU^n)  strei»;ii  of  a  cei-tain  other  great  water  or  river  oalbul  the  Al- 
tiiinnha,  and  we«)»*^tly  fro<u  the  hoiids  of  tho  said  rivers,  respectively,  in  direct  linos 
to  ill)*  south  sea«. 

riiis  charter  surriMidered  in  1752  and  a  provinoial  government 

osi.iblished.     (  ■•  ^  <■'-»  P-  '^^^^  ^^'  **?•) 

Ill  17«3  the  tenitory  IMween  the  Altamaha  and  Saint  Mary's  Rivers 
w;>s  lulded  to  Georgia    »y  n^yul  proolamution.    (  Vide  South  Carolina, 

i>.  102.) 


104 


BOI'NDARIKS    OF    THK    UNITKl)    STATKH. 


[Bri.i..  171. 


In  the  coDstitation  adopted  by  Georgia  in  1798  the  boandaries  sure 
declared.    The  following  is  an  extract  therefrom  : 

The  limito,  boundariea,  JnriBdiotiona,  and  Authority  of  the  State  of  Georgia  do,  and 
did,  and  of  right  ought  tu extend  from  the  seaormouth  of  the  river  Savannah alon^' 
the  northern  branch  or  stream  thereof,  to  the  fork  or  confluence  of  the  river*  now 
called  Tugalo  and  Keowee,  and  from  thence  along  the  most  northern  branch  or  Btruam 
of  the  Mid  river  Tugalo,  till  it  intersect  the  northern  boundary  line  of  South  Caro- 
lina, if  the  said  branch  or  ntream  of  Tagalo  extends  so  far  north,  reserving  all  the 
islands  in  the  said  rivers  SaTannah  and  Tugalo  to  Georgia ;  but  if  the  head,  spring,  ur 
source  of  any  bianch  or  stream  of  the  said  river  Tugalo  doea  not  extend  to  the  north 
boundary  line  of  South  Carolina,  then  a  west  lino  to  the  Mississippi,  to  be  drawn 
from  the  head,  spring,  or  source  of  theitaid  branch  or  stream  of  Tugalo  River,  which 
extends  to  the  highest  northern  latitutle;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  said  river 
Mississippi,  until  it  shall  intersect  the  northernmost  part  of  the  thirty-first  degreoof 
north  latitude,  south  by  a  lino  drawn  dueeast  fkvm  the  termination  of  the  line  last  inen- 
tioned,  in  the  latitude  of  thirty-one  deiirees  north  of  the  equator,  to  the  middlo  of 
t  he  river  Apalachioola  or  Chatahooohee ;  thence  along  the  middle  thereof,  to  its  junc- 
tion with  Flint  River ;  thence  straight  to  the  head  of  Saint  Mary's  River,  and  thence, 
along  the  middle  of  Saint  Mary's  River,  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  ftom  thence  to 
the  mouth  or  inlet  of  Savannah  River,  the  place  of  beginning,  including  and  com- 
prehending all  the  lands  and  waters  within  the  said  limits,  boundaries,  and  JnriBdic- 
tional  rights ;  and  also  all  the  islands  within  twenty  leagues  of  the  sea-coast. 

In  1802  Georgia  entered  into  articles  of  agreement  and  cession  with 

the  United  States,  whereby  Georgia  ceded  to  the  United  States  tbe 

lands  west  of  her  present  boundaries,  and  the  United  States  ceded  to 

Georgia  that  part  of  the  South  Oarolina  cession  of  1787  which  lies  east 

of  the  present  western  boundary  of  Georgia.    The  following  extnu;t£ 

show  the  limits  of  the  two  cessions : 

The  State  of  Georgia  cedes  to  the  United  States  all  the  right,  title,  aud  claim  wliicb 
the  said  State  has  to  the  Jurisdiction  and  soil  of  the  lands  situated  within  the  bound- 
aries of  the  United  States,  south  of  the  State  of  Tennessee  and  west  of  a  line  hvinih- 
ning  on  the  western  bank  of  the  Chatahonohee  River  where  the  same  oroMeu  the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Spain ;  running  thenoe  up  the  said  river 
Chatahonohee,  and  along  the  western  bank  thereof  to  the  great  bend  thereof,  next 
above  the  place  whore  a  certain  creek  or  river,  called  "  Uohee"  (being  the  first  cim- 
siderable  stream  on  the  western  side,  above  the  Cnssetaa  and  Coweta  towns),  em])tie«  | 
into  the  said  Chatahouchee  River;  thenoe  in  a  direct  line  to  Nioki^iMsk,  on  the  I'cd- 
tivHsee  River ;  thenoe  crossing  the  said  last-mentioned  river,  and  thenoe  running  n|> 
t)i<>  said  Tennessee  River  and  along  the  western  bank  thereof  to  the  southern  bound 
ary  line  of  the  State  of  Tennessee. 


4' 


t: 


m 


The  United  States     •    •    •     cede  to  the  State  of  Georgia    *    *    *    the  lundi  I 
*    *    *    situated  south  of  the  southern  boundaries  of  the  States  of  Tennessee,  Nonh 
Caroliua,  and  South  Carolina,  and  eiwt  of  the  boundary  line  herein  above  deacriM  { 
as  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  territory  ceded  by  Ctoorgia  to  the  United  States. 

For  a  history  of  the  boundary  between  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  | 
vide  South  Carolina,  p.  102. 

The  history  of  the  boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Georgia  lia" 
already  been  given  {vide  North  Carollujt,  p.  101).  It  may  be  profiei,  Imi* 
ever,  to  add  that  this  Hue  (the  thirty  nt'th  decree  of  north  latitude)  NVii«| 
fixed  b)  the  oeMlon  above  detailed,  from  the  United  States  to  GeorgiJ 


[BULL.  171. 


K    orOLOOKAL  RUMVtV 


BULLETIN  NO.    IM      PL.  XXXVII 


iidariea  are 


Borgia  do,  and 
kTADuah  aloii); 
,he  rivew  now 
anoh  or  Blreani 
>f  South  Can>- 
serving  all  the 
ead,  spriog,  or 
id  to  the  north 
li,  to  he  drawn 
o  River,  which 
r  the  said  river 
r-flrst  degree  of 
le  line  last  ihod- 
)  the  mid<U*)  of 
reof,tolt»jimc- 
rer,  and  thence, 
from  thence  to 
ading  and  com 
>8,  andjnriwiic- 
Ba-ooaat. 

cession  with 
jd  States  the 
ates  ceded  to 
'hich  lies  oast 
eing  extracts 

Btud  claim  which 
ithin  the  bound- 
of  a  line  bt»nin 
tame  oroMee  the 
p  the  Baid  river 
d  thereof,  next 
g  the  first  cim- 
jtowDB),  emptiw  j 
ik,  on  the  Ten 
oe  mnninK  ii|> 
athem  bound 


*    the  landi 
anneasee,  Nunh  j 
Ithove  deaoril)Ml 
States. 

ith  Carolina. 


HISTORICAL    lUAGRAM   OT  GEORGIA 


N  ik.  _  X  J 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM   OF   MISSISSIPPI. 


I  propel, 


hum 


latitude)  ^^i*! 
to  Geoigw 


fe 


M 


r.ASN 

of  tl 

boui 

A 

no  n 

ctlipl 

drth 

vra«  f 

TIk 

aud  ii 

ning  i 

M  roiiii 

JsmoH  { 

iliim:  ' 
t'orniao 
the  Ton 
jack,  ail 

t'ighteoi 
two  huti 

UDll  Olio- 

l''N8('iiiiij 
lino  oil  t 
Ten II.,  p] 

TLel 

of  1783, 

prosent 

lioiioLe 

the  mid 

to  the  1 

I  o<"  Saint 

I  bouudai 

ml  Spa 

[bt'tween 

|ii!>r).) 

In  181 

ii<lii'  waa 
l''"i  indep 
in  182 

UNITBD 
*N  ACT  to 


Tho  lino 

Hill  I,  toil 

This  be 

}H  the  ta 


CASSKTr.] 


OKOKOIA. 


105 


of  that  part  of  the  Sonth  Carolina  coMHion  east  of  tbo  present  western 
boniidary  of  Georgia. 

A  long  controversy  enHoed  between  Georgia  and  North  Carolina,  with 
no  r(>8alt0,  however,  nntil  in  1810  Georgia  empowered  her  governor  to 
t'lnploy  Mr.  Andrew  Ellicott  to  ascertain  the  true  location  of  the  thirty- 
flfth  degree  of  latitude.  Ellicott  did  so,  and  the  i)oint  fixed  by  him 
wHH  iu^niesced  in.    ( Vide  Cobli's  Georgia  Digest,  p.  160.) 

Tiie  bonndary  between  Georgia  and  Tennessee  wus  established  in  1818, 
aud  is  as  follows,  viz:  The  thirty -fifth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  begin 
ning  and  ending  as  follows : 

I)f){iiiuing  at  a  point  in  thn  trno  iiarailol  nf  the  tliirty-tlftli  do^roo  of  north  latitiirio, 
ait  foiiud  by  JamM  Cormiiclc,  niatli«ninticiaii  on  tlio  pnrt  of  thn  Stnto  of  fJeorgia,  »n<l 
JtmoH  H.  Gainea,  matbematioiau  on  the  part  of  tlie  Rtato  of  Tcnncaiioe,  on  a  rook  about 
two  f'«>i)t  high,  fonr  inohc«  thick,  nnd  fifteen  incliuH  broad,  engraved  on  the  north  iiitie 
ibiiN :  "  Jane  lat,  1818 ;  var.  6|  mut,"  and  on  the  south  Hide  thna :  " Geo.  35  North ;  J. 
Comiaok,"  which  rock  atanda  one  mile  and  tw«>nty-oight  poloa  fVom  the  south  bank  of 
the  Tunneasee  River,  due  south  from  near  the  center  of  the  old  Indian  town  of  Nioka- 
jaclc,  and  near  the  top  of  th<>  Nioki\)aok  Mountain,  at  the  bup|hmmmI  comer  of  the  State 
nf  Ooorgia  and  Ahibama;  thence  ninning  due  oafit,  leaving  old  D.  Ross  two  miles  and 
i'ii;ht«<cn  yards  in  vhe  Btato  of  Tennessee,  and  leaving  the  house  of  John  Ross  aliout 
two  hundred  yards  in  the  State  of  Georgia,  and  the  house  of  David  MoNair  one  mile 
and  oiio-fourthof  a  mile  in  the  State  of  Tennessee,  with  blaseil  and  mile-marked  trees, 
li'HNciiing  the  variation  of  the  conipass  by  di^groes,  closing  it  at  thet«rminationof  tlio 
!inu  (111  the  top  of  the  Unicoi  Monntaln  at  five  and  ontvhalf  degrees.  ( Vide  C.  Stat,  of 
Tenii.,  pp.  843-244.) 

The  boundary  between  Georgia  and  Florida  was  fixed  by  the  treaty 

of  1783,  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  substantially  as  at 

present,  viz:  Commencing  in  tlie  middle  of  the  Apalachicola  or  Cata- 

liouche  River,  on  the  thirty-first  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  along 

the  middle  thereof  to  its  junction  with  the  Flint  Biver;  thence  straight 

to  the  head  of  Saint  Mary's  River,  and  thence  down  along  the  middle 

I  of  Saint  Mary's  River  to  the  Atlantic  (x^ean  {vide  Treaty  of  1783).    This 

I  boundary  was  aifirnied  by  the  treaty  of  1795  between  the  United  States 

and  Spain,  and  commissioners  were  appointed  to  run  the  entire  line 

I  bet  ween  the  United  States  and  the  Spanish  territory.    (Firfe  Treaty  of 

\m.) 

in  1819  Spain  ceded  the  Floridas  to  the  United  States.  In  1822  Flor- 
iitiii  was  made  a  Territx)ry  and  in  1825  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as 
jiiii  independent  State. 

In  1826  Congress  took  action  as  indicated  below : 

UNITBD  STATES  STATUTES  AT  LAKQE,  NIMBTRKNTII  CONURKSH,  SESSION  I,  1H2($. 

kV  ACT  to  sathoriM  tb*  Preaidantof  tbe  United  States  to  ran  sod  mark  •  line  dividing  the  Territory 

of  Florid*  from  the  Stale  of  Oeorgla. 

The  lino  shall  be  run  straight  from  the  Junction  of  said  rivers  Chatahooohie  and 
f\h\\,  to  tbe  point  deaignated  as  the  head  of  Saint  Mary's  River. 

This  bouudary  line  w»is  long  unsettled,  a  controversy  arising  concern- 
ing the  tme  ]K>int  to  be  considered  to  be  the  head  of  the  Saint  Mary's 


10« 


BOUNDAUIE-S   OF   THE    UNITED   STAIKS. 


Hfl.l 


•V-  , 


m 

'/ 

ijffl 

m 

iil 

1 

1 

SI 

■fe    < 

1 

iil 

Itiver,  itH  <ioor(;ia  t^onteiulud  tliut  the  point  tixi><l  upon  by  the  SpaniNli 
iind  AniiM'ican  coiiiiniMHionerH  iiihUt  thi^  tr<>uty  of  171)<^  was  iiicunit  i. 
TliJH  liiui  wiiH  run  iu  1825  by  the  (ionerul  Laud  Otlicu. 

lu  18A0  commiMBionere  were  appointed  by  Georgia  and  Florida  to  rentn 
the  line.    Florida  ratified  their  report  in  1861,  and  Qeorgia  in  18tt(i. 

The  detailed  report  of  the  oommissionera  is  not  at  hand,  but  the  lint-  h 
declared  iu  the  atAtntes  of  Georgia  aa  follows,  viz : 

From  a  point  on  the  WMtero  bank  of  the  Cb«lt«hoobee  Rirer  in  the  aial  (l«<Krc«- 
uf  north  latitude;  thence  along  the  line  or  limit  of  high-water  mark  to  ita  Jiinciion 
with  the  Flint  Siver;  thenoe  along  a  certain  lineof  anrvey  made  by  Qostaruit .).  (in. 
a  Hiirveyur  on  the  part  of  Georgia,  and  W.  Whitner,  a  sarreyor  on  the  part  of  Florida. 
iNjgiiiuing  at  a  fonr-and-aft  tree,  about  four  ohaina  below  the  preaent  Junction ;  t  Iumx  c 
uluug  this  line  eaat,  to  a  point  deaignated  thirty-aeven  linka  north  of  Elliiot '. 
Mound  on  the  St.  Ifary'a  River;  thenoe  along  the  middle  of  aaid  rirer  to  the  AtlantK 
Ocean.    ( Fid*  Code  of  Ga.,  1873,  p.  7.) 

This  line  is  also  given  in  the  code  of  Florida,  and  differs  in  one  it* 
spect,  viz,  fh>ui  the  thirty-first  degree  of  uorth  latitude  down  the  middle 
of  said  river  to  its  confluence  with  the  Flint  River,  etc.    ( Vide  Cod«'  of 
Florida,  1872.) 

The  line  between  Georgia  and  Alabama  was  fixed  by  the  act  of  (■<•» 
sion  of  Georgia  to  the  United  States  in  1802. 

In  1822-'26,  Georgia  desiring  to  have  the  line  run  from  the  Ohattii 
hoochee  to  where  it  strikes  the  Tennessee  liue,  appointed  commissioners 
for  that  purpose,  and  requested  the  co-operation  of  Alabama  and  tlie 
United  Btates,  both,  however,  failing  to  take  action.  The  Georgia  com 
missioners  ran  the  line  from  Niok^jack,  on  the  Tennessee  line,  to  Mil 
ler's  Bend,  on  the  Ghattahoochee.  (For  a  history  of  the  controversy  con 
cerniug  this  line,  vide  laws  of  Georgia,  1822->24-'25-^6.) 

Alabama  ])rotoHted  against  the  above  lineand  made  rei>eated  efforts 
to  reopen  ne};otiations  concerning  it,  to  all  of  which  Georgia  sturdily 
refuned  to  ac(;ede,  until  finally,  January  24,  184U,  the  legislature  uf 
Alabama  passed  the  following  joint  resolution,  viz: 

Sfolved,  That  the  State  of  Alabama  will,  and  do,  hereby  accept,  aa  the  true  dividiii); 
Hue  between  this  State  and  that  of  Georgia,  the  line  which  waa  run  and  marked  ont 
by  tho  commiaaioners  of  Georgia  in  1696,  buginning  at  what  ia  culled  Miller'a  Bfiid. 
on  the  Chattahoochee  Biver ;  thenoe  along  aaid  marked  line  to  Niok^aok. 

The  line  is  given  in  the  code  of  Alabama  in  the  following  words,  viz: 

The  boundary  line  between  Alabama  and  Georgia  oommenoea  ou  the  west  aide  uf 
the  Chattahoochee  River  at  the  point  where  it  enter*  the  State  of  Florida;  from 
thenoe  up  the  river,  along  the  weatem  bank  thereof,  to  the  point  on  Miller'a  JBcnd 
next  above  the  place  where  the  Uohee  Creek  emptiea  into  snoh  river;  thenoe  in  u  di- 
rect line  to  Nick%iaok.    (See  code  of  Alabama,  1876^  p.  189.) 

In  James's  Hand-book  of  Georgia,  1876,  p.  121,  is  the  following  de- 
scription of  the  western  boundary  of  Georgia,  viz : 

From  Niok^jaok  the  line  between  Qeorgia  and  Alabama  rona  aonth  0°  30'  eant  t«  I 
Miller'a  Bend,  on  the  Chatta&ooohee  River,  about  146  railea ;  thence  down  the  weaten 
bank  of  the  river  at  high-watar  mark  to  ita  Jonotion  with  Flint  River,  at  a  point  now  j 
four  ebaina  below  tha  aekoal  Joaetion,  latitade  30°  48'  4S",  longitnda  eO^  53'  1&". 


lBn.1  i;i 


HSVKTT.l 


KI.*»ltI|)A. 


H)7 


iiH'orvt « t. 
la  to  rerun 
;thelin«-  s 

it«  junciioii 
itftTUH  .1 .  <  >ri 
rtof  Flori'lii. 
Dtlon;  th«'i.(f 

of  Elli<<'  '- 
J  the  Atliiiitb 

r»  in  one  ro 
1  the  inul<iU' 
-'id«  Cod*'  «t 

B  act  of  tt's 

I  theOhfttt.i 
tmmisBioiuis 
ama  and  tlie 
Jeorgia  com 
line,  to  Mil 
;rover8y  i'«»i> 

eated  efl'oi  ts 
gia  stunlily 
jgislaturo  of 

le  true  dividing 
\,nA  marked  ont 
Miller's  Bend. 
ijaok. 

L  words,  ^^z 

^he  west  sitlf  «' 

FloridA;  froui 

_  MUler'i  B.nil 

thence  in  u  di 

IfoUowing  ilf 

L  9°  30*  e«Ht  W I 
(wu  the  westen 
,  mi  ft  point  uo«  | 
|80»Ki'l&"- 


KLORIHA 

i'lniiHa  WHH  originally  HettltMl  by  tlu^  SpaiiiardM,  and  wxh  lield  an  a 
Spiiiiisli  province  m.irly  two  hiuuhvd  yrarH.  In  1702  it  wim  ceded  by 
Spiiiti  toiirciit  Britain,  \vliodivide<l  it  intotlx'  twoprovinceHof  East  and 
W  •  .st  I'loiidii,  separated  by  tlu>  Apalarliicoln  River,  with  a  northern 
litiiiiiiliiry  Mnlistantially  uh  at  preHent.  (  Viile  KairbitnkH'  UiHtory  of 
I'lorida.) 

Ill  \iM  Great  Hritain  retnx-eded  I'Moiidato  Spain,  and  the  northern 
iMiiiiidary  waH  llxetl  l»y  the  treaty  of  pea«'e  between  the  United  States 
iiiiil  (treat  Britain  si^Mied  in  the  Name  year.  Spain,  however,  claimed 
tlif  territory  as  far  ninth  n>>  the  parallel  of  latitnde  of  the  mouth  of  the 
\  ,i/,o()  liiver. 

I'revioiiN  to  thiM,  in  ITtKi,  France  had  ceded  LouiNiaiui  to  Spain,  which 
Spiiiii  retrocedetl  to  France  in  IHtUi,  and  in  1803  France  ceded  the  same 
III  ilie  United  States,  who  claimed  that  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
>aiil  provincre  of  Louisiana, so  oiten  ceded,  was  the  Perdido  Hiver,  while 
S|Kiiii  (tlaimed  it  to  be  the  Iberville  liiverand  Lakes  Maurepas  and  Pont- 
>  liartrain.  The  (tontroversy  arising  from  the  difference  of  interpiota- 
tioii  of  these  various  treaties  and  cesHions  was  terminated  by  the  treaty 
III  Washington  in  IHIO,  whereby  Spain  ceded  to  the  United  States  the 
|iiii\  inces  of  East  and  West  l"'h)ridrt. 

II  March  30,  1822,  by  an  act  of  Congress,  the  territory  ce«led  to  the 
I'liiti'd  States  by  Spain  was  made  the  "Te.-ritory  of  Florida,"  cmbrae* 
iiiK  the  same  extent  as  does  the  present  State. 

Oil  March  3,  1845,  Florida  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  an  inde- 
lifiidfiit  State. 

(I'or  a  history  of  the  nortliern  boundaryof  FloridatJWfHleornia,  p.  10.").) 

Ill  1831  Congress  passe<l  an  act  relating  to  the  boundary  buLweuu 
Florida  and  Alabama,  of  which  the  following  m  an  extract: 

AN  ACT  U)  a«C4>rtalii  uiiil  niitrk  tbu  Uuti  imtwcim  Iho  Suteol'  Alubumit  uml  the  Tcnitory  of  Florid*, 
ami  the  uortht<ru  boumlHiy  of  the  SUil«  of  niiiiniii,  ami  for  other  purpoeea. 

riiiit  tiii>  PruHideut  of  tbo  UnittMl  Stiitt'H  l)c,  utul  ho  Ih  burel),v,  itiithorizud  to  ouuse 
III  li«  run  un<l  iimrked  the  bouudary  lino  IxtwotMi  the  Statu  of  Alabitmu  and  the  Tor- 
nioiy  of  Florida,  liy  lliu  HurvvyorH-ffuntwul  of  Alahaiuu  and  Florida,  on  tlio  thirty- 

liisi  ilt'^rrc  of  noitli  latitude. 

a  «  *  *  •  •  * 

\'iih  U.  ii.  Stat,  at  Lar^i',  Vol.  IV,  p.  47}),) 

III  1847  the  agreement  of  commissioners  previously  appointed  by  Flor- 
il  I  iiid  Alabama  was  ratitied,  and  tlM.  lnw  is  described  as  follows,  viz: 

I  <  .JiiiiiKMit'iiiK  on  the  Cliiitlalniorht  o  liiv»r  :irii  a  plaro  known  as  '' Irwin'a  MIIIh" 
ml  iiuniiiifi;  west  to  tlio  I'l^rdido,  niaiki  d  thi\  :;:li(iiit  l>v  bla/os  on  tin-  tii'tis,  and  also 
I'}  iiKiiinilH  of  oarlli  tlirown  ii]>  on  tlio  line  at  dibt.inccHof  on«inil(>,  inuroor  Iobh,  from 
'11  li  I'tlit  r,  and  roinmoiily  known  hh  "  ICllicott's  iJno,"  or  the  "Moiiud  I.ino."     ( t'ute 

ll'inilaCodc,  1873,  p.  100.) 

f  his  line  was  run  in  1 700-1800  by  A.  Ellittott.     The  line  was  n^traeed, 
rciiicasini'd.  ami  niai'ked  in  1S."».'{-.")1. 
I'.ull.  171 8 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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i< 


1.0 


1^ 

11.25 


1^12^    |2.5 

M  mil  2.0 


IK 
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1.6 


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/A 


Sdffices 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  872-4503 


\ 


'^ 


o 


\ 


108 


KOUNDARIKH    OF    THK    UNITED    STATES. 


[BUM,,  171. 


The  line  betweeu  the  two  States  is  given  in  general  terms  in  the 
Florida  Code  aa  follows,  viz : 

CommeDoing  at  the  wouth  of  the  Perdido  River,  from  thence  up  the  middle  of  Haid 
river  to  where  it  intersecte  the  south  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Alabama  and  I'l 
thirty-flret  degree  of  nortli  liititnde ;  then  due  east  to  the  Chattahoochee  River. 


d  '1 


ALABAMA. 

In  1798  the  United  States  forinod  the  Territoiy  of  Mississippi,  iuelutl 

iug— 

All  that  tract  of  country  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  MiesiHsippi,  on  the  north  by 
a  lino  to  be  drawn  due  east  from  the  month  of  the  Yasous  to  the  Chattahouchee  River, 
on  the  east  y  the  Chattahouchee  River,  and  on  the  south  by  the  thirty-fiist  degree  of 
north  latitude.    ( Vide  U.  8.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  I,  p.  &49.) 

In  this  act  was  a  clause  reserving  the  right  of  Georgia  and  of  indi 
viduals  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  soil  thereof. 

South  Carolina  and  Georgia  having  ceded  to  the  United  States  thcii 
claim  to  territory  west  of  their  piesent  limits,  the  General  Government, 
in  1804,  by  an  act  of  Congress,  annexed  the  tract  of  country  lyinj; 
north  of  Mississippi  Territory  and  "south  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  and 
bounded  on  the  east  by  Georgia  and  west  by  Louisiana,  to  the  Teiri 
tory  of  Mississippi.  (  Vido  D.  S.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  II,  ]).  305.)  Also 
in  1812  the  United  States  added  to  Mississippi  Territory  all  the  lam's 
lying  east  of  Pearl  Eiver,  west  of  the  Perdido  and  south  of  the  thirty 
first  degree  of  latitude.    { Vide  U.  S.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  II,  p.  734.) 

By  these  additions  the  Territory  of  Mississippi  was  made  to  comprise 
what  is  now  included  in  the  two  States  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 
On  March  8, 1817,  by  an  act  of  Congress  the  Territory  of  Alabama  was 
formed  from  the  eastern  portion  of  the  Territory  of  Mississippi,  with 
the  following  boundaries,  viz : 

Beginning  at  the  point  where  the  line  of  the  thirty-first  degree  of  north  latitude 
intersects  the  Perdido  River ;  thence  eaat  to  the  western  boundary  line  of  the  State 
of  Georgia;  thence  along  said  line  to  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Ten- 
nessee ;  thence  west  along  said  boundary  line  to  the  Tennessee  River ;  thence  up  the  J 
samtt  to  the  mouth  of  Bear  Creek;  thence  by  a  direct  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  | 
Washington  County ;  thence  due  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  thence,  eastwardly,  in- 
cluding all  the  islands  within  6  leagues  of  the  shore,  to  the  Perdido  River;  and  theucc  j 
up  the  same  to  the  beginning.    ( Vide  U.  S.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  371.) 

On  December  14.  1819,  Alabama  was  admitted  as  an  independeutl 
State,  with  the  above  boundaries.  It  was,  however,  made  the  duty  ofl 
the  surveyor  of  the  public  lands  south  of  Tennessee  and  the  surveyor^ 
of  lands  in  Alabama  Territory  to  run  and  cut  out  the  line  of  demarca  j 
tion  between  the  two  States  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  and  if  iti 
should  appear  to  said  surveyors  that  so  much  of  the  line  designated 


[Bnu..  171. 


SANNKTT  ] 


ALABAMA — MISSISSIPPI. 


109 


B  in  tli(? 


dlo  of  Haiti 
ua  and  I'l 
iiver. 


,pi,  iucliul 

the  north  l)y 
luchee  Rivor, 
list  degree  of 

,nd  of  iudi 

States  tlu'ii 
overuineiit, 
untry  lyinj? 
inessee,  aiu\ 
p  the  Teiii 
305.)     Also 
11  the  lam's 
f  the  tliirty 
,  p.  734.) 
to  comprise 
Mississippi. 
labama  was 
issippi,  with 

I  north  latitude 
le  of  the  State 
le  State  of  Tcu- 
thence  up  the  I 
twest  corner  of 
eastwardly,  iu- 
Br;  andthcucej 

1  371.) 

[independent  I 
,  the  duty  o(| 
the  surveyorl 
lof  demarcaf 
^1,  and  it  it| 
[esignated 


runmiigdne  sonMi  (Vom  the  northwest  corner  of  Washington  County  to 
the  Gulf  of  Alexico  should  encroach  on  the  counties  of  Wayne, Greene, 
and  Jack  son,  in  the  State  of  Mississippi,  then  the  same  should  be  altered 
so  as  CO  run  in  a  direct  line  from  the  northwest  corner  of  Washington 
County  to  a  point  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  10  miles  east  of  the  mouth  of 
the  River  Pascagoula.  ( Vide  U.  S.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  400.) 
This  line  was  run  and  marked  in  1820. 

(For  the  history  of  the  boundaries  between  Alabama  and  Georgia 
ride  Georgia,  p.  106.  For  the  history  of  the  boundaries  between  Ala- 
bama and  Florida  ride  Florida,  p.  107.) 

The  boundary  between  Alabama  and  Tennessee  is  the  thirty-fifth  par- 
allel of  north  latitude  (ivt.7e  North  Carolina,  p.  101);  from  Nickajack 
{vide  Georgia,  p.  104)  west  across  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  to  the  sec- 
ond intersection  of  said  river  by  said  parallel.  ( Ftde  Alabama  Code, 
1876,  p.  189.) 

The  boundary  between  Alabama  and  Mississippi  was  to  be  run  by 
surveyors,  under  the  act  of  admission  of  Alabama.  The  report  of  said 
surveyors  is  not  at  hand,  but  the  line  as  laid  down  in  the  Mississippi 
Code  is  as  follows,  viz : 

Beginning  at  a  point  on  tbo  west  hank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  six  four-pole  chains 
Houth  of,  and  above,  the  mouth  of  Yellow  Creek;  thence  up  the  said  river  to  the 
mouth  of  Bear  Creek;  thence  by  a  direct  line  to  what  was  formerly  the  northwest 
corner  of  Washington  County,  Alabama;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  a  point  ten  miles 
east  of  the  Faucagoula  Eiver,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.    ( Fide  MissiBsippi  Code,  pp.  48, 49). 


MISSISSIPPI. 

(For  the  early  history  of  the  extent  A  Mississippi  Territory  vide  Ala- 
l»nma,  p.  108.) 

On  December  10,  1817,  the  western  part  of  the  Mississippi  Territory 
was  made  a  State  and  admitted  into  the  Union,  with  the  following 
boundaries,  viz : 

Beginning  on  the  river  Mississippi  at  the  point  where  the  southern  boundary  of 
tlio  State  of  Tennessee  strikes  the  same ;  thence  east  along  the  said  boundary  line  to 
the  Tennessee  River;  thence  up  the  same  to  the  mouth  of  Bear  Creek;  thence  by  a 
ilirect  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  county  of  Washington ;  thence  due  sonth 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  thence  westwardly,  including  all  the  islands  within  six  leagues 
III'  the  shore,  to  the  most  eastern  Junction  of  Pearl  River  with  Iiake  Borgne;  theuce 
II [)  said  river  to  the  thirty-first  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  west  along  said  de- 
gi  10  of  latitude  to  the  Mississippi  River ;  thence  up  the  same  to  the  beginning. 
( I'ide  U.  8.  Stat,  at  Large,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  348.) 

( For  further  information  concerning  eastern  boundary,  vide  Alabama, 
p.  108.) 

In  1819  the  line  between  Mississipr'  and  Tennessee  was  run  by  com- 
uiissioners.    Their  report  is  not  at  nand.    In  1833  the  legislature  of 


110 


UOUNDAIilKS    OK    THK    UNITED    STATES. 


[BOLL.  171. 


11 


w 


Tennessee  passed  an  act  establishing  "Thonipsun's  line."  The  details 
of  ** Thompson's  line"  have  not  been  found.  In  1837  the  line  was  again 
run  by  commissioners  from  the  two  States,  and  ratified  by  the  legis- 
latures.   The  commissioners'  report  was  aa  follows,  viz: 

CommeDciiig  at  a  point  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River  six  foar-pole 
chains  south,  or  above  the  month  of  Yellow  Creek,  and  about  three-qnartero  of  a  mile 
north  of  the  line  known  as  "  Thompson's  line,"  and  twenty-six  chains  and  ten  links 
north  of  Thompson's  line  at  the  basis  meridian  of  the  Chickasaw  surveys,  and  ter- 
minating at  a  point  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  (opposite  Cow  Island) 
Bixt«en  chains  north  of  Thompson's  line.    (See  Laws  of  Tennessee,  1837,  p.  27.) 

The  boundaries  were  fixed  by  the  act  of  Congress  admitting  the  State 

of  Mississippi,  as  follows,  viz  : 

Commencing  at  the  most  eastern  junction  of  Fearl  River  with  LakeBorgnc,  thence 
up  said  Pearl  River  to  the  thirty-first  degree  of  north  latitude,  thence  west  along 
said  degree  of  latitude  to  the  Mississippi  River,  thence  up  the  same  to  the  point  where 
the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee  strikes  the  same.  (See  U.  S.  Laws,  vol.  6,  p. 
175.) 

Mississippi  claims  to  the  middle  of  the  Mississippi  Biver,  where  the 
river  forms  her  western  boundary.    (See  Eev.  Stat.,  1867.) 


LOUISIANA. 

The  original  territory  of  Louisiana  was  acquired  from  France  (see  p. 
21).  In  1804,  a  portion  of  this,  comprising  the  area  of  the  present 
State  of  Louisiana,  with  the  exception  of  the  southeastern  portion  im- 
mediately adjoining  the  present  State  of  Florida,  was  organized  into  a 
territory  under  the  name  of  Orleans,  while  th*  balance  of  the  Louis- 
iana purchase  retained  the  name  of  Louisiana  Territory.  On  April  30, 
1812,  the  Territory  of  Orleans  was  admitted  as  a  State  under  the  name 
of  Louisiana,  and  at  the  same  time  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Louis- 
iana was  changed  to  Missouri  Territory.  In  the  same  year  the  limits  of 
the  State  were  enlarged  in  the  southeast  to  its  present  boundaries. 

The  following  act  defines  the  Territory  of  Orleans : 

All  that  portion  of  country  ceded  by  France  to  the  United  States,  under  the  name 
of  Louisiana,  ^hich  lies  south  of  the  Mississippi  territory,  and  of  an  east  and  west 
line  to  commence  on  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  thirty-third  degree  of  north  latitude, 
and  to  extfind  west  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  said  cession,  shall  constitute  a 
Territory  of  the  United  States,  nnder  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans.  (Eigbtb 
Congress,  first  session.) 

The  following  clause  from  the  act  admitting  Louisiana  defines  its 
original  boundaries : 

Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  thence  by  a  line  to  be  drawn  aloug  I 
the  middle  of  said  river,  including  all  islands,  to  the  thirty-second  degree  of  latitude;  | 
thence  due  north  to  the  northernmost  part  of  the  thirty-third  degree  of  north  lati- 
tude ;  thenoe  aloug  the  said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  river  Mississippi ;  thenoe  down  j 


U.  8.   GEOLOGICAL  SUHVtV 


BULLETIN  NO     Ul      PL.   XXXVIII 


!       ARK. 


Orli'aiis    Terry 

Ojsof         ^     MISS. 


Lo'iisiana  Stat\^ ''<''*'''"  I 


"f^ 


?' 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  LOUISIANA. 


ider  the  name 
ast  and  west 
lorth  latitude, 
11  conetitute  a 
ns.    (Eiglitb 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM   OF  TEXAS. 


M 


liAN.NETT.] 


LOUISIANA TEXAS. 


Ill 


thfl  said  rivor  to  the  rivor  Iberville;  and  from  tlioiice  along  ...,■■  middle  of  the  said 
livor  and  lakes  Miiuiei»aH  and  Pontchartrain  to  the  (inlf  of  Mexico;  thence,  honndod 
by  the  said  (inlf,  to  the  place  of  beginning,  inclnding  ail  islands  within  throe 
kagnes  of  the  coast.     (Twelfth  Congress,  first  session.) 

The  followiujf  is  a  description  of  the  iulditioii  to  tlie  State  of  r.ouisi- 
;iiia,  in  terms  of  the  act: 

Heginuing  at  the  Junction  of  the  Iberville  with  the  river  Mississippi,  thence  along 
till'  middle  of  the  Iberville,  the  river  Amite,  and  of  the  lakes  Maurei)a8  and  Pont- 
cli.irtrain,  to  the  eastinn  mouth  of  the  Pearl  River;  thence  up  the  eastern  branch  of 
Pearl  Kiver  to  the  thirty-tirst  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  along  the  said  degree 
ot'latitnde  to  the  river  Mississippi;  thencedown  the  said  river  to  the  i)lace  of  begin- 
ning, shall  become  and  form  a  part  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  (Twelfth  Congress, 
tirst  session.) 

The  nortii  boundary  of  Louisiana  was  surveyed  by  a  Joint  eommission 
ol  the  State  and  the  United  States, 

TEXAS. 


Texas  declared  its  independence  of  Mexico  in  18.'r>.  On  December 
L'!»,  IM'},  it  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  As  originally  constituted,  it 
embraced  besides  its  present  area  the  region  east  of  tlie  Kio  Grande, 
now  in  New  Mexico,  extending  north  to  the  forty-second  parallel,  its 
oiistern  limits  coinciding  with  the  western  limit  of  the  United  States, 
a.s  laid  do  vn  in  the  treaty  with  Spain  of  1819.  (See  "Texas  jiccession," 
p.  24.) 

In  1848,  till'  eastern  boundary  of  the  State  was  extended  slightly, 
as  noted  in  the  following  act: 

He  it  ctiacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  licprcaenlatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica ill  Congress  assembled,  That  this  ('ongress  consents  that  the  legislature  of  the 
.*^late  of  Texas,  may  extend  her  eastern  boundary  so  as  to  include  within  her  limits 
one-half  of  Sabine  Pass,  one-hiilf  of  Sabine  Lake,  alsoono-half  of  Sabine  Kiver,  from 
its  mouth  as  far  north  as  the  thirty-second  degree  of  north  latitude. 

In  1850,  the  State  sold  to  the  General  Government  for  the  sum  of 
8l(»,0()0,()00,  that  part  lying  no.th  of  the  parallel  of  36°  30',  and  that 
portion  lying  west  of  longitude  103°,  as  far  south  as  the  parallel  of  32°, 
as  set  forth  in  the  following  clause  from  the  act  of  Congress  relating 
to  this  transfer: 

First.  The  Stateof  Texas  will  agree  that  her  boundary  on  the  north  shall  connnencc 
at  the  point  at  which  the  meridian  of  one  hundred  degrees  .vest  from  Greenwich  is 
intersected  by  the  parallel  of  thirty-six  degrees  tiiirty  minutes  north  latitude,  and 
shall  run  from  said  point  due  west  to  the  meridian  of  one  hundred  and  three  degrees 
west  from  Greenwich;  thence  her  boundary  shall  run  due  south  to  the  thirty-second 
degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  on  the  said  parallel  of  thirty-two  ilegrees  of  north 
latitude  to  the  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  and  thence  with  the  channel  of  said  river  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     (Thirty-first  Congress,  tirst  session.) 

The  following  act  defines  the  northern  boundary  of  Texas: 

A.\  ACT  to  authori/.<i  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  conjunction  with  the 
State  of  Texas,  to  run  and  mark  the  boundary  lines  between  the  Territories  of  the 
I'nited  States  and  the  State  of  Texas, 
liegiuning  at  the  i)oint  where  the  one  hundretii  degree  of  longitude  west  from 

Greenwich  crosses  Ked  River,  and  running  thence  north  to  the  point  where  said  one 


Ill 


u 


;*!'"  ■ 


112 


UorNDAKIKS    OF    THE    VNITKD    STATP^S. 


[m'M,  in. 


liiindrcdtli  (l(>jjroe  of  longitntlo  intorsocts  tho  parallel  of  thirty-six  <lo),'rt)es  thirty 
iiiiiMitrH  north  liititiidi',  aixl  thciico  wos)  with  tin^  said  pariillol  of  thirty-six  de;;i(ts 
and  thirty  iiiinutcH  north  latitndo  to  the  point  where  it  inttirsocts  tlie  one  buudptd 
and  tliird  do^rco  of  lonjjfitudo  west  from  (iret^nwich;  and  thence  south  with  tlio  snid 
one  liiindred  and  third  decree  of  longitude  to  tlio  thirty-second  parallel  of  noriii 
latitude;  and  thence  west  with  said  thirty-second  degree  of  north  latitude  to  thu 
Kio  Grande.     (Tiiirty-fiftli  ('(uig.,  first  session.) 

TIjo  bontuhiry  line  o^'  Texas  is  jis  follows:  Beginning  in  the  (xnlt  ol' 
Mexico,  at  the  outlet  of  Sabine  Lake,  tho  line  pas.ses  northward 
through  the  ini<ldle  of  Sabine  Lake  and  up  the  middle  of  Sabine  Kivci 
to  the  point  where  said  river  intersects  the  i)arallel  of  32°;  thenci' 
north  along  the  meridian  of  that  point  of  intersection  to  the  jtoiiit 
where  said  nieridian  intersects  Ked  Kiver;  thence  up  Red  Kiver  to  tiie 
one  hundredth  mcridiiin  west  of  (Treenwich;  thence  north  on  said 
meridian  to  the  parallel  of  30''^  30';  west  on  said  parallel  to  the  nieri 
dian  of  103°  west  of  Green  wiiih;  thence  south  on  said  meridian  to  tlic 
parallel  of  latitude  of  32°;  thence  west  on  that  parallel  to  its  ])oiiit  ol' 
intersection  with  the  Hio  Grande;  thence  down  the  mid-channel  of  the 
Itio  Grande  to  its  mouth. 

That  i)ortion  of  the  east  boundary  between  Red  River  and  tho  Sabine 
was  run  and  marked  by  a  joint  counnission  of  the  United  States  and 
Texas  in  1841. 

The  boundary  lines  between  Texas  and  New  Mexico  were  run  and 
marked  in  1859-00,  under  the  J3epartment  of  the  Interior.    - 

ARKANSAS. 

The  Territory  of  Arkansas,  or  Arkansaw,  as  it  was  originally  spelled, 

was  formed  on  March  2,  1819,  from  a  part  of  Missouri  Territory.    The 

following  clause  from  the  act  establishing  it  defines  its  limits  in  part: 

All  that  part  of  tht  Territory  of  Missou 'i  which  lies  s.outhof  a  line  beginning  mi 
the  Mi88i88ipi)i  River  at  tliirty-six  degrees  north  latitude,  running  thence  west  to  the 
river  St.  Francois,  thence  up  the  same  to  thirty-six  degrees  thirty  minutes  uortli 
latitude,  and  thence  west  to  the  western  Territorial  boundary  line,  sball,  Jor  the  pur- 
poses of  a  Territorial  government,  constitute  a  separate  Territory  and  be  called  the 
Arkansaw  Territory. 

In  1824  an  act  was  passed  by  Congress  fixing  the  western  boundary 
of  the  Territory.    This  was  as  follows:  ? 

AN  AC'J'  to  lix  the  ■western  bouudary  line  of  the  Territory  of  Arlcansas,  and  for  other  ]iurposus. 

The  western  boundary  line  of  tbe  Territory  of  Arkansas  aball  begin  at  a  point 
forty  miles  west  of  the  southwest  corner  of  the  State  of  Missouri  and  run  south  to 
the  right  bank  of  the  Red  River,  and  thence  down  the  river  and  with  tho  Mcxiciin 
boundary  to  the  lino  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

Four  years  later,  in  1828,  the  following  act  was  passed  defining  its 
southern  boundary : 

AN  ACT  to  aiithorizo  tho  I'rosiilont  of  the  United  States  to  run  and  mark  u  lino  dividing  the 
Territory  of  Arkansiis  from  tho  State  of  Louifliana. 

Commencing  oi!  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  at  latitude  thirty-thne 
degrees  north  and  running  due  west  on  that  i)arallel  of  latitude  to  where  a  line 
running  due  north  from  latitude  thirty-two  degrees  north  on  the  Sabine  River  will 
intersect  tho  same. 


[m'l.i.  171. 


U.   S.   OEOLOCICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    1'1       PL.    XXXIX 


nes  lliiMv 
ix  (le^iiirs 
[)  liuudn  il 
,h  llio  siiiil 
1  of  iKtrlli 
lult'  to  Iho 

a  (iulf  ol' 
ortliwiutl 
ino  Itivcr 
3;  tliencf 
the  point 
ViiV  to  the 
I   on   said 
tlie  lueri 
ian  to  tlu' 
8  ])oiiit  of 
mel  of  the 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  ARKANSAS. 


the  Sabine 
itates  and 

L-e  run  and 


ly  spelled, 

jtory.    Tlie 

in  part: 

begiiiuing  i>n 
!('  west  to  tlio 
inutes  uortU 
|,  lor  the  pur- 
he  called  Ibf 

boundary 


licr  purposes. 

In  lit  a  point 
Irun  soutli  ti> 
Itbe  Mcxii'Mii 


7777^^^ 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  OHIO. 


leflning  its 


lie  dividing  the 


J  thirty-thiL't' 

Iwbei'o  a  line 

le  Riv,r  will 


,1 


i 


^f■ 


m 


.ANNKTT,] 


ARKANSAS. 


iia 


I'lic  south  boniulary  was  orit,qniilly  run  iu  1823,  and  apraiii  in  IHt.'i  ir>, 
liv  :i  joint  coniinisHion  of  tlu'  two  States  of  Arkansas  aiul  Missonri. 

Tlu'  Hiinn'  y«^ar  tlif  followiiiff  treaty  elianjjed  materially  the  wostorn 
line  of  the  Territory,  i>la(',iug  it  in  its  present  position: 

TUEATV    WITH     lirK    (IIKI{OKi;i:    INDIANS   MAY  28,   1828. 

\i!  iici.K  1.  Tlio  western  Itomuliiry  of  Arkaiisiis  uliall  Ins  and  the  sainc  is,  horohy 
iliiiiicil,  vi/:  A  lino  hIiiiII  Ite  run,  ((niinicMcing  (in  Kcil  River  at  llio  |i(»int  \vlioi(»  the 
l,;isl()rn  Choctaw  lino  HtriknH  said  river,  and  rnii  due  north  with  said  lino  to  the  river 
Aik.iMHas;  thence  in  a  line  to  tlie  southweHt  corner  of  MiHsonri. 

riie  Eastern  Choctaw  line,  referred  to  above,  starts  on  the  Arkansas 
Kiver  "one  hundred  paces  west  of  Fort  Hmith,  and  thence  due  south  to 
tli(^  Ke(l  Kiver."    (Treaty  witli  Choctaw  Na<-ion,  January  20,  1825.) 

This  part  of  the  west  boundary  was  run  and  marked  in  1825,  and  that 
Itai  t  from  Fort  Smith  to  the  southwestern  corner  of  Missouri  in  1831. 
Tlie  entire  western  boundary  was  resurveyed  and  re-marked  in  1877. 

Arkansas  was  admitted  as  a  State  . June  15,  183(J, 

The  followinf?  extracts  from  the  enabling  act,  and  from  varions  con- 
stitutions, give  statements  of  the  boundaries,  ditl'ering  slightly  from 
out'  another,  but,  for  the.  most  part,  only  in  w^iu'ding: 


tONSTITI'TIOX   UK   AKKAN8AS,  1836. 

I'lOginningin  the  middle  of  the  main  ehaunel  of  the  Mississippi  Kiver  on  the  parallel 
of  :!i)  degrees  north  latitude;  running  from  thence  west  with  the  jtarallel  of  latitude 
t(i  tlie  Saint  Francis  River;  th<Mieo  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to 
tliL'  parallel  of  thirty-six  degrees  thirty  minutes  nort)i;  from  thence  west  to  the 

I  sdiithwestcorner  of  the  State  of  Missouri;  and  from  therico  to  be  bounded  on  the  west 
tot  1 1(1  north  bankof  Redlxiver,  as  by  acts  of  Congress  and  treaties  heretofore  defining 
iliu  western  limits  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  and  to  be  bounded  on  the  south  side 

I  of  Red  River  by  the  Mexican  boundary  line  lo  the  northwest  corner  of  the  State  of 

I  Liiiiisiana;  thence  east  by  the  Louisiana  State  line  to  the  middle  of  the  main  (;hannel 
iif  tlie  Mississippi  River;  theme  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to 

I  tli(*  thirty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  point  of  beginning. 

Again,  in  the  enabling  act  for  Arkansas,  1830  (Twenty-fourth  Con- 
l^ii'ss,  first  session),  the  boundaries  are  found  to  be  detined  as  follows: 

lioginning  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  Kiver,  on  the 
paiallel  of  thirty-six  degrees  north  latitude,  running  from  thence  west,  with  the  said 
lianillel  of  latitude,  to  the  St.  Francis  River;  thence  up  themiddloof  the  main  chan- 
liiel  of  said  river  to  the  parallel  of  thirty-six  degrees  thirty  minutes  north ;  from  thence 
rvi'st  to  tlie  southwest  corner  of  the  State  of  Missouri ;  and  from  thence  to  be  lioiinded 
Ion  llu)  west,  to  the  north  bank  of  Red  River,  by  the  line  described  in  the  first  article 
lot  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  the  Cherokee  Nation  of  Indians,  west  of 
Itliu  Mississippi,  made  and  concluded  at  the  city  of  Washington,  on  the  twenty -sixth 
l'la,\  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-eight; 
land  to  bo  bounded  on  the  south  side  of  Red  river  by  the  Mexican  boundary  line  tn 
lihe  northwest  corner  of  the  State  of  Louisiana ;  tl  ance  east  with  the  Louisiana  State 
lline  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River ;  thence  up  the  middle 
jot'  the  main  channel  of  the  said  river  to  the  thirty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the 
Ipoiut  of  boginning. 


114 


UOUNDAKIEH    OK   THE    FNITKl)   STATKSI. 


[m'i.i.iTi. 


Ill  tlK)  c.oiistitutioii  of  IHGi  the  boiiiMlarics  aro  (lolinud  as  tbllowH: 

HegiiiiiiiiK  ill  tli*>  midtllc  of  the  MiHHiHHippi  River,  on  tlio  piirallel  of  thirtvsiic 
(lofjrorH  north  latitude,  to  the  St.  FraiuiB  lliver;  tiienco  up  the  iiiiddio  of  tlie  iiiain 
riiiiiinelof  Hiiid  river  to  the  )iurallelof  tliirty-six  degreeH  tliirty  uiiiiuteH  north,  tlicm c 
west  to  the  HoitthwoHt  eorncr  of  the  Ktute  of  MiHHoiiri ;  mid  from  thence  to  he  boiiiKJi'd 
on  the  weHt  to  the  north  bank  of  Red  River,  an  Ity  uctH  of  CongreHH  of  tht^  riiilid 
StatoH,  mid  the  treaties  heretofore  defining  the  western  limits  of  the  Territory  i,( 
Ai  kmisas ;  and  to  be  bounded  on  tlie  Hoiitii  side  of  Re<l  Kiver  by  the  boundary  line  oft  li>' 
Slate  of  Texas,  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  State  of  Louisiana;  thence  east  w  iih 
the  Louisiana  State  line  to  thi^  middle  of  the  main  (diaiiuel  of  the  Mississijipi  K'Im  i  ; 
theuce  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  thirty-sixth  degree  ni 
uortli  latitude,  the  point  of  beginning. 

The  coustitutiou  of  1868  difxijrs  but  slightly  from  the  last.    It  in  us 

follows : 

iieginniug  at  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  Kiver,  on  the  ]i:ii'- 
allel  of  36  north  latitude,  running  from  thence  west,  with  the  said  parallel  of  lnti- 
tude,  to  the  Saint  Francis  River;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said 
river  to  the  parallel  of  8f)"  30'  north;  from  thence  west  with  the  boundary  line  oft  Jir 
State  of  Missouri  to  the  southwest  corner  of  that  State ;  and  theuce  to  be  bounded  on 
the  west  to  the  north  bank  of  Red  River,  as  by  acts  of  Congress  and  treaties  hereto- 
fore «letining  the  western  limits  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas:  and  to  hii  bounded  on 
the  south  side  of  Ked  River  by  the  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Texas  to  the  iiortli- 
wost  corner  of  the  State  of  Louisiana;  thonce  east  with  the  Louisiana  State  line  to 
the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the 
main  channel  of  said  river,  inclading  an  island  in  said  river  known  au  "Belle  Point 
Island,"  to  the  36°  of  north  latit*  .e,  the  place  of  beginning. 

In  the  constitutioii  of  1874  there  are  again  slight  differences,  mainly 
in  wording. 

Beginning  at  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  ]>ar- 
allel  of  thirty-nix  degrees  of  north  latitude;  running  thence  west  with  said  iiarailcl 
of  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Saint  Francis  River;  thonce  n|i 
the  uuiin  chaTincl  of  said  last-named  river  to  the  parallel  of  thirty-six  degrees  thirty 
minutes  of  north  latitude;  thence  west  with  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  State 
of  Missouri  to  the  southwest  corner  of  said  last-named  State;  theuce  to  be  bounded 
on  the  west  to  the  north  bank  of  Red  River,  as  by  act  of  Congress  and  treaties  exist- 
ing January  1,  1837,  defining  the  western  limits  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas  and  to 
be  bounded  across  and  south  of  Red  River  by  the  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Texas  J 
as  far  as  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  State  of  Louisiana;  thence  easterly  with  tlie 
northern  boundary  line  of  said  last-named  State,  to  the  middle  of  the  main  chanuel 
of  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the  main  chanuel  of  said  last- 
named  river,  including  an  island  in  said  river  known  as  "Belle  Point  Island,"  and  I 
all  other  land  originally  surveyed  aud  included  as  a  part  of  the  Territory  or  State 
of  Arkansas  to  the  thirty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  place  of  beginning. 

TENNESSEE. 

Tennessee  was  originally  a  part  of  North  Carolina.  (For  further  in- 
formation vide  North  Carolina,  p.  98.) 

In  1790  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  Its  boundaries  described | 
in  the  act  of  cession  are,  substantially,  those  of  the  present  day. 

On  June  1, 1796,  by  an  act  of  Congress  it  was  admitted  into  the  Unioii.j 

The  act  of  admission  declares  its  boundaries  as  "All  the  territwiyj 
ceded  by  North  Carolina." 


tm'M.iTi. 


tbllows: 

tif  tliirt>-six 
o  of  tli*^  iiiaiii 
north,  tliciHi' 
to  1)1!  bolliulnl 

if  tho  riiitcd 

J  Toi'rit(ir\  of 
iiryliiieorthc 
nee  e.'iMt  wiih 
iHHipiti  ItJMi; 
xth  (le^rre  ot 


it.    It  is 


its 


r,  on  the  ]i:ir- 
brallol  of  liiti- 
liinuol  of  Huiil 
ary  linooftlif 
t)  bounded  mi 
uatics  Lereto- 
^1  bounded  on 
to  the  nortli- 
I  .State  line  to 
middle  of  the 
I  "Belle  Point 

ces,  mainly 

r,  on  the  jiar- 
1  said  jHiiailcl 
er;  thence  uji 
iegrees  thirty 
je  of  the  8tato 
o  be  bounded 
treaties  exist- 
knusas  and  to 
State  of  Texas  j 
;erly  with  tlio 
main  chanuel  j 
of  said  last- 
Island,"  and  I 
itory  or  State  | 
beginning. 


'  further  in- 

18  described! 

day. 

)tl)eUnioii.| 

ie  terriwryl 


i 

1 

1 

Sir* 

i 

i 

f/ 

k 

i 

o 


0 


UJ 


J> 


ID 


(5 


(Q 


\ 


\ 


</) 


OlOO 


Ul 


•m..^ 


U 


ta 


o. 


o 


u 


>- 


u 


u 


^ 


u 


01 


\ 


/ 


\  / 


/ 


V(( 


i.AXNETT.] 


TENNESSEE. 


115 


(For  the  history  of  the  eastern  boumlary,  I'Wt'  North  Carolina,]).  lOl; 
for  the  southern  boundary,  vide  (ieorgia,  p.  10."),  Alabama,  ]►.  1(H>,  and 
Mississippi,  p.  109.) 

The  Mississippi  liiver  forms  its  western  boundary  under  the  treaty 
of  peace  of  1783. 

The  line  which  divided  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  was  the  southern 
boundary  of  Kentucky.  S^irginia  and  North  C  irolina,  prior  to  the  cre- 
ation of  the  States  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  appointed  commis- 
sioners, Messrs.  Walker  and  Henderson,  to  run  and  mark  the  line  on 
the  parallel  of  latitude  3(P  30'.  I^'rom  a  point  on  the  top  of  the  Cum- 
berland Mountains,  now  the  soutlieastern  corner  of  Kentucky,  Walker 
ran  and  marked  the  line  to  a  point  on  the  Tennessee  liiver.  This  line, 
called  Walker's  line,  was  regarded  for  many  years  as  the  dividing  line 
between  Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  It  was  ascertained,  however,  that 
Walker's  line  was  north  of  latitude  36°  30'. 

The  Indian  title  to  the  laud  west  of  the  Tennessee  River  being  extin- 
guished by  the  treaty  of  1819,  the  legislature  appointed  Robert  Alex- 
ander and  Luke  Munsell  to  ascertain  the  true  point  of  latitude  30°  30' 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  to  run  and  mark  a  line  east  on  that  par- 
allel, which  was  done  as  far  east  as  the  Tennessee  River.  (For  above, 
see  Gen.  Stat.  Ky.,  1873,  p.  1(57.) 

In  1820  commissioners  were  appointed  by  Kentucky  and  Tennessee, 
respectively,  to  settle  the  boundary.  Their  report  was  ratified,  and  is  as 
follows,  viz : 

AuT.  I.  The  line  of  boundary  and  separation  between  the  States  of  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee  shall  be  as  follows,  viz : 

The  lino  run  by  the  Virginia  commissioners  in  the  year  1779-80,  commonly  called 
Walker's  line,  as  the  same  is  reputed,  understood,  and  acted  upon  by  the  said  States, 
their  respective  ollicers  and  citizens,  from  the  southeastern  corner  i.  7'eutucky  to 
tlie  Tennessee  Kiver;  thence  with  and  up  said  river  to  the  point  where  the  line  of 
Altjxiuider  and  Munsell,  run  by  them  in  the  last  year  under  the  authority  of  an  act 
of  the  legislature  of  Kentucky  entitled  "An  act  to  run  the  boundary  line  between 
tills  State  and  the  State  of  Tennessee,  west  of  the  Tennessee  River,  approved  Feb. 
H,  1819,"  would  cross  said  river,  and  thence  with  the  said  lineof  Alexandc^randMun- 
Holl,  to  the  termination  thereof  on  the  Mississippi  Eiver  below  New  Madrid. 

Then  follow  nine  other  articles. 

Article  III  provides  for  running  and  markitig  the  line  at  any  subse- 
quent time.    (See  General  Stat.  Kentucky,  page  170.) 

lu  i^ao8-'59  commissioners  were  appointed  by  Kentucky  and  Tennes- 
see to  run  this  line. 

The  detailed  report  of  the  commission  on  the  part  of  Tennessee  can 
be  found  in  Statutes  of  Tennessee,  1871,  Vol.  I,  pages  223-243,  giving 
courses,  bearings,  milestones  erected,  and  a  map  of  the  boundary. 

The  report  of  this  commission  on  the  part  of  Kentucky  was  published 
at  Frankfort,  by  the  State  Printer,  1800,  in  a  pamphlet  of  98  octavo 
pages,  with  latitudes  and  a  map  of  the  line,  on  a  scale  of  1 :  108,000. 

(For  a  history  of  the  boundary  between  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  vide 
I  Virginia,  p.  97.) 


110 


BOUNDAUIEB    OF   THK   UKITKD   8TATES. 


[BI'1,1,.  171. 


'hi 


'f: 


KENTUCKY. 

Kontuckj'  was  included  in  tlie  original  limits  of  N'iifjinia,  and  was  u 
pari  of  tlie  county  of  Aufj^usta.  Augusta  County  was  formed  in  I  T'.S. 
In  17(5'.)  liotctourtCounty  was  created  from  aportionof  AugustaCouniy; 
in  1772,  Fin(!astle  from  Botetourt:  in  1770,  K^entucky  from  I'Mncastlt . 

Tlie  boundaries  of  all  these  counties  may  be  icmnd  in  lleniny's  Laws 
of  Virginia,  Vols.  I  to  IX. 

In  1789  Virginia  passed  an  act  giving  her  «!onsent  that  the  county  of 
Kentu(!ky,  within  her  jurisdiction,  should  be  formed  into  a  new  8ta!c. 
Accordingly,  June  1,  1702,  Kentucky  was  admitted  into  the  Union, 
with  substantially  her  present  boundaries. 

liy  the  cession  of  1784,  by  Virginia  to  the  United  States,  of  the  tciri- 
tory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  this  river  became  the  nortiiwcst 
boundary  of  the  State  of  Kentucky. 

The  western  boundary,  the  Mississippi,  was  fixed  by  the  treaty  ot 
peace  in  1783. 

(For  a  history  of  the  boundary  between  Kentucky  and  Virginia  and 
West  Virginia,  rirfeVirginia,  p.  90;  for  the  boundary  between  Kentucicy 
and  Tennessee,  vide  Tennessee,  p.  115.) 

OHIO. 

Ohio  was  the  first  State  formed  from  tlie  original  territory  north  west 
of  the  river  Ohio.  It  was  admitted  as  a  State  on  November  2l>,  LSIL', 
with  limits  given  in  the  enabling  act  as  follows: 

Bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Pennsylvania  lino,  ou  the  sonth  by  the  Ohio  River,  in 
the  month  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  on  the  west  by  the  line  drawn  due  iu)rtli  linm 
the  month  of  the  Great  Miami  aforesaid,  and  on  the  north  by  an  east  and  west  Mm' 
drawn  through  the  sonthorly  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan,  running  east  after  iiitci- 
secting  the  due-north  line  aforesaid,  from  tlie  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  until  it  sliiill 
intersect  Lake  Erie  or  the  territorial  line;  and  thence  with  the  same  through  Luke 
Krie  to  the  Pennsylvania  line  aforesaid:  Provided,  That  Congress  shall  Ite  at  liberty | 
at  any  time  hereafter  either  to  attach  all  the  territory  lying  east  of  the  line  to  ln' 
drawn  duo  north  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  aforesaid  to  the  territorial  line,  aiidj 
north  of  an  east  and  west  lino  drawn  through  the  southerly  extreme  of  Lake  Miiliij 
gan,  running  east  as  aforesaid  to  Lake  Erie,  to  the  aforesaid  St.ito,  or  dispose  of  ill 
otherwise,  in  conformity  to  the  iifth  article  of  compact  between  the  original  Stntej 
and  the  people  and  States  to  be  formed  in  the  territory  northwest  of  the  river  ( )!ii». 
(Seventh  Congress,  first  session.) 

In  the  constitution  of  Ohio  of  1802,  Article  VII,  the  boundaries  aioj 
deiined  as  follows : 

Bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Pennsylv.ania  line ;  on  the  south  by  the  Ohio  River,  ta 
the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  River;  ou  the  west  l)y  the  line  drawn  due  north  t'roiij 
the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  aforesaid;  and  on  the  north  by  an  east  and  west  line| 
drawn  through  the  southerly  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan,  running  east  after  intti' 
secting  the  duo-north  line  aforesaid  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami,  until  itsliall 
intersect  Lake  Erie  or  the  territorial  line ;  and  thence  with  the  same  through  Lal;^ 
Erie  to  the  Pennsylvania  line  aforesaid;  provided  always,  and  it  is  hereby  full\ 
derstood  and  declared  by  th'  i  convention,  that  if  the  southerly  bend  or  oxtreiiie  il 
Lake  Michigan  should  extend  so  far  south  that  a  line  drawn  due  east  from  it  sluni 


That  t 

vation,  t 

tliat  he  ( 

Lake  wh 

northerli 

ticabloac 

l>()undar\ 

line  draw 

ill  said  nc 

and  Bay; 

tile  Missi,' 

that  the  e 

Departme 


Tho  nori 
ha  a  direct 
northerly  ( 
tlie  eastern 
the  said  ba 
inceof  Upj 
to  its  interi 
fiMirth  Con, 

The  noi 
«in  bounc; 

f<>  the  no 
^\as  8urv( 
Office. 

By  the  a 
fliiyof  Jul; 
divided  in 
western  pa 


Liin. 1.171. 


UANNETT.] 


OUIO INDIANA. 


117 


(I  was  ;i 

hi  it;w. 

County; 
I'llHtlr. 
if'H  Laws 

iounty  (il 
)W  Btal«'. 
o  ITnioii. 

the  toni- 
lortliwt'st 

treaty  ni 


■ginia  anil 
Kentntky 


north  wost 
pr  2«.),  ISO:', 


bio  River,  t. 
north  iViiiii 

iiul  west  liiH' 
aftor  inter- 

until  it  sliiiU 
roufiii  I. :!!<•' 
le  at  lilxity] 
le  lin«'  t"  li'' 
iiil  line,  i>i«l| 
Liike  Miiliij 
dispose  el' 
iginal  Stutesl 
e  river  o\m\ 


[idaries  iut'l 


l)hioRivov,tfl 

|e  north  tvouj 

uul  west  liiif| 

after  i"tt'i| 

until  it  sli;ilt 

Ihrough  \'M 

Bby  full>  >"j 

cxtrciiit'  i>| 

I'oui  it  shoull 


not  iiitorsect  L.-iko  Kric,  or  if  it  should  iutirseet  thesaid  Lake  Krioeastof  the  luonlh 
of  the  Miumi  liivor  of  the  Lake,  then,  and  in  tiiat  ease,  witlj  the  assent  of  tlie  (Jon- 
jjress  of  the  Uuited  States,  the  northern  honnilary  of  this  State  shall  ho  estahlished 
hy,  and  extending  to,  a  direct  lino  running  from  tlie  southorn  extremity  of  f.ake 
Michigan  to  the  most  northerly  capo  of  tlie  Miami  iWiy,  alter  intersecting  the  due- 
north  line  from  the  mouth  of  the  Oreat  Miand  Uiver  as  aforesaid;  thence  ncutheast 
ti)  the  territorial  line,  and  hy  the  said  territorial  line  to  the  Pennsylvania  lino. 

In  accordance  with  the  ;  rovisions  in  the  enabling  act,  and  in  the  first 
constitution  of  the  State,  the  northern  boundary  of  tlie  State  was 
changed  so  that,  instead  of  running  on  a  parallel  drawn  from  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  Lake  Michigan,  it  followed  the  arc  of  a  great  circle 
drawn  from  the  southern  extremity  of  Lake  .Michigan  to  the  most 
northern  capo  of  Maumee  ("Miami")  Bay. 

Following  are  the  texts  of  the  acts  providing  for  the  examination  of 
the  northern  boundary  and  making  the  change  ni  the  boundary: 

AN  ACT  tojirovldii  fortlii'  tiikiii^  of  c.^rtaiii  olisiM'viitions  proparatory  toth"  adjustment  of  the  north. 

orii  lioiiuUary  lino  of  tlii"  State  of  Oliio. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  cause  to  be  nscertained,  by  accurate  obsor- 
vation,  tbo  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  southerly  extieme  of  Lake  Michigan;  and 
that  he  cause  to  be  ascertained,  by  like  observation,  the  point  on  tiie  Miami  of  the 
Lake  Avhich  is  duo  east  therefrom,  and  also  the  latitu(b'  and  longitude  of  the  nH)st 
northerly  cape  of  tlie  Miami  Hay;  also,  that  be  cause  to  be  ascertained,  with  allprac- 
t  icable  acctiracy,  the  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  most  southerly  point  in  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  the  ITnited  States  in  Lake  Erie,  and  also  the  points  at  which  a  direct 
line  drawn  from  the  southerly  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan  to  the  moat  soutlierly  point 
in  said  northern  boundary  line  of  the  United  States  will  intersect  the  Miami  River 
uiul  Bay;  and  also  that  he  cause  to  be  ascertained,  by  like  ot>scrvation,  the  point  in 
the  Mississippi  which  is  due  west  from  the  southerly  extreme  of  Lake  Michigan ;  and 
that  tlie  said  observations  be  made  and  the  result  thereof  returned  to  the  proper 
Department  within  the  current  year.     (Twenty-secoud  Congress,  first  session,  1832.) 

AN  ACT  to  eatabliali  llio  iiorthorri  boundary  linn  of  tlio  State  of  Oliio,  and  to  provide  for  tlio  aduiia- 
eion  of  the  State  of  l*Iichigau  into  the  I'nion. 

The  nortliem  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Ohio  shall  be  established  at  and  shall 
be  a  direct  line  drawn  from  the  southern  extremiiy  of  Lake  Miciiigan  to  the  most 
northerly  cape  of  the  Maumee  (Miami)  Hay  after  that  lino,  so  drawn,  sliall  intersect 
the  eastern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Indiana;  and  from  the  said  north  cajie  of 
the  said  bay  northeast  to  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  prov- 
ince of  Upper  Canada,  in  Lak»!  Eric,  and  thence,  with  the  said  last  mentioned  lino, 
to  its  intersection  with  the  western  line  of  the  State  of  Pouusylvauia.  (Twenty- 
fourth  Cougress,  first  session,  1836.) 

The  northern  boundary  was  originally  surveyed  in  1817.  The  west- 
ern boundary  was  surveyed  in  the  same  year  from  old  Fort  Recovery 
to  the  northwestern  corner.  South  of  Fort  liecovery  this  boundary 
was  surveyed  as  the  first  principal  meridian  of  the  General  Land 
Office. 

INDIANA. 

By  the  act  passed  in  the  year  1800,  to  take  effect  on  and  after  the  4th 
day  of  July  of  that  year,  the  Territory  Northwest  of  the  lliver  Ohio  was 
divided  into  two  parts,  the  eastern  part  to  retain  the  old  name,  t'aa 
western  part  to  bftcome  the  Territory  of  Indiana. 


118 


BOUNDARIEi=*    OF   THE    UNITED   STATES. 


[Bri.i..i7i. 


n\ 


%. 


Under  this  sict  the  Territory  of  Iiidiiiiiii  was  oryjanized.     The  desci  ip 
tion  of  the  boundary  line  between  these  two  Territories  is  jjiven  in  tlie 
following  act  establishing  them : 

That  from  and  al'tor  tho  fourth  day  of  Jnly  next  all  that  part  of  tlio  territory  of 
the  I'uited  States  northwest  of  tho  Ohio  River,  which  lies  to  the  westward  of  a  line 
bo^iiinin;;  at  the  Ohio,  opposite  to  tho  moutli  of  Kentucky  Kivor,  and  running  then(  c 
to  Fort  Recovery,  and  thence  nortii  until  it  shall  intersect  the  territorial  lino  bctwiiii 
the  United  States  and  Canada,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  temporary  governnunit,  cini- 
stitute  a  separate  Territory,  and  bo  called  Iniliana  Territory. 

Skc.  5.  That  whenever  that  part  of  tho  territory  of  the  United  States  which  lies  to 
the  eastward  of  aline  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  tho  Great  Miami  River,  and  ruuninn 
thence  due  north  to  the  territorial  lino  between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  sliall 
be  erected  into  an  independent  State,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  foot- 
ing with  the  original  States,  thenceforth  said  line  shall  become  and  remain  perma- 
nently the  boundary  line  between  such  State  and  th"  Indiana  Territory,  anytliiug  in 
this  act  contained  to  the  contrary  notwith8t'j,ndiug.     (Sixth  Congress,  first  session.) 

Ohio  was  admitted  in  1802.  Its  western  boundary,  a  meridian  through 
the  mouth  of  the  Miami  Kiver,  left  a  narrow  strip  of  country  between 
Ohio  and  the  Territory  of  Indiana,  which  was  by  a  clause  in  the  enabliiij,' 
act  of  Ohio  added  to  Indiana  Territory.  The  following  is  the  clause  iu 
question : 

Sec.  3.  All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  tho  United  States  northwest  of  tho  rivor 
Ohio  heretofore  included  in  the  eastern  division  of  said  Territory,  and  not  iucliidcd 
within  the  boundary  herein  prescribed  for  the  said  State,  is  hereby  attached  to  anil 
made  a  part  of  the  Indiana  Territory. 

On  the  30ih  of  June,  1805,  the  northern  portion  of  Indiana  Territory 
was  cut  off  and  organized  as  Michigan  Territory.  (For  the  divisional 
line  befween  these,  see  Michigan,  p.  119.) 

On  iVIarch  1, 1809,  Indiana  Territory  was  divided,  and  the  western  por- 
tion of  it  organized  as  Illinois  Territory.  (For  ^  description  of  the  divi 
sioual  line  between  these  two  Territories,  see  Illinois,  p,  119. )  On  Decem- 
ber 11,  1816,  Indiana  was  admitted  as  a  State  with  the  limits  as  given 
in  the  following  extract  from  the  enabling  act,  which  have  not  since 
been  changed. 

AN  ACT  to  enable  the  people  of  the  Indiana  Territory  to  I'orin  a  constitution  and  State  governimni 
and  for  the  admiaaiou  of  such  State  into  tho  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  Statts. 

The  said  State  shall  consist  of  all  the  territory  included  within  the  followinf! 
boundaries,  to  wit:  Hounded  on  the  east  by  tlio  meridian  line  which  foims  the  west- 
ern l)oundary  of  the  State  of  Ohio;  on  the  south  by  tho  river  Ohio  from  tlie  moutli 
of  the  Great  Miami  River  to  tho  mouth  of  the  River  Wabash ;  on  the  west  by  a  line 
drawn  along  the  juiddle  of  the  Wabash  from  its  mouth  to  a  jioint  where  a  duo  norfli ! 
line  drawn  from  the  town  of  Vmcennes  would  last  touch  tho  northwestern  shore  of  I 
the  said  river ;  ami  from  thence  by  a  due  north  line,  until  the  same  shall  intersect  an 
east  and  west  line  drawn  through  a  point  10  miles  north  of  the  southern  extreme  ot 
Lake  Michigan;  on  the  north  by  tlio  said  east  and  west  line  until  the  same  shall  in- 
tersect the  iirst-mentioned  meridian  line  which  forms  the  western  boundary  of  tbtf 
State  of  Ohio.     (Fourteenth  Congress,  first  session.) 

The  north  boundary  of  Indiana  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1827,  until 
its  west  boundary  by  a  joint  commission  of  the  two  States,  Indiana  tiutlj 
Illinois. 


(BrM..i7i. 


riu!  desciip 
jfiveii  in  tlie 


U'  8.  OEOLOOICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       p,.. 


lio  torritoiy  of 
;wanl  of  a  line 
uiininy  thenrc 
»1  line  betwicii 
k'ei'iinit'nt,  cini- 

s  whioh  lioH  to 
r,  aud  ruuiiiim 
[  Canada,  mIiuII 
an  equal  foot- 
roniain  peniia- 
y,  anything  in 
,  first  session.) 

liaii  through 
try  betwc'oii 
the  enabling;' 
Am  chiiise  iu 


ist  of  tlao  rivor 
d  not  iucliidcd 
ttacbed  to  iuid 

nil  Territory 
le  divisional 

western  por- 
nof  tbedivi- 
On  Decern- 
lits  as  given 
ve  not  since 


state  govommcnt 
urigiuiil  Statfs. 

the  ibilowin<;  I 
foims  the  wcst- 
'oni  the  nioutli 

west  by  a  line 
ere  a  duo  nortli  j 
estern  Hhorc  (if  I 
all  intersect  an 
icrn  extreme  ot 
t  same  shall  ii>- 
3undary  of  tbf 


Bull.  171- 9 


in  1827,  aiui 
Indiana  iiudj 


f'H 


u.  a,  o( 


i'    .  .-* 


U.   (.   OIOLOOKAL  tURVCV 


■ULLCTIN  NO.    in      PL.   XLIV 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  ILLINOIS. 


OlNNtTT, 


Illim 
scqueul 
The  fol] 
detlnea 


I'rom  ni 

wliinli  Jie« 

Kiverund 

»u<i  Canaci 

I  Territory  ) 

On  I)e< 
boundary 

I  AJV  AOT  to  ( 
ami  tor  the 

The  said 

Iboundariea, 
Isuiue  and  wi 
Jwith  the  liui 
|th(*  middle  o 
JffeHt  to  the  B 
■that  river  to 
p  HortWest 

The  nortl 


Michigan 
Impart  of] 
I  The  follow 
)  limits: 

|f>oiiandaft( 
f  i'M  lies  nortJ 
p'gan,  until 
pthorly  bend  i 
» north  to  tht 
knporary  gove 
fghth  Congrea 

jrhis  Jine  wa 
pe  enabJin, 
Vsferring  to 
hois  not  inc 
pt  of  the  clau 

p  that  part  of 
Und  which  wa 
MuiBoiaTepr 
J«pre«oribed  bj 
Il»erebyi8,»tta« 
formation  of  tl 


OlNNtTT.] 


lUlNOIS-MiCHlOAN. 


IW.INOI.S. 


119 


^'ronj  and  after  th«  fir^t  day  „r  u      ,  *""  "'^'•'*  «—-».. 

a-'<i  Canada  aha]]   for    C         "°'^''  '"  *^'  t^rritort ,' 'LT/'  '^°'"  **■«  «'»^''  Waba„h 
0»  December  3  1818  .>     ^      ^'^ '^""'^^««-' -««o"d -eniion      *"*' *  "''P»'-*« 
^  ACT  toe.^,„,,.^„^,,„^,^^^       ^'""««  *»»«««  boundaries  as  foIJowI     "' 

llie  said  State  sliaJl  ,.«     ■.  ""'"•'"^ "»"•«>«««  with t^;^'^ «**''*'"'■"'*. 

Jboundaries,  to  wit    ni         •'"'*  "^  *''  ti«  torritorv  inn,  /,        *'"' "'•'«"'•'  S^-te,. 

--and^iththeiin'lTftdTa '^*/'^  "''^"*''  ^^tZ^lltl^  T^  *^"  ^«"-in« 

;ith  the  line  of  the  sa^e  stteTth"  *'"  ""'''^«'*  "olX^T '  J'''"'^«  "P  ^''e 

|th^<  Middle  of  said  ]ako  to  nort  1  *rf  "".'^^'^  °^"^»''«  Michiin    th        '  *''"'"'*  «-* 

I  -onw„  .0^^  „„„^„„,^  ^^^  ^^^  "r:;:::~ . 

MICHIGAN. 

.■'b«rij  be,,d  though  LS'-'J'  Eri.,  .„d^,  of  .toeZ^'r-"'"-^" 
•  north  to  the  Mrth  Jn  K  J' ''''""'  '»■">  •"  i«a  »oKh.™  !  f^""  *»■"«»  i>.iil 
U.r,  governCt'lSr  Of  •'..  "^-"^  S  Thru  "SI"'  '""""'•^ 

n '"  '"■«  ""s  >■>"•  and  marked  in  isw 
pile  enabling  act  for  mi„.-  '"■ 

h'^H-y  U,  Ut^i^J^tT  ""^  ^••''  ""'""•y  aotho°l^  tf^  ';*'•  *»  '"■nd. 


120 


BOUNDARIES   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


[BULL.  171. 


In  1834  an  act  was  passed  extending  the  limits  of  the  Territory  of 
Michigan  to  the  Missouri  Biver. 
The  clause  of  this  act  relating  to  area  is  as  follows : 

AN  ACT  to  attach  the  territory  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Misaissippi  River  and  north  ui'  the 
State  of  Missouri  to  the  Territory  of  Michigan. 

All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  on  the  south  by  the  State  of  Missouri  and  a  line  drawn  due  west  from 
the  northwest  corner  of  said  State  to  the  Missouri  River;  on  the  southwest  and  west 
by  thu  Missouri  River  and  the  White  Earth  River,  falling  into  the  same;  and  on  the 
north  by  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Uuited  States,  shall  be,  and  hereby  is,  for  the 
purpose  of  temporary  government,  attached  to  and  made  a  part  of  the  Territory  of 
Michigan. 

In  1836  Wisconsin  Territory  was  formed  from  that  part  of  Michigan  j 
Territory  lying  west  of  the  present  limits  of  the  State  of  that  name,  j 
( Vide  Wisconsin,  p.  121.) 

The  boundary  line  between  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  between  the] 
sources  of  Brule  and  Montreal  rivers,  was  run  and  marked  in  1847. 

Reduced  to  its  present  limits,  as  described  in  the  following  clause  fromi 
its  enabling  act,  Michigan  was  admitted  to  the  Union  January  26, 1837 :j 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Michigan  into  the  Union. 

Beginning  at  the  point  where  the  above-described  northern  boundary  of  the  .Stati 
of  Ohio  intersects  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  State  of  Indiana,  and  ruuning  thenci 
with  the  said  boundary  line  of  Ohio,  as  described  in  the  first  section  of  this  act,  iinti 
it  intersects  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada  in  Lake  Erie| 
thence  with  the  said  boundary  line  between  the  United  Stages  and  Canada,  througl 
the  Detroit  River,  Lake  Huron,  and  Lake  Superior,  to  a,  point  where  the  said  line  1 
touches  Lake  Superior;  thence  in  a  direct  line  through  Lake  Superior  to  iibe  iiioii 
of  the  Montreal  River;  thence  through  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the 
river  Montreal  to  the  middle  of  the  Lake  of  the  Desert ;;.  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  t 
nearest  headwater  of  the  Menomonee  River;  thence  through  the  middle  of  that  fui 
of  the  said  river  first  touched  by  the  said  line  to  the  main  channel  of  the  said  S 
nomonee  River ;  thence  down  the  center  of  the  main  channel  of  the  same  to  the  ceo 
of  the  most  usual  ship  channel  of  the  Green  Bay  of  Lake  Michigan ;  thence  throu 
the  center  of  the  most  Msual  ship  channel  of  the  said  bay  to  the  middle  of  Lake  Mi 
igan;  thence  through  the  middle  of  Lake  Michigan  to  the  northern  boundary  of  i 
State  of  Indiana,  as  that  line  was  established  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  niueteei 
of  April,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixteen ;  thence  due  east  with  the  north  bound 
line  of  the  said  State  of  Indiana  to  the  northeast  corner  thereof;  and  thence  so 
with  the  east  boundary  line  of  Indiana  to  the  place  of  beginning.    (Twenty -fui 
Congress,  first  session.) 

The  above  boundaries  remain  unchanged. 

WISCONSIN. 

Wisconsin  was  organized  as  a  Territory  July  3, 1836.  As  origin^ 
constituted  its  area  comprised  all  that  part  of  the  former  Territorj 
Michigan  which  lay  outside  of  the  present  limits  of  the  State  of  Mil 
gan.    The  limits  are  defined  in  the  act  for  its  organization  as  follo| 

Bounded  on  the  east  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  northeast  comer  of  the  State  o^ 
nois,  through  the  middle  of  Lake  Michigan,  to  a  point  in  the  middle  of  said  lak^ 
opposite  the  main  channel  of  Qreen  Bay,  and  through  said  obannel  and  Qreeu  iil 


4;  Jf iW^WPW^N^ 


U.  8.  QEOLOaiCAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    t71      PL.   XLV 


[BULL.  171. 

Titory  of 

I  nortli  of  the 

l>y  the  Mis- 
B  west  from 
lat  and  west 
and  oil  the 
)y  is,  for  the 
Territory  of  | 

;  Michigan 
that  name. 

atween  the 
in  1847. 
clause  from 
iry26,1837: 

Onion. 

•y  of  the  Stat( 

uuning  theno 

f  this  act,  iinti 

in  Lake  Krie 

nada,  tbroug 

e  said  line  I 

r  to  Ihe  mou' 

nel  of  the  sai 

rect  line  to  t! 

leofthatfo! 

f  the  said  M 

etothecen 

ithencethrou 

of  Lake  Mi' 

oundary  of 

the  niueteei 

orth  hounJi 

d  thence  sc 

Twenty-fo 


IAs  origin^ 
Territorj 
ite  of  Mij 
)n  as  foUoJ 
Ithe  State  of 
jf  said  lak^ 
id  Greeu  Bl 


-  V    '^   ^    S    K    A 


I    N    D.io    H    I    0 

''  i 

1 

1 


HISTORICAL   DIAGRAM   OF   MICHIGAN. 


KANSAS 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM   OF  WISCONSIN. 


oan; 


the  J 

rive: 

line 

Moij: 

thet 

tben 

from 

Eartl 

Misso 

and  o: 

Misso 

alread 

In 

a  line 

that  j 

purch 

On 

the  bo 

Begin 

in  the  ce 

of  nortii 

State  of 

iiee  fiive 

Jnst-nien 

a  direct 

Lake  off 

marked  u 

the  Mont] 

Superior  • 

liver  to  tl 

"lap;  thei 

middle  of 

of  the  rnai 

fhenco  dut 

beginning. 

On  Ma 
«»n  was  J 

]>roi)osed 

That  the ; 
tlie  first  art] 
the  act  of  C 
Coriu  a  const 
tlie  Union," 
"'•■irdly  to  a 
tlicnco  due  8( 
I  ''own  the  sai* 
[t'lid  section.) 

On  May ; 

The  bouii 
j  St.  Croix  R 
I  liftud  Office, 


■>!■■"-■■':■ "— r-rrrripimiriirjii 


OANNRTT.] 


WISCONSIN. 


the  month  of  tluwM,.n.,mo,..e.fh«        .,  ^-1 

the  north  with  the  said  w-^  '^*'^*^'^  ^'^^t  toucho  "  a  j T'^  '^"^"if  "^"'■'•"-  *"  '^^er. 
from  theaaid  hounda^t  •„?."'  ""'^  *"  ^'^  ^^^''ito  F^r  ^  Kit  ""'*'' ^^'««*'-  thence  on 
^-rth  River  to  theSs  ^^^  'u ''"'"""  ''«-  *"«  "-He  of  ZZ' " "  '!"  ""^*  ">'  *  ""« 
Missouri  River  to  an  it     I'^'TV"^"*^'!"^"  the  nuddlfofl^^^''^ 

Missonri;  and  thence  with  /'"? '''"^  "'''  *"  *''«  "..rhel?^" ''*"*« «''*'i«««"'-i, 
already  fixed  by  ac  s  of  f  ''"""''■'^ries  of  tho  States  of  Ar    """''■  "^  ^''^  «*"*^'  of 

-in  1838  all  that  nsirt  «f  f  i      .  a^resN,  fnst  Hession.) 

'a8t-n,entioned  rive  o ?Ik«  I!'"''  "'  "'"''  '-^r  to  th  tl'o  rT  'V'''  *^*'"«'«o- 
■•I  direct  Jinetothe';!  Vf  ''  ^'^^''^^'^h.n.thoso,  w  u  "'  *^'«"^^«  "I»  said 
Lake  of  the  Des  t  th.  n'  *''  ''"""•'^  between  M^ ':",«"'"' ^""^^^^''^ei" 
™arke..  npon  tulVJ^l^a:^  t"*  ^'•"'  *"  *^-  ^-a^^>tterif\7*^ '«'-''"  '"  "- 
the  Montreal  River  Z\7  ^^  ^'aj.tain  Cranun  •  t}uZ    7        ^^""treal  River,  a« 

Superior  to   hen  :,;;r;^^.'''^'''^-^"i^«"«^h^^^^^^^^^ 

-ap;  thencedne  sZt^to  t  1"  """r'"-  the  Indian "  ]  1^,  \' J""  «^«-'«lof  said 
'ni«ldIo  of  the  n.ain  "h '    n       .    """  '•'■''"'^'^  "^'  the  ri  ver  sST        *^'"^  *"  ^^'^""«t'8 

^n  March  3  18^7  o  , 

«».  was  passed  b;('o,!r,r"''-y  """^  ^''''-'■"ission  of  Wi, 
I-..oaed  State  „/s„,~k";;r;  '"^  — '.■  ^.-^.U^^lrtZ- 

I  hat  the  assent  of  f"n 

St.  Cro,x  Biver  w«,  surveyed  tt„!?t*'"'  ?*,'""''«»'"  from  St.  Loais  to 
I^d  Office.  ™^'"'  •""'  '"«''«<1  ia  18S2,  under  tl,e  Geuerll 


122 


boundarip:s  of  the  united  states. 


[bi'li,.  171. 


I* 


is 


I 


MISROITKI. 

The  name  of  the  Territory  of  LouiHicUui  was  changed  in  1812  to  Mis- 
souri, by  act  of  Congress.  At  that  time  the  Territory  comprised  all 
of  the  original  Louisiana  purchase,  excepting  the  State  of  Louisiana, 
whicli  had  been  fornie«l  from  it.  The  Territory  of  Arkansas,  with  limits 
very  simihir  to  those  of  the  present  State,  was  formed  from  it  in  1811). 
On  August  10, 1821, the  State  oi  Missouri  was  formed  find  admitted,  with 
limits,  excepting  as  to  the  uorthwest  corner,  the  same  as  at  present. 

Boundaries  are  defined  as  follows : 

Beginning  in  the  irii<ldle  of  the  MisHissippi  River,  on  the  parallel  of  thirty-six 
degrees  of  north  latitude;  thence  west  along  that  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  Saint 
Francois  River;  thence  up  and  following  the  course  of  that  river,  in  the  middle  of 
the  main  channel  thereof,  to  the  parallel  of  latitude  of  thirty-six  degrees  and  thirty 
minutes;  thence  west  along  the  same  to  a  2)uint  where  the  said  jtarallel  is  intersected 
hy  a  meridian  line  passing  through  the  middle  of  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas  River 
where  the  same  empties  into  the  Missouri  River;  thence  from  the  point  aforesaid 
north  along  the  said  meridian  line  tu  the  intersection  of  the  parallel  of  latitude 
which  passes  through  the  rapids  of  the  river  Des  Moines,  making  the  said  line  to 
correspond  with  the  Indian  houiidary  line;  thence  east  from  the  point  of  intersec- 
tion last  aforesaid  along  the  said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  of 
the  main  fork  of  the  sai<l  river  Des  Moinfes;  thence  down  aiul  along  the  middle 
of  the  main  channel  of  the  said  river  Ues  Moines  to  the  mouth  of  the  same  where  it 
empties  into  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  due  east  to  the  middle  of  the  main  chan- 
nel of  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  down  and  following  tiie  course  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  thereof,  to  the  ])lace  of  heginning. 
(Sixteenth  Congress,  first  session.) 

In  183G  the  boundaries  were  extended  on  the  northwest  to  the  Mis- 
souri River,  as  described  in  the  following  act  of  the  legislature  amend- 
atory to  the  constitution  of  1820 : 

That  the  boundary  of  the  State  be  so  altered  and  extended  as  to  include  all  that 
tract  of  laud  lying  on  the  north  side  of  the  Missouri  River  and  west  of  the  present 
boundary  of  this  State,  so  that  the  same  shall  be  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  middle 
of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri  River  and  on  the  north  by  the  present  northern 
boundary  line  of  the  State,  as  established  by  the  constitution,  when  the  same  is  con- 
tinued in  aright  line  to  the  west,  oi  to  include  so  much  of  said  tract  of  land  as  Con- 
gress may  assent. 

This  was  ratified  by  Congress  in  the  following  act: 

AN  ACT  to  extend  the  western  boundary  of  the  State  of  Missouri  to  tbe  Missouri  Rivor. 

That  when  the  Indian  title  to  al  I  the  lands  lying  between  the  State  of  Missouri  and 
the  Missouri  River  shall  he  extinguished,  the  Jurisdiction  over  said  lands  shall  be 
hereby  ceded  to  the  State  of  Missouri,  an<l  the  western  boundary  of  said  State  sliiilll 
be  then  extended  to  the  Missouri  River.     (Twenty- fourth  Congress,  first  session.) 

The  north  boundary  of  Missouri  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  i)iirtj 
in  1816,  and  the  remainder  in  1850,  under  the  General  Land  Office. 

The  western  boundary  was  run  and  marked,  from  the  mouth  o^ 
Kansas  River  to  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  State,  in  1823. 

The  territory  remaining  after  the  formation  of  the  State  bore  tbe 
name  of  Missouri  for  many  years  thereafter.    Meanwhile,  however,  it 


•■Tmimmimmb 


U.  8.  QEOLOQICAL  SUnVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       PL.   XLVI 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  MISSOURI. 


m^ 


OAl 


fro 

of 

Mi( 

Io\» 

and 

Km 

Tl 

The 

moui 

sixtli 

and 

Fram 

oflat 

raerid 

the  W( 

njoutli 

chann 

the  ra] 

40O  35' 

as  its  p 

the  mic 


1  1 


Iowa 
a  portio 
in  the  a< 

All  that 
Kiver  and 
Mississipp 
consin,  p.  i 

The  fol 
the  above 

AN  J 

That  th« 
'leemed,  anc 
Jowa,  BO  far 
said  river,     i 

Iowa  wa 

constituted 

I  it  has  at  pr 

The  follow 

That  the  f© 

Beginning  at  i 

J  tlienoe  by  the 

through  the  u 


OANNJCTT.] 


MISSOURI— low^. 


Was  reduced  bv  fh«  ft.       ..  123 

from  ite  area.Tj^;"^'"''"  "^  ^^e™!  Territorie,  .,„•  , 

»f  MiMouri  a,,.,  Whit  t^  '*'"''  '""•"'  »f  the  St^to  "f  m  "''  "*'■'*  "--vod 

Michigan.    (Po*  ,„  J^'^  fprt"  nver,  „.aa  aBn^,!,  'T""-'  ""«  «»st 

Iowa,  below  mL;"„     "  ^'^^'y  «f  this  portion  ^'';  "«>  Territory  of 

Kansas,  „.  125  ."r^'T  »•'"«  '"""^l,  absorbil ,;!;'    '"  '*'*  '^""^s 
The folowinUreZf '■"«'''*'  "•  ^^O-  '^  "■" '"'"'"'''le'--   ( I'* 

The  ea»t  bon,  far'  i  t^  "'"""darie,  of  Mi^„„i  „^ 

month  of  the  ttiTir       '""'■"'"'""el  of  the  M^:    '""'"' "^'Wished: 

si^thparall^on!,,^'";™'  *"  ""  l>»i->to   Mto  1  r"""  '"™'-  """'  the 

»<«  rons  wl  if  I""'"'  "«'  "»"»  bon^dart ,»      "'  "'"'  "'»  ""rty 

Fr»°ci,    Cr  then       '"'■•*"°'  <"•  3«  decrees  >;";?'. "'-'  '""en-oi.ft 

of  latitude  390  i'Th"  ""  ""■  "'"'-''»""elTttot  ,  f '■  "  '"  ""  «"-' 
raeridian  passing/,       """  ""^'  »"  "'at  pa.^^;..!??     '"    '"  "">  I'arallel 

*-«  west  ZZVyTt  fT''''''>'"tuXCT'^-'-" 'y  " 

mouth  of  «.A  IT  ^  '»«t-nieutioued  m«..-  ^  ^^ansas  Hivor- 

as  its  piintofTnf    '^""Oary  is  the  last  me  ?  „    T^'^  "•"  l-arallcl  „f 
the  miZhann  tJre  r  T  "'"  ^^^^'^^eXj^'T'  "^  ^"^  «"•"' 
-' Of  the  Bes  Moines  «™,,  3out;rrdV:t':oi:tr''^ 

IOWA. 

aportr„::f  wi:Z:?  -"Temtoryon  J„,y,  j^,,  ,  . 
'-heacte^^;~  '""'--■    -"'>  ^^'^'-^tZ^T^ 

oo-i",  p.  116.)     """'""  "»«•  (Tw™,j..flft^  c„;;„';'^™"»  »■• »»"™,,  .„■  SI" 

The  following  clause  fr  '  """"'•  **  ""■ 

the  above  aet:  ^^  »  -  V^^  in  IS.9  ,,  ,„,^,„^^^ 

AN  ACT  to  I  fl  J^   •'" 

The  following  extract  fr      ..  ^^  '"^^"^ 

"'enc  by  the  ^MdHJ  H^r,"*"'  '"'"  at  .L1t.de°t  1 '°""'  •«  ""= 
I  «'ver,  tLence  «..^t  along  the 


124 


BOUNDARIES    OB'   THE    UNITED   STATES. 


[Bru- 171. 


lU 


W 


m 


snid  parallel  of  latitude  to  a  point  where  it  is  interseotod  by  a  meridian  line,  seven- 
teen degrees  and  thirty  minutes  west  of  the  meridian  of  Washington  City ;  thenoe 
duo  south  to  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri ;  thence  eastwardly 
following  that  boundary  to  the  point  at  which  the  sa"ie  intersects  the  Des  Moines 
River;  thence  by  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  that  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 
(Twenty-eighth  Congress,  second  session.) 

On  December  28, 1846,  an  act  was  passed  changiug  the  boundaries 
of  the  State  and  giving  it  its  present  limits. 

The  following  extract  from  the  act  defines  the  boundaries  as  at  pres- 
ent constituted : 

Keginning  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at  a  point 
due  east  of  the  middle  of  the  mouth  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Des  Moines  River; 
thence  up  the  middle  of  tlie  main  uliannol  of  the  said  Des  Moines  River  to  a  point 
on  said  river  where  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  as  estab- 
lished by  the  constitution  of  that  State,  adopted  June  twelfth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  twenty,  crosses  the  said  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  said  Des  Moines 
Kivur ;  thence  westwardly  along  the  said  northern  boundary  lino  of  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, as  established  at  the  time  aforesaid,  until  an  extension  of  said  line  intersect 
the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri  River,  to  a  point  opposite  the  middle 
of  the  main  channel  of  the  Big  Sioux  River,  according  to  Nicollet's  map;  thence  up 
the  main  channel  of  the  said  Big  Sioux  River,  according  to  said  map,  until  it  is 
intersected  by  the  parallel  of  forty-three  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  north  latitude; 
thence  east  along  said  parallel  of  forty-throe  degrees  and  thirty  minutes,  until  said 
parallel  intersect  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  Mississippi  River  to  the  place  of 
beginning. 

Its  northern  boundary  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1852,  under  the 
General  Land  Office. 

MINNESOTA. 

The  Territory  of  Minnesota  was  organized  on  March  3,  1849,  and 
originally  comprised  the  portion  of  the  former  Terrijtory  of  Iowa,  out- 
side of  the  limits  of  the  present  State  of  Iowa,  extending  east  to  the 
west  boundary  line  of  Wisconsin.  The  terms  of  the  act  creating  this 
Territory,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  its  boundary,  are  as  follows : 

All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  which  lies  within  the  following 
limits,  to  wit:  Beginning  in  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  point  where  the  line  of 
forty-three  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  of  north  latitude  crosses  the  same ;  thence 
running  due  west  on  said  line,  which  is  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  said  State  of  Iowa;  thence  southerly  along  the  west- 
em  boundary  of  said  State  to  the  point  where  said  boundary  strikes  the  Missouri 
River ;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri  River  to  the  mouth 
of  the  White  Earth  River;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  White 
Earth  River  to  the  boundary  line  between  the  possessions  of  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain  to  Lake  Superior ;  thence  along  the  western  boundary  line  of  said  State 
of  Wisconsin  to  the  Mississippi  River;  thence  down  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to 
the  place  of  beginning.    (Thirtieth  Congress,  second  session.) 

Minnesota  was  admitted  as  a  State  on  May  11, 1858,  with  the  same 
boundaries  which  it  has  at  present.  These  are  given  in  the  enabling 
act  as  follows : 

Beginning  at  the  point  in  the  center  of  the  main  Channel  of  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  where  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  Possessions 


imiillililll— MiiMMI 


U.   8.   OEOLOf.lCAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.   171      PL.   XLVII 


f^      E     B      R      A      S      K      A 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF   MINNESOTA. 


pllovring 

U  line  of 
thenoo 
[of  Iowa, 
|he  yfwt- 
lissouri 
lie  month 
je  White 
ktes  and 
iid  State 
.river  to 

labling 


ler  of  the 

Isaessious 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  IOWA. 


OANN 

croHt 
Sioii 
tlio  c 
tliol] 

Hoiidj 

llOIIIll 

main 
Niii  ur 
tliroiij 
iiitersi 
tlionce 

was  8 


m 


The 
of  Mis 
tiou  (U 

SECTIi 

'ollowiu 

iioia  the 

<><'tbe  St 

tliosuiue 

"oith  oil 

west  wan 

Moiintair 

tlieiice  ea 

south  wit 

eanio  is  he 

of Kausas 

A  i)ori 
its  forma 

Kausai 
preseut  I 

The  said 

Ijoiindaries 
Aiissouri  wl 
west  on  8ai( 
ton;  theme 
on  said  ])an 
the  Western 

The  sout 

in  1857.     1 

surveyors, 

boundary  i 

The  iiorl 

meridian,  v 

1855-59,  th( 

by  Capt.  U 

Bull  1 


OANNKTT.l 


MINNKS*  )TA  —  K  A  NSAS. 


125 


croHaeH  the  muau;  tliuiioo  up  thx  iiiuiii  rliiMiiKtl  of  miid  rivor  to  tliiit  of  the  KuIh  tluH 
Sioux  Rlv<'r;  thunctt  up  tho  iiiiiiii  chiuiMcl  of  Huid  rivor  to  LakoTriivorHe;  theiico  up 
tlio  center  of  Miild  lake  to  the  Montiieni  extrruilty  thereof;  theuce  in  a  direct  line  to 
tlio  head  of  IJig  .Stone  Liikc;  thence  tliroiigh  its  center  to  its  outlet;  thence  by  a  due 
Houth  line  to  the  nortli  line  of  the  State  of  lowii;  thence  east  along  the  northern 
IxHindary  of  Haid  State  to  tho  main  channel  of  tho  MiuHiHaippi  Hivor;  thence  up  the 
nniin  channel  of  said  river,  and  following  tho  boundary  line  (tf  tht;i  State  of  WiMCon- 
HJn  until  tho  Hanie  interHoctH  the  Saint  Louis  River;  thence  down  said  river  to  and 
tiirongh  Lake  Superior,  on  the  boundary  line  of  WiHConsin  and  Michigan,  until  it 
intersflcts  the  dividing  line  between  the  United  StateH  and  tho  liritish  Possensious; 
thence  up  Pigeon  River,  ami  following  waid  dividing  line,  to  tho  place  of  beginning. 

The  western  boiuulary  line,  from  liig  Sioux  Kiver  to  Miunesota  River, 
was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1859-00,  under  the  General  Laud  Office. 

KANSAS. 


The  Territory  of  Kansas  was  or{?ani/e(l  on  May  30,  1854,  from  a  part 
of  Missouri  Territory.  The  following  clause  from  the  act  of  organiza- 
tion detines  its  limits: 

Section  19.  All  that  i)art  of  tho  territory  of  the  lluitad  StateH  included  within  tho 
following  liniitH,  except  such  portionu  thereof  as  are  hereinafter  expressly  exeniptetl 
from  tho  operations  of  this  act,  to  wit:  Heginniugatapoint  on  tho  western  boundary 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,  where  tho  thirty-seventh  parallel  of  north  latitado  crosses 
the  same ;  thence  west  on  said  parallel  to  the  eastern  boundary  o^New  Mexico ;  tlienco 
north  on  said  boundary  to  latitude  thirty-eight;  thenco  following  said  boundary 
westward  to  the  east  boundary  of  the  Territory  of  Utah,  on  tho  summit  of  the  Rooky 
Mountains;  thence  northward  on  said  sunmiit  to  the  fortieth  parallel  of  latitude ; 
thence  east  on  said  parallel  to  tho  western  boundary  of  the  State  of  Missouri ;  thence 
south  with  the  western  boundary  of  said  State  to  tho  i)lace  of  beginning,  be,  and  the 
sanie  is  hereby,  created  into  a  temporary  government  by  the  name  of  the  Territory 
of  Kansas. 

A  i)ortion  of  this  Territory  was  given  up  to  Colorado  at  the  time  of 
its  formation  in  1861.     ( Vide  Colorado,  p.  130.) 

Kansas  was  admitted  into  the  Union  on  January  29,  1801,  with  its 
present  boundaries,  which  are  thus  delined  in  the  enabling  act: 

The  said  State  shall  consist  of  all  the  territory  included  within  the  following 
boundaries,  to  wit:  Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  western  boundary  of  the  State  of 
Missouri  where  the  thirty-seventh  parallel  of  north  latitude  crosses  the  same;  thence 
west  on  said  parallel  to  the  twenty-fifth  meridian  of  longitude  west  from  Washing- 
ton; thence  north  on  said  meridian  to  the  fortieth  parallel  of  latitude;  thence  east 
on  said  j)arallel  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  State  of  Missouri;  thence  south  with 
the  western  boundary  of  said  State  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

The  south  boundary  was  surveyed  and  marked  by  Col.  J.  E.  Johnston, 
in  1857.  This  line  was  subsequently  retraced  and  re  marked  by  deputy 
surveyors,  in  the  extension  of  the  public  land  surveys.  The  western 
boundary  was  surveyed  in  1872,  under  the  General  Land  Office. 

The  north  boundary,  which  is  the  base  line  for  the  sixth  principal 
meridian,  was  run  by  deputy  surveyors  of  the  General  Land  Office, 
1855-59,  the  initial  point,  on  the  Missonri  river,  having  been  determined 
by  Capt.  Lee,  U.  S.  topographical  engineer. 
Bull.  171 10 


126 


BOUNDARIES   OF   THK    UNITED   STATES. 


[Bt'Ll-.  171. 


11  i 


NKnilAHKA. 

The  Territory  of  NebraHka  was  tbrmed  on  May  30,  1854,  from  tlic 
northwcHteni  part  of  Missouri  Territory.  Its  liiuitw,  an  originally 
constitnted,  are  ilctlned  as  followH  in  the  act  of  orf^ani/.ation : 

HeKinniiig  ut  a  i>oinf  in  tho  MiHHoiiri  Uivi^r  whoio  th«)  t'ortieth  piiriillel  of  north 
latitude  crosaeH  thu  Name;  tlioncM  wont  on  said  parallel  to  tho  cant  lioumlar.v  of  tho 
Territory  of  Utah,  on  tlu*  Huuiniit  of  the  Uocky  Mountains;  thence  on  Haid  Huunnit 
northwanl  to  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude;  thencu  vunt  on  Haid  para'lul 
to  the  Nv«!8tern  houndary  uf  the  Territory  of  Minmmota;  thenco  Houthward  on  ttaid 
boundary  to  the  Missouri  River;  thence  down  the  main  chtinnol  of  Haid  river  to  the 
place  of  beginning,  be,  and  tho  name  iH  hereby,  created  into  a  temporary  government 
by  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Nebraska.     (Thirty-third  Congress,  tirst  session. ) 

This  area  was  reduced  in  1801  by  the  formation  of  tlie  TerritoricH  of 
Colorado  and  Dakota.    (  Vide  Ooh)rado,  p.  l.'{0,  and  Dakota,  p.  127.) 
The  State  of  Nebraska  was  admitted  on  Marcli  1,  1807. 
Its  Hmits  are  defined  as  follows  in  the  enabliun;  act: 

That  the  said  State  of  Nebraska  Hhall  consiHt  of  all  the  territory  included  within 
the  following  boundaries,  to  wit:  Commencing  at  a  point  formed  by  the  intersection 
of  tho  western  boundary  of  tho  State  of  MiuHouri  with  the  lortieth  degree  of  i»)rth 
latitude;  extending  thence  due  woHt  along  said  fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude  to 
a  point  formed  by  its  intersection  with  the  twenty-fifth  degree  of  longitude  west 
from  Washington ;  tlwnce  north  along  said  twenty-iifth  degree  of  longitude  to  a 
point  formed  by  its  intersection  witli  tho  forty-first  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence 
west  along  said  forty-firHt  degree  of  north  latitude  to  a  point  formed  by  its  interuec- 
tion  with  the  twenty-seventh  degree  of  longitude  west  from  WaMhington ;  thence 
north  along  said  twenty-seventh  degree  of  west  longitude  to  a  point  formed  by 
its  intersection  with  the  forty-third  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  east  along 
said  forty -third  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the  Keyapaha  Rivor ;  thence  down  the 
middle  of  the  channel  of  said  rivor,  with  its  mennderings,  to  its  junction  with  the 
Niobrara  River;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  said  Niobrara  River,  and 
following  the  meanderiugs  thereof,  to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri  River;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  tho  channel  of  said  Missouri  River,  and  following  the  meander- 
iugs thereof,  to  the  place  of  beginning.     (Thirty-eighth  Congress,  first  session.) 

In  1870  an  act  was  passed  to  redetiue  a  portion  of  the  boundary 
between  Nebraska  and  the  Territory  of  Dakota,  the  pertinent  portion 
of  which  is  as  follows : 

That  so  soon  as  the  State  of  Nebraska,  through  her  legislature,  has  given  her 
consent  thereto,  the  center  of  the  main  chatiuel  of  the  Missouri  River  shall  be  tho 
boundary  line  between  the  State  of  Nebrask.i  sud  Territory  of  Dakota,  between  the 
following  points,  to  wit:  Commencing  at  a  point  in  the  center  of  said  main  channel, 
north  of  the  west  line  of  section  twenty-iour  in  township  twenty-nine  north,  of 
range  eight  east  of  the  sixth  principal  meridian,  and  running  along  the  same  to  a 
point  west  of  the  most  northerly  portion  of  fractional  section  seventeen,  of  township 
twenty-nine  north,  of  range  nine  east  of  said  meridian,  in  the  State  of  Nebraska,  as 
meandered  and  shown  by  the  plats  and  surveys  of  said  sections  originally  made  and 
now  on  file  in  the  General  Land  Office.    (Forty-first  Congress,  second  session.) 

The  west  boundary  on  the  twenty- fifth  degree  of  longitude  west  of 
Washington,  between  latitudes  40°  and  41°,  the  south  boundary  on 
the  forty-first  parallel  from  the  twenty-fifth  degree  of  longitude  to  the 


r 


u 


«»■  •.  otOLoqicAi.  auAvcv 


•ULLtTIN  NO.    ,M      p^.,,„„ 
A 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  KAN 


SAS. 


H'STOR.CAL  DIAGRAM  OF  NEBRASKA, 


de 

de 

Of 

J 

snii 

allc 

Bi 
be,  I 
inch 
para 
chan 

Tl 
veye 
Hive 
uudc 


I 


'H 


Th( 
of  Mi 
organ 

AUt 

limits, 

North 

the  mai 

BigSto 

the  low 

intersec 

Kiver  ai 

Niobrari 

the  mail 

«P  said  ] 

present  1 

of  Wash 

along  sai 

same  is  h 

ofDakoti 

In  18i 

taken  fr^ 

111  1882 

above.) 

In  187 

450  was  i 

On  :vo 

Nort'i  an 

lowiiig  e: 

theso  8tai 

The  area 
line  of  the 
of  said  Ten 


M^iitoW^mi 


OANNKTT.] 


NEBRASKA NORTH    AND   SOUTH   DAKOTA. 


127 


twenty-seventh  degree,  and  the  west  boundary  on  the  twenty- seventh 
degree  of  longitude,  between  the  forty- first  degree  and  the  forty- third 
degree,  were  surveyed  and  marked  in  1869,  under  the  General  Land 
Office. 

In  1882  an  act  was  passed  transferring  to  this  State  from  Dakota  a 
small  area  lying  between  the  Keyapaha  River  and  the  forty-third  par- 
allel of  latitude.    The  following  is  the  act  in  question : 

Be  it  enacted,  •  »  *  That  the  -.ortheru  boundary  of  the  State  of  Nebraaka  shall 
be,  and  hereby  is,  subject  to  the  provisions  hereinafter  contained,  extended  so  as  to 
include  all  that  portion  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota  lying  sonth  of  the  forty-third 
parallel  of  north  latitude  and  east  of  the  Keyapaha  River  and  west  of  the  main 
channel  of  the  Missouri  River.     (Forty-seventh  Congress,  first  session.) 

The  north  boundary,  from  the  Keyapaha  River  westward,  was  sur- 
veyed in  1873.  In  1893  the  part  of  this  boundary  east  of  Keyapaha 
River  was  surveyed  and  the  remainder  resurveyed.  All  this  was  done 
under  the  General  Land  Office. 

NORTH  DAKOTA  AND  SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

The  Territory  of  Dakota  was  organized  on  March  2,  1861,  from  parts 
of  Minnesota  and  Nebraska  Territories.  The  following  from  the  act  of 
organization  defines  its  original  limits: 

All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  included  within  the  following 
limits,  namely :  Commencing  at  a  point  in  the  main  channel  of  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  where  the  forty-ninth  degree  of  north  latitude  crosses  the  same ;  thence  up 
the  main  channel  of  the  same  and  along  the  boundary  of  the  Statu  of  Minnesota  to 
Big  Stone  Lake;  thence  along  the  boundary  line  of  the  said  State  of  Minnesota  to 
the  Iowa  line;  thence  along  the  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Iowa  to  the  point  of 
intersection  between  the  Big  Sioux  and  Missouri  rivers ;  thence  up  the  Missouri 
River  and  along  the  boundary  lino  of  the  Territory  of  Nebraska  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Niobrara  or  Running  Water  River;  thence  following  up  the  same,  in  the  middle  of 
the  main  channel  thereof,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Keyapaha  or  Turtle  Hill  River;  thence 
up  said  river  to  the  forty-third  parallel  of  north  latitude;  thence  due  west  to  the 
present  boundary  of  the  Territory  of  Washington ;  thence  along  the  boundary  line 
of  Washington  Territory  to  the  forty-ninth  degree  of  north  latitude ;  thence  east 
along  said  forty-ninth  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the  place  of  beginning,  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby,  organized  into  a  temporary  government  by  the  name  of  the  Territory 
of  Dakota.     (Thirty-sixth  Congress,  second  session.) 

In  1863  the  Territory  of  Idaho  was  formed,  its  area  having  been 
taken  from  Washington,  Dakota,  and  Nebraska.  ( Vide  Idaho,  p.  134.) 
In  1882  a  small  area  was  transferred  to  Nebraska.  ( Vide  Nebraska, 
above.) 

In  1877  that  part  of  the  west  boundary  between  latitudes  43°  and 
45°  was  surveyed  and  marked,  under  the  General  Land  Office. 

On  November  2,  1889,  the  Territory  of  Dakota  was  divided  into 
Nortel  and  South  Dakota,  and  each  was  adcitted  as  a  State.  The  fol- 
lowiiig  extract  from  the  enabling  act  defines  the  boundary  between 
theso  States: 

The  area  comprising  the  Territory  of  Dakota  shall  *  '  "  be  divided  on  the 
line  of  the  seventh  standard  parallel  produced  due  west  to  the  western  boundary 
of  said  Territory. 


128 


BOUNDARIES    OF    THE    UNITED   STATES. 


[BULL.  171. 


The  boandary  line  between  the  two  States  was  surveyed  iu  1891-92, 
under  the  General  Land  Office. 


[•J    . 


OKLAHOMA. 

The  Territory  of  Oklahoma  was  organized  under  an  act  passed  May 
2, 1890,  from  the  western  part  of  the  Indian  Territory.  Its  limits  as 
originally  constituted  were  as  is  set  forth  in  the  following  act: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repreaenlatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  Sec.  1.  That  all  that  portion  of  the  United  States  now  known 
as  the  Indian  Territory,  except  no  much  of  the  Hanie  as  is  actually  occupied  by  the 
Five  Civilized  Tribes,  and  the  Indian  tribes  within  the  Qnapaw  Indian  Agency,  and 
except  the  unoccupied  part  of  the  Cherokee  Outlet,  together  with  that  portion  of  the 
United  States  known  as  the  Public  Land  Strip,  is  hereby  erected  into  a  temporary 
government  by  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Oklahoma.  The  portion  of  the  Indian 
Territory  included  in  said  Territory  of  Oklahoma  is  bounded  by  a  line  drawn  as  fol- 
lows: Commencing  at  a  point  where  the  ninety-eighth  meridian  crosses  the  Red 
River;  thence  by  said  meridian  to  the  point  where  it  crosses  the  Canadian  River; 
thence  along  said  river  to  the  west  line  of  the  Seminole  country ;  thence  along  said 
line  to  the  north  fork  of  the  Canadian  River;  thence  down  said  river  to  the  west  line 
of  the  Creek  country;  thence  along  said  line  to  the  northwest  oorner  of  the  Creek 
country;  thence  along  the  north  line  of  the  Creek  country  to  the  ninety-sixth  merid- 
ian; thence  northward  by  said  meridian  to  the  southern  boundary  line  of  Kski/ ."«; 
thence  west  along  said  line  to  the  Arkansas  River;  thence  down  said  river  t.>  hi' 
north  line  of  the  laud  occupied  by  the  Ponca  tribe  of  Indians,  £rom  which  point  the 
line  runs  so  as  to  include  all  the  lands  occupied  by  the  Ponca,  Tonkawa,  Otoe  and 
Missouria,  and  the  Pawnee  tribes  of  Indians  until  it  strikes  the  south  line  of  the 
Cherokee  Outlet,  which  it  follows  westward  to  the  east  line  of  the  State  of  Texas; 
thence  by  the  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Texas  to  the  point  of  beginning.  The 
Public  Land  Strip  which  is  included  in  Haid  Territory  of  Oklahoma  is  bounded  east 
by  the  one  hundredth  meridian,  south  by  Texas,  west  by  New  Mexico,  north  by  Col- 
orado and  Kansas.  Whenever  the  interest  of  the  Cherokee  Indians  in  the  land 
known  as  the  Cherokee  Outlet  shall  have  been  extinguished  and  the  President  shall 
make  proclamation  thereof,  said  outlet  shall  thereupon  and  without  further  legisla- 
tion become  a  part  of  the  Territory  of  Oklahoma.  Any  other  lands  within  the  Indian 
Territory  not  embraced  within  these  boundaries  shall  hereafter  become  a  part  of  the 
Territory  of  Oklahoma  whenever  the  Indian  nation  or  tribe  owning  such  lands  shall 
signify  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  legal  manner  its  assent  that  such 
lands  shall  so  become  a  part  of  said  Territory  of  Oklahoma,  and  the  President  shall 
thereupon  make  proclamation  to  that  effect. 

The  lands  embraced  within  the  limits  above  set  forth  comprised  the 
present  Territory  of  Oklahoma,  with  the  exception  of  an  :  (^a  jn  the 
north  known  as  the  Cherokee  Strip,  and  provision  was  made  for  its 
"'  iorporation,  without  additional  legislation,  within  the  Territory  when- 
ever the  Indian  title  to  it  should  be  extinguished.  This  was  done  and 
the  strip  was  added  to  the  Territory  by  proclamation  of  the  President, 
issued  in  September,  1893,  giving  Oklahoma  its  present  limits.  These 
differ  from  those  above  set  forth  only  in  a  part  ot  the  northern  bound- 
ary, which  now  corresponds  with  the  south  boundary  of  Kansas  from 
the  ninety-sixth  meridian  west. 


^v^-r-^-VK^rr^ii^S' 


Hiiii 


L.171. 

-92, 


U.   S,   GEOLOOICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171      PU  XUX 


May 

ts  as 


merica 

known 

l»y  the 

sy,  and 

I  of  the 

iporary 

Indian 

I  as  fol- 

be  Hed 

iRivor; 

>ng  said 

rest  line 

le  Creek 

1  merid- 

Kairs; 

ert>     .- 

loiut  ibe 

)toe  and 

le  of  the 

f  Texas; 
g.    The 
ded  east 
by  Col- 
tbe  land 
ent  shall 
legisla- 
te Indian 
t  of  the 
ds  shall 
at  such 
nt  shall 

aed  the 

jn  tbe 

for  its 

wlien- 

Ine  and 

^sideut, 
These 

Ibound- 
is  from 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF   NORTH   DAKOTA  AND  SOUTH   DAKOTA. 


COL.  K  A  N 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  OKLAHOMA. 


OANJ 


T 
of  I, 
intl 

Til, 
to  wii 
degre( 
tude  ; 
inters* 
due  80 
forty-f 
forty.fl 
intersei 
the  Koc 
thence  i 
with  th 
thirty-n 
sessions 
Jongitud 
degree  o 
into  a  t€ 
eighth  C, 

In  18^ 

J^akota 

act  to  at 

by  auy  J 

sought  t< 

ary  of  M 

shed,  tin 

referred  i 


That  all  t 
onth  nieridi 
''aid  Territo 
projtcr  some 
territory  of 

The  boil] 
j  section  of  t 
I  h'ue  betwee 
I  said  nieridi 
J  t>n  this  pars 
[meridian  to 
I  vratersljed, 
[thecontineii 
ho  its  intersi 
jtbirtyninth 
land  British  ] 
ll^eg-iuning. 


GANNETT.] 


Montana. 
Montana. 


129 


The  Territory  of  Mnnf 

-  *^e  following  ext^;eTt;'r  '""  ^^^-^^dbut    f^.^^^r- "" 
^  That  all  that  part  of  tL    .  ^^gaiiizing  act:  ^^"^'  '^^^  S^^^«" 

*«  wit;  Commencinli       *^"'*°^y  «f  the  irm^.  ^,  ,     . 

*"  le;  thence  due  west  o„  IZ  r  ?'''"^'*<>"  ^^ith  the  fort!  « m    ,        *^««t^-«eve„th 
mteraection  with  the  tlnrf    t     ''"'*y-'!'"'  degree  of  laf  T'       *^  *^'"«'"««  "^  north  lati 

Jorty-fonrth  defreHLuh  Jtt" •''  '^^^'^'^  °''  ^^  ^     det  r'"'^'"'''"^'*"";  th  nee 

.r,  ii'j .  ^  I'lic)  crest  ()i 


*'^-cen.;th;:;^'':;:!^j;-<^tinitsi;te;;::^r;^<^T'^;^"^ 

-;.th  the  thirty-„i„;;::4^;/;-t  of  sai.,  Bitter  I^^^ 

thirty-ninth  degree  nfZ       .       ^«n^''tiulo  west  from    ',''"'«  *"  ^ta  interseotio. 

--ions;  then.! e.s.^  ::,";  '"^«  "-"'--I  to  lleZlZlT'  ^''-^  ^lo^t^ 

longitude  west  fron  wl  "'^'  '""'  boundary  Ii„e  to  ?h  7  ""  "^  **•«  British  po. 
.^'ogreo  Of  longitude  to^:';."^*-'-  *^-co  s-ut  ^.td  a  o  "'"'•'■""^''*"  ^^^-'o'f 
'«to  a  temporary  gover,n  ^  T  "'  '^"einuing.  be  Td  f  ^'  '*''^  *^^«nty-sevonth 
e'^'^'th  CongressSre'S  "^  *"«  "-«  "^  "'^?->tX^M::t '''■"'^^■'  ^^^^ 
In  1873  Coi  Montana.     (Thirty- 

Dakota  rea.ai.'ST;,"'' f  w""  '^™"'"'°''  ""P'easion  tin. 

««'  ">  attach  if,  to  rXr^'T"?'  """  *'>^"ing  Mo   "1  T"'?  »' 
••y  auy  nossihilit,, ,     "t''"a-    As,  however  nn  «.,„?  "'"'"•ma,  passed  an 

™fer;e..  T'  """""»«  «""'a„a.  area,  '"t,::  1::::^^^tlCZ 
That .«  t„.CrZ  r,d'!:  T'"  '■""°""'  '"■  """••  ■'■«"""- 

s:t::f;trT/^'-^-^^"-™<<."-^^^^^^       »'  "••'  '■-'»- 

l«tersh°d  th»  '     '"  "'""■«  "'at  meridil!   hi ^ "!'""' ""'''yfourth 


130 


KOUNDAKIKS    <>F    TIIK    TNITKI)    STATKS. 


[RI-l.l..  171. 


Tlie  east  boundary  of  Montana  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  iSSf), 
and  the  south  boundary  in  1879-80,  und»'r  tlie  General  Land  Oftice. 
That  portion  of  tlie  west  boundary  between  the  crest  of  the  Bitterroot 
Mountaihs  and  the  Canada  line  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1898-90, 
under  the  United  States  (reoloj^ieal  Survey. 

Montana  was  admitted  as  a  State  on  November  8,  1889,  with  the 
above  boundaries. 

WYOMING. 

Wyoming  was  organized  as  a  Territory  on  July  25,  1808,  from  an 
area  previously  comprised  in  the  Territory  of  Idaho.  Its  limits,  which 
are  the  same  as  originally  constituted,  are  deflned  in  the  followini-- 
i'lause  from  the  act  creating  the  Territory: 

That  all  that  part  of  the  ITuited  States  descrihed  as  foUows:  Conunencing  at  llio 
intersection  of  the  twenty-seventh  meridian  of  longitndo  west  from  Wiishingtoii 
with  the  fortylilth  degree  of  north  hititudo,  and  rnnning  thence  west  to  tlie  thirty- 
fourth  meridian  of  west  longitude,  thence  south  to  the  forty-first  degree  of  nor(h 
latitude,  thence  east  to  the  twenty-seventh  meridian  of  west  longitude,  and  tlKiinn 
north  to  the  place  of  heginning,  he,  and  the  same;  is  luirehy,  organized  into  a  tempo- 
rary government  hy  tho  name  of  the  Terntory  of  Wyoming.  (Fortieth  Congress, 
second  session.) 

Wyoming  was  admitted  as  a  State  on  July  10, 1890,  with  the  above 
boundaries. 

The  south  and  west  boundaries  were  surveyed  and  marked  in  187;5, 
under  the  General  Land  Oflice. 


»i 


COLORADO. 

Colorado  was  organized  as  a  Territory  on  February  28,  1801,  with 
the  limits  which  it  has  at  present,  being  made  from  portions  of  Utah, 
New  Mexico,  Kansas,  and  Nebraska. 

On  August  1,  1870,  it  was  admitted  as  a  State. 

The  following  clause  from  the  enabling  act  gives  its  limits: 


AN  ACT  to  enable  tho  people  of  Colorado  to  form  »  <'ou»titiitioii  iiiid  State  government,  and  for  the 
a/dniission  of  snrh  State  into  tli(<  T'uion  on  an  equal  footiut;  with  the  original  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  said  Statt;  of  Colorado  shall  consist  of  all  the  territory  included 
within  the  following  Itoundaries,  to-wit :  Commencing  at  apoint  formed  hy  the  inter-  j 
k'oction  of  the  thirty-seventh  degree  of  north  latitude  with  tho  twenty-fifth  degree  of  j 
longitude  west  from  Washington  ;  ext«snding  thence  duo  w«'8t  along  said  thirty-sev- j 
enth  degree  of  north  latitude  to  a  point  formed  hy  its  intersection  with  the  thirty- j 
secoiul  degree  of  longitude  west  from  Waahington;  thence  due  TU)rth  along  siiidj 
thirty-second  degree  of  west  longitude  to  a  point  formed  hy  its  intersection  with  the! 
forty-first  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  due  east  along  siiid  forty-first  degree  o 
north  latitude  to  apoint  formed  hy  its  intersection  with  the  twenty-fifth  degree  dI^ 
longitude  west  from  Washington ;  thence  due  south  along  said  twenty-fifth  degree 
of  west  longitude.     (Thirty -eighth  Congress,  first  session.) 

The  south  boundary  of  Colorado  was  run  and  marked  in  1868  aiul 
1874,  and  the  west  boundary  in  1878-79.  The  latter  line  was  retrac(^(j 
and  re-marked  in  1885.     All  this  was  under  the  General  Land  Office. 


5*^iV^%^ 


[ni-i.i..  171. 

ill  iss"), 
1(1  Oflice, 
titterroot 

1898-90, 

with  tlu! 


from  an 
ts,  wliidi 
followiiii;- 

cing  iit  11  HI 
'ii8hiii;.;t(iii 
tli6  thirtv  - 
je  of  iiordi 

!lll(l  t]u;iir(i 

;o  a  toiupo- 

I  Congress, 

he  above 
I  ill  187;5, 


"•   *■   "OLOQICAU  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.   tn      PL.  L 


HISTORICAL   DIAGRAM   or 


^'EW  MEXICO. 


861,  with 
of  Utali, 


t,  and  for  the 
ttes. 

y  included 
y^the  iiit(fr- 1 
h  dogrceof  j 
thirty-8rv-| 
tlio  thirty- 1 
along  SMiill 
m  with  till' 
t  degree  of 
li  degree  o^ 
Iftli  degree 

1868  ailf 

retraci'(l 

Office. 


^^    0    N    A    j     N      M     E    X. 

HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  oT^ 


OAK 


orifi 

Vui 

was 

of  C 

to  iti 

Th 

origi 

Sbc 

L'nite* 

the  bo 

with  tl 

of  Haid 

with  8£ 

tilde  wi 

of  thirt 

mitof  t 

seventh 

with  th( 

the  plac 

ment  bj 

session.) 

The  I 

the  poir 

tude  wt 

'  ninniiig 

j  parallel 

the  Rio 

Grande  1 

United  S 

Ition  with 

[this  meri 

jthatparai 

The  wei 

lander  the 


Utah  wa 
Mexico  by 
pxtended  f 
fains,  and  j 
prea  was  re( 
fvide  p.  132 
ptension  ei 


OANNKrr.J 


N^'VV^    MKXIVO- 


-UTAH. 


181 


^KM-  MKXWo. 


of  CoJorado  Territory  in  mt       ?  ^"'"^^^^en  Pnreha.se     tLL         ■ 
to  its  present  limits     nvii  f"^^  «f  Arizona  i„  18«rml „'"'''"" 

on^inal  limits:  "'^  "'«  ^^^  creating  the  Territi/y  ^vl  ,,, 

tude  went  of  Oreenw^h     Z      ""  "'^'^  *^°  -«  '"H  Za  ^  'l  ''*'f''^'  *'--n  e.st 
of  thirfy-eighth  degree  'V  no  M  ,"'"■*'»  ^^'^^^  -<»'l  degree    f^      ?''  •''^''*'"  "^  ^»««i- 

seventh  parallel  of  north   at^rV""'^  ''''''  ^^e  crest .  f    .    "'^  '';'"'"''  *°  "'«  «'""- 

^•ith  the  boundary  ZTonl    -l"'  *^'°''  ^««*  ^'^1     ai     ,'';'';'''"''  *"  *'"'  ^hirf  v- 

theplaceofbeginLnr-bet^^^^^^^^^ 

™^"nt  l>y  the  nameof  the  tLJ^ '"'"'"  ^'«'-«»'y'<-recte7i   tot ^ 

session.)  '^«   ^^"^^^''.v  "f  New  Mexico      rTh  I    .    '"''"'''"■^^'*''"ver„- 

^,  ■     ^^^''*'"-"^«*  Congress,  tir«t 

ihe  present  boundaries  nf  ^      ,r 

the  point  Of  intersec  i^  of  H       ""  ^^^"'^^  ^^"-^  »«  Allows  •  B..-     • 
tude  west  «f  n^*^*^o"e  hundred -Mui  «i  .   ,  '^'^^  beginning  at 

this  meridian  tn  ?i    !u        meridian  of  longitude-  tu  '"tersec- 

f....b.o„^r.*;"c""'-  -  ""■  - —  I. ,,,, 

I^TAH. 


132 


HorNDAKIKH    OF   THK    UNITED   STATKS. 


[BULL.  171. 


The  followiiiiic '«  J"'  extract  from  the  act  creating  the  Territory. 

All  that  part  of  thu  territory  of  the  United  Htatcn  included  within  the  followinf; 
liniita,  to  wit:  Koiindoil  on  the  wout  by  the  State  of  California,  on  the  north  by  tlie 
Torritory  of  Om^oii,  and  on  the  <MiHt  Ity  tho  Hiimniit  uf  the  Rocky  Monntainii,  and  on 
the  Houth  by  the  tliirt,v-Hev*;iit]i  parallel  of  north  latitude,  be,  and  the  Hanio  is  hereby, 
created  into  a  temporary  government,  by  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

The  j)re8eiit  bomularies  of  Utah  are  as  follows:  Commencing  with  tlio 
intersection  of  the  forty-second  parallel  of  latitude  with  the  thirty-fourth 
meridian  of  longitude:  running  thence  south  on  this  meridian  to  the 
forty-first  parallel  of  latitude;  thence  east  on  this  parallel  to  the  thirty- 
setrond  meridian  of  longitude;  thence  south  on  this  meridian  to  its  in- 
tersection with  the  thirty-seventh  parallel  of  latitude;  thence  west  upon 
this  parallel  of  latitude  to  its  intersection  with  the  thirty-seventh  merid- 
ian of  longitude;  thence  north  on  this  meridian  to  its  intersection  with 
the  forty-seventh  parallel  of  latitude;  thence  east  on  the  forty-seventh 
parallel  of  latitude  to  the  point  of  beginning. 

Utah  was  admitted  as  a  State  on  January  4,  1896,  with  the  above 
boundaries. 

Its  north  boundary,  from  longitude  34°  to  37°,  was  surveyed  and 
marked  in  1871,  and  its  west  boundary  in  1870,  under  the  General 
Land  Office. 

ARIZONA. 

Arizona  was  organized  as  a  T*^rritory  on  February  24, 1863.  Its  area 
was  formerly  (comprised  in  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico.  In  1866  a 
portion  of  it  wai«  cut  off  and  given  to  the  State  of  Nevada.  { Vide  Nevada, 
below.)  The  folicw'ng  clause  from  the  act  creating  it  gives  its  limits 
as  originally  constituted : 

That  ..'1  that  part  of  the  present  Territory  of  New  Mexico  sit'iate  west  of  the  line 
running  due  south  from  the  point  where  the  southwest  corner  of  the  Territory  of 
Colorado  joins  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  to  the  southern 
boundary  line  of  said  Territory  of  Now  Mexico  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  erected 
into  a  temporary  government  by  the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona.  (For  limits 
of  the  piece  cut  off  and  added  to  Nevada,  see  that  State.) 

The  present  boundaries  of  Arizona  are  as  follows:  Beginning  at  the 
point  of  intersection  of  the  thirty-seventh  parallel  of  latitude  with  the 
thirty-second  meridian  of  longitude;  thence  south  along  this  meridian 
to  its  intersection  with  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States 
and  Mexico;  thence  with  this  boundary  to  the  Colorado  River;  thence  i 
up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Colorado  River  to  its  point  of  1 
intersection  with  the  thirty-seventh  meridian  of  longitude;  north  on 
this  meridian  to  its  intersection  with  the  thirty- seventh  parallel;  and] 
eastward  along  the  thirty-seventh  parallel  to  the  point  of  beginning. 

NEVADA. 

Nevada,  as  originally  constituted  on  March  2, 1861,  was  formed  fromj 
territory  taken  from  Utah.    Its  western  boundary  was  made  to  confori 
to  the  eastern  boundary  of  California  {vide  California,  p.  136);  its  nortU 


[BII.I,.  171. 


U.   1.  OtOLOOICAL  SURVEY 


orj. 

B  following 
»rth  by  tlie 
inn,  and  on 
« is  hereby, 

f  with  the 
'ty- fourth 
an  to  the 
ho  thirty- 
to  its  in- 
vest  upon 
ith  inerid- 
ition  with 
j^- seventh 

ihe  above 

eyed  and 
i  General 


•UUIT.NNO.   ,M     ^y 


"'«t.RAM  OF  ARIZON 


Its  area 

[n  1866  a 

e  Nevada, 

its  limits 

of  the  lino 
rerritory  of 
he  southern 
(by,  erected 

(For  limits 

ing  at  the 
)  with  the 

meridian 
ed  States 
(rj  thence  I 
i)s  point  of 

north  on! 
allel;  andj 
pnning. 


rmed  from| 
o  confon 
its  north-j 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  N 


EVA  DA. 


OAN 


c 

inoi 

tUit 
W'JIH 

by  t 

exte 

ent, 

In 

foJIo' 

with  t 
south 
tlio  no 
dividii 
the  Pa. 
uorth  1 
then CO 

The 
to  bou 

Skc.  '2 

within  1 

intorsoci 

Hjirty-8«) 

•'•'groe  o 

thenco  in 

"'■  Ciiliib 

"orth  iilo 

of  the  Sti 

east  alon^ 

intorsocti* 

">gton;  tl 

place  of  b 

Thefo] 

to  above ; 


That,  as 

all  that  teri 

State  of  No 

of  north  lat 

ington,  is  lit 

Skc.  2.  Ti 

that  extent  < 

on  the  thirt^^ 

tude  west  fn 

the  middle  oi 

to  the  ensteri 

boundary  of 

east  along  sai 

gresa,  first  sec 

Bull. 


OANVKTT.f 


NKVADA. 


to  boundaries :  '"■"  l«t,„„  „f  ,u.  euaWiug  act  relator 

tJ^enco  in  u  north  ^t,  V,' "-. -^«t-n  ..o„„„a,,,  M,,.'  ,;%«;";'  "'-'ty-Hovonth 

*"•  ti^o  State  or  c^uii^;.  • :  ;;x;:;:  "^•"'*  '»"^"^-'«  -u,^'  ;;;"«-•;  ^'^--o 

east  aloHL'  tbo  siiirl  f«.f  '"rty-second  dc-rioo  „f  „^„m    , ''V®'^  boundary  Jiuo 

Th   .  ^"^  ^''''  ""'""'"^  ""  '"'""''"•'-  "'•  t'"e  State  „f  K„     . 

east  along  said  <leirree  Vf  ,  *  .  ""^*J'-««^'«n"'  degree  of  north.^^!    f^  *'**"«  "^'^l 
greae,fir«1aea«i<;n.f'*^  '' ^ '**'*"''«  *°  *^«  l-'nt  of  begLriL;';     (^rty-n^th^T 

Bull.  171 11 


134 


BOUNDARIES    OF    THE    UNITED   STATES. 


[BULI,.17I. 


The  ])re8eiit  limits  of  Nevada  are  as  follows: 

The  east  boundary  is  the  thirty-seventh  meridian  of  longitude,  extend- 
ing from  the  forty-second  parallel  of  latitude  southward  to  its  inter- 
section with  the  middle  of  the  Colorado  Eiver;  tlunce  following  the 
mid-channel  of  the  Colorado  liiver  down  to  the  i)oiiit  where  it  intersects 
the  thirty-fifth  parallel  of  latitiule ;  the  southwest  boundary  is  the  arc 
of  a  great  circle  running  from  the  last-mentioned  point  and  the  point  of 
intersection  of  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  degree  of  longitude  west 
of  CJreeuwich  with  the  thirty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude ;  the  west  bound- 
ary is  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  degree  of  longitude  west  of 
Greenwich ;  the  north  boundary  is  the  forty-second  parallel  of  latitude. 

The  north  boundary  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1873,  and  the  west 
boundary,  from  latitude  42^^  south  to  Lake  Tahoe  and  thence  southeast 
to  Colorado  liiv^r,  in  latitude  35"^,  in  1872,  under  the  General  Land 
Oflice.  Between  1890  and  1899  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey,  under  an  ai)propriation  by  Congress,  ran  a  new  line  from  liuko 
Tahoe  to  Colorado  River,  diftering  widely  in  some  places  from  the 
former  line.  At  this  writing  this  line  has  not  yet  been  accepted  as  tlie 
boundary. 

IDAHO. 

The  Territory  of  Idaho  was  formed  March  3, 1803,  from  parts  of  Wash- 
ington, Dakota,  and  Nebraska.  Its  original  limits,  which  inclmlod, 
besides  the  present  territory,  all  of  Montana  and  Wyoming,  were  given 
as  follows  in  the  act  organizing  the  Territory: 

That  all  that  part  of  tho  territory  of  the  rnitod  States  iiicliuleil  within  the  follow- 
iug  liiuits,  to  wit:  beginning  at  a  jtoiiit  in  thi*  middlo  ch.innel  of  tho  Snake  River 
where  tho  northern  Itonndary  of  (Oregon  intersects  tho  san.o;  then  follow  down  said 
obannel  of  Snake  River  to  u  point  opposite  the  mouth  of  tlie  K'ooskooBkia,  or  Clear- 
water River;  thence  duo  north  to  the  forty -ninth  parallel  of  latitude;  thence  east 
along  said  iiarallel  to  the  twenty-seventh  dogroe  of  longitude  west  of  Washington ; 
thence  south  along  said  degree  of  longitude  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Colorado 
Territory ;  thenco  west  along  said  boundary  to  the  thirty-third  degree  of  longitude 
west  of  Washington;  thence  nortli  along  said  degree  io  the  forty-second  parallel  of 
latitude ;  thence  west  along  said  jtarallel  to  tho  eastern  boundary  of  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon ;  thence  north  along  said  boundary  to  the  place  of  beginning.  (Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  third  session.) 

From  this  were  formed  JNIontana  in  1801  [ride  Montana,  p.  129),  and 
Wyoming  {ride  Wyoming,  p.  130),  in  1868,  thereby  reducing  this  terri 
tory,  with  the  small  addition  made  in  1873  {vide  Montana,  j).  129),  to  its 
present  limits. 

The  present  boundary  line  of  Idaho  is  as  follows:  Beginning  at  the 
intersection  of  the  thirty-ninth  meridian  with  the  boundary  line  between 
the  United  States  and  the  British  Possessions,  it  follows  said  meridian 
south  until  it  reaches  the  sun  nit  of  the  Bitter  Boot  Mountains;  thence 
southepstward  along  the  crest  of  the  Bitter  Boot  range  and  the  couti 
iier.ial  divide  until  it  intersects  the  meridism  of  thirty-four  degrees  of 
longitude;  thence  southward  on  this  meridian  to  the  forty-second  parallel 


N 


iMlMNiiMMMii 


171. 


lid- 
ter- 
tlie 
Ejcts 
arc 
utof 
west 
uikI- 
st  of 
tiulc. 
Avest 

I I  east 
Tiaiid 
xletic 

Lake 

III  the 
as  the 


Wash- 
uludod, 
e  giveu 


L>  t'olloW- 

lio  River 

wn  saiil 

,r  Cloar- 

iiice  east 

lington  -, 

lolorado 

lirallel  ol' 
;o  of  Ore- 
•seveutU 


U.   8.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171      PL.   Lll 


HISTORIC/lL  DIAGRAM   OF   IDAHO, 


^9),  and 
is  teni 
}),  to  its 

at  the 
^etween 
ieridian 

thence 
le  conti 

rrees  of 

narallcl 


OAN 


i 


of 

wit 

on 

uii(i 

the 

Clei 

Bril 

begi 

() 
liinii 

Tl 

tliC 

longi 
logi(* 
of  O' 
mark 
the  J] 
the  G 


Ore, 

oiir  tit 

estahli 

this  re 

patioii, 

these  ^ 

forty-Ti: 

Thel 

t    the  f 

the  li(H 

as  folloi 

All  tha 
the  Rocki 
the  Torrit 
meut  l»y  t 

Tji  185 
Territory 
admitted 
below  in 

purjilIeloCi 
from  tilt,  ]i, 
within  tho 
niiddio  of  t 
the  middle  ( 
tho  widest,  i 
of Snake  Ki 


GANNETT.] 


mu 


IDAHO OREGON. 


135 


of  latitiule;  thence  west  on  this  i)aijillel  of  latitude  to  its  intersection 
with  a  meridian  drawn  throngh  the  mouth  of  the  Owyhee  lliver;  imrtli 
on  this  meridian  to  the  month  of  the  Owyhee  liiver;  thence  down  the 
mid-channel  of  the  Snake  liiver  to  the  mouth  of  the  Clearwater;  ami 
thence  nortli  on  the  meridian  which  passes  through  the  month  of  the 
Cle.arwater  to  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the 
British  Possessions;  and  oast  on  said  boundary  line  to  the  i)lace  of 
beginning. 

On  July  3,  ISOO,  Idaho  was  admitted  as  a  State,  with  the  above 
limits. 

The  west  boundary  of  Idaho,  Irom  the  mouth  of  Clearwater  lliver  to 
the  forty-ninth  parallel,  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1873-74.  The 
longitnde  of  this  line  has  been  determined  by  the  United  States  Geo- 
logical Survey  to  be  117*^  OL*'  34".  The  west  boundary,  from  the  mouth 
of  Owyhee  liiver  south  to  the  Nevada  boundary,  was  surveyed  and 
marked  in  1807.  Its  longitude  has  been  determined  as  117^01'  .">(»"  by 
the  United  States  Oeological  Survey.  Both  these  lines  were  run  under 
the  General  Land  Ollice. 

ORE(JON. 


Oregon  Territory  was  organized  August  14,  1S48.  The  grounds  of 
our  title  to  its  area  are  obscure.  In  treating  with  (ireat  Britain  for  the 
establishment  of  our  northern  boundary  west  of  the  IJocky  Mountains 
this  region  was  claimed  on  three  grounds — that  of  discovery  and  occu- 
pation, the  Louisiana  puichase,  and  cession  from  Spain.  On  whi<'h  of 
these  grounds  we  succeeded  in  having  the  b()un<lary  estublished  on  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  will  never  bo  ascertained,  and  is  ot  httle  moment. 

The  Territory  as  originally  established  extend*  Irom  the  forty-second 
t  the  forty- ninth  parallel,  and  from  the  I'acitii  <  »t'e;iii  to  thtrrestof 
the  llocky  Mountains,  with  boundaries  deiined  in  the  organizing  aot 
as  follows: 

All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  which  lies  west  of  thf  Niimmit  of 
the  Roclvy  Moniitains,  north  of  tho  forty-socoinl  (h-gree  of  north  latitnch',  known  as 
the  Territory  of  Oregon,  shall  be  organized  into  and  conistitnto  a  tcnipoiury  govern- 
ment Ity  tilt!  name  of  the  Territory  of  Oregon.     (Thirtieth  CongresH,  first  session.) 

In  1853  the  Territory  was  reduced  by  the  formation  of  Washington 
Territory  (rith;  Washington,  p.  13<»),  and  on  Febrnary  14,  18.j1>,  it  was 
adnutted  as  a  State  with  its  present  boundaries.  These  are  detine<l 
below  in  an  extract  from  the  State  constitution: 

Itoginningoue  marine  Icagno  at  sea  dne  west  from  the  point  where  the  forty-seeond 
parallel  of  north  latitude  intersects  the  same;  th(!iir;o  northerly,  at  the  same  distance 
from  the  line  of  the  coast  lying  west  and  opposite  the  State,  including  all  islands 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  to  a  point  due  west  and  opposite  the 
middle  of  the  north  ship  channel  of  the  Columhia  River;  thence  easterly  to  and  up 
the  middle  channel  of  Hai«l  river,  and  where  it  is  divided  hy  islands,  up  the  middle  of 
the  widest  channel  thereof,  and  in  like  manner  up  the  middle  of  the  main  channel 
of  Snake  River  to  the  month  of  th<>  Owyhee  River ;  thence  due  south  to  the  parallel 


136 


BOUNDARIKS    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


[B0LI,.171. 


of  latitiulu  forty-two  degrees  north  ;  thoiioo  west  alonjj  said  parallel  to  the  place  of 
beginning,  including  juriadictiou  in  civil  and  criminal  caHcu  upon  the  Coluniliia 
River  and  Snake  lliver  concurrently  with  States  and  Territories  of  which  those 
rivers  form  a  boundary  in  common  with  this  State.  But  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  in  i)roviding  for  the  adniission  of  tMs  State  into  the  Union,  may  make  the 
said  northern  boundary  conform  to  the  act  creating  the  Territory  of  Washington. 

The  boundary  line  between  Oregon  and  Washington  on  the  forty- 
sixth  i^arallel  of  latitude  was  surveyed  and  marked  in  1864,  under  the 
General  Land  Oillce. 

WASHINGTON. 

This  was  organized  March  2,  1853,  from  a  part  of  Oregon  Territory. 
Its  limits,  as  originally  constituted,  were  as  given  in  the  following  clause 
from  the  act  of  Congress  creating  it: 

That  from  and  aftt^r  the  passage  of  this  act  all  that  portion  of  Oregon  Territory 
lying  and  being  south  of  the  forty-ninth  degree  of  north  latitude,  and  north  of  the 
middle  of  the  main  chr-iintd  of  the  Columbia  River  from  its  mouth  to  where  the  forty- 
sixth  degree  of  north  latitude  crosses  said  river,  near  Fort  Walla  Walla,  thence  with 
said  forty-sixth  degree  of  latitude  to  the  sununit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  be  organ- 
ized into  and  constitute  a  temporary  government  by  the  name  of  the  Territory  of 
Washington.     (Thirty-second  Congress,  second  session.) 

In  1859,  on  the  formation  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  the  residue  of  the 
Territory  of  Oregon,  being  tlie  portion  lying  east  of  the  present  limits 
of  the  State,  extending  thence  to  the  crest  of  the  liocky  Mountains, 
was  added  to  Washington.  This  area,  with  the  part  of  Washington 
lying  east  of  its  present  Jiaiits,  was  included  in  Idaho  on  the  formation 
of  that  Territory  in  1803. 

The  present  boundaries  of  Washington  Territory  are  as  follows: 
Beginning  on  the  coast  at  the  mouth  of  tlie  Columbia  Itiver;  following 
up  the  main  channel  of  the  Columbia  liiver  to  its  point  of  intersection 
with  the  forty-sixth  i)arallel  of  latitude;  thence  east  on  the  forty-sixth 
parallel  to  the  Snake  Kiver;  thence  down  the  main  channel  of  the 
Snake  Kiver  to  the  mouth  of  the  Clearwater;  thence  north  on  the 
meridian  which  passes  through  the  mouth  of  the  Clearwater  to  the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  iwssessions; 
thence  west  with  that  boundary  line  to  the  Pacifi<\ 

Washington  was  admitted  as  a  State  .mi  i«ioyen>ber  11,  188!),  with  its 
limits  as  above  delined. 

CALIFORNIA. 

California  was  admitted  to  the  Union  on  September  9, 1850.     Its  area 
was  taken  from  territory  acquired  from  Mexico  by  the  treaty  of  (Inade 
lupe-IIidalgo.    Its  limits,  as  detiued  in  the  State  constitution,  are  as 
follows : 

('ommencing  at  the  point  of  intev8e<'tion  of  forty-8e<'Oiul  li  gree  of  north  latitude 
with  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  degree  of  longitu<le  west  from  Greenwich,  and 
running  B(»uth  on  the  line  of  said  one  hundred  and  twentieth  degree  of  west  longi- 
tude until  it  intersects  the  tblrty-uinth  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  running  in 


«aiii 


U.   8.   GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


BULLETIN  NO.    171       PL.    Llll 


H   I    N   G  T  0   N 
Reduction 


Oregon 


C      A       L. 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM  OF  OREGON 


litli  its 


Issirea 

lire  SIS 

ititmle 

pb,  uud 

longi- 

ling  iu 


N     M      0  I  N       T      A      N      A 


MING 


L.    !       NEVADA 


U^-^aCH    I . 


HISTORICAL  DIAGRAM    OF   WASHINGTQf,. 


astra 

inters 

Chan  II 

estabi 

bound 

thence 

coast t 

second 

liarbor 

The 

the  G( 


GANNBTT.] 


('ALIFORNIA. 


^toS  ir  Zal^r-'^  ^^-tio..  to  t,.e  ...  CoIora,o     .  ^  ^^ 

channel  of  said  river  to  L'^'"'  "'"  """''  ^«*'t"<l*';  ^  ..n  o^      '     .'  ^""'*  ^'""-^  '* 
established  by  tio    r„atv    ;"m"""-^'  ''""  »"^*-««"    b«     nito  M^'*^''  "'"^'"«  "'"  *''" 

thencernnningi  .1  "f,r  ''  ^'"''"'  '""^  extondin!  h  "^  .T*'''*  ""''  •■''""^'  said 
coast  to  the  Jty  seco, .  r**^'"'^'  '"'•''"*'""  «"<lf  >  ow  „:  .'"  *'"'«''  ^'^"g'i«''  '"iles; 
second  degree  of  r?        ''^''*"  *^'' ""'•^J'  iatit.,d.r^         '"'"'"^^ 


■Alalmrna 
liuiin 
boil  III 

boilIK 

boiiiK 

<<irnm 

Alaskii,  Ij 

Alaska  1)1, 

•Alexandci 

-Aluxandot 

Arizona,  f 

liistori 

Aikausas, 

'••rinatl 

liiHtori( 

-AHlihiirtoii 

Anlibiirtoii 

ton 

Baltimore,  1 

Barlow,  J.  1 

Uarr,  - — ,  j. 

Uartlctt,  J. 

Bock,  J.  j{., 

Bololior, . 

Berkeley,  Jo 
Berkeley,  Jf 

grant 
Black,  J.  S.,  r 
Bonaparte,  N. 
Brooke,  Lord, 
California,  adi 
boiindarie 
Calvert,  PliHi, 

report 

Canada,  maps  i 

United 

Carr,  Jiobert,  n 

Carteret,  Georj 

Carteret,   Geor 

firants  i 

Caitwright,  (Jo( 

Cherokee  India 

Choate,  Rufnn,  i 

Colorado,     forn 

boundar 

Connecticut,  bo 

•'bngettH 

boundary  be 

boundary  bei 

cessiou  to  G« 

grants  and  cl 


•aMHttiMMi*«WM«MMMlHi| 


iMn:x. 


I'ii);tv 

Alalmina,  MclmiMHiun  ol' 1 08 

Iiuiiiuliiry  iM'twci'ii  Florida  iinil I117-I08 

boundiiry  lietwocn  (icorijiii  and Kifi 

boundary  betwpon  Tcnni'sgco  and 108 

bniindaries  of KiH 

loniiatiim  of 31! 

A  laska,  boiindariuH  of 'J7-28 

Alaska  jiurcbase,  acToiint  of '_'7-'J8 

Alexander,  Hobert,  work  of 115 

Alexander,  W.  H.,  grant,  to 30 

Arl/.ona,  formation  and  boiindarieH  uf  ...  38, 132 

bistorieal  dia(;ram  of 132 

ArkanHiiH,  ImiindarieH  of 112-114 

fonnution  and  adniiNHion  of 3C,  113 

hiHtorieal  diugrain  of 112 

AHlibiirton,  Lord,  rofereneo  to 10,  18 

AHbbiirton  treaty.    .9«'e  AVeliHter-Asbbnr- 
ton  treaty. 

Bnlliniore,  Lord,  ;{rant  to 88 

Bnrlo w,  J .  W .,  rt^fei-enco  to 20 

Uarr, ,  reference  to 72 

Uartlett,  J.  It.,  roforenco  to 20 

Beck,  J.  B.,  reference  to 90 

Bolrlier, ,  reference  to 48 

Berkeley,  Jobn,  reference  to 77 

Berkeley,  Jobn,    and  Carteret,   (ieorge, 

grant  to 82 

Black.  J.  S.,  reference  to 90 

Bonaparte,  N.,  Hule  of  LouiHianu  by 22 

Brooke,  Lord,  refereneo  to 71 

(.'alifornln,  admission  of 37, 136 

bonndaries  of 130-137 

Calvert,  Pliilip,  and  Scarl)rngb,  Kdninnd. 

report  of 89 

Canada,  maps  sbowing  boundary  between 

United  States  and 14,10,18,20 

Carr,  Robert,  reference  to 72 

Carteret,  George,  reference  to 77 

Carteret,   George,   and     Berkeley,  Jolin, 

grants  to 82 

Cttrtwrigbt,  George,  reference  to 72 

(Jberokeo  Indians,  treaty  witb 113 

Choato,  RnfHH,  referen<!e  to ,54 

Colorado,     formation,     admission,      and 

boundaries  of 38,130 

Connecticut,  boundary  between   Massa 

ebnaetts  and 64-68 

boundary  between  New  York  and  —  72-75 

boundary  between  Rhode  Island  and .  70  71 

cession  to  General  Goveniment  by . . .  32 

grants  and  ctaaTters  in 71-72 


I'uifn, 
('onnei'ticut,  map  showing  boundary  lie 

tween  Massaclmsetlrt  and 01 

map  showing  Ixiiinilary  between  New 

York  and  74 

map     sliowing      boundary    between 

HIu)de  Island  and 70 

(Jrozat,  .Vntoine  de,  grant  to 21 

Dakota,  formation  of 37.  127 

Delaware,  boundary  between  New  Jer.tcy 

and 83-81 

boundary  between  I't-nnsylvania  and.  8.'i 

grant.s  and  settlement.s  in 80-87 

north  and  west  boundaries  of 87-88 

District  of  Columbia,  acts  concerning 91-94 

Dixon,   Charles,    and  Mason,    Jeremiah, 

work  of 8.'.-86 

Duane,  James,  reference  to 31 

Ellicott.  Andrew,  work  of 81 

Emory,  \V.  H.,  reference  to 26 

England.     .Vrc  Great  liritain. 

Fairfax  stone,  location  of 00 

Floid,  William,  reference  to 31 

Floriila,  admission  of 105,106 

Florida,  boundary  Iwtween  Alabama  and.  107-108 

boundary  between  Georgia  and 105-100 

cession  of lo7 

Florida  purchase,  acxouut  of 23-24 

( iadsden  purchase,  account  of 20-27 

Gaillard,  I).  !>.,  reference  to 20 

Georgia,  boundary  liet  ween  AIal)anutand.  100 

lioundary  between  Florida  and 105-100 

boundary    lietween     South    (,'arolina 

and 102-103 

boundary  l)etween  Tennessee  and 105 

boundaries  of 104 

cession  to  General  Government  by.  33, 104 

grants  and  duirters  in 103 

historical  diagram  of 104 

Glient,  treaty  of,  provisions  of 13-17 

Gorges,  F.,  grant  to 39 

Gorges,  F.,  and  Mason,  J.,  grant  to 39 

Gould, ,  reference  to 72 

Great  Britain,  treaties  with....  11,12,13-17,18-21 

Grahani,  AV.  A.,  reference  to QO 

Graham, ,  work  i;f 85,80 

Guadalnpe-Uidalgo,  provisions  of  treaty 

of 25-2« 

Guam,  acquisition  of 2» 

Hawaii,  acquisition  of 29 

Ilazen,  R.,  work  of 48 

Idaho,  admission  of 135 

139 


140 


INDKX. 


I 'ago. 

Iiliilio,  Ixinniliirii'H  or l.'U-l.'l.') 

loniiatioii  of ;iH,  r.'7, 1.'I4 

liiMturiial  iliiiKrani  of ]'M 

Illinois,  iiilniiHHiiiri  of STi,  111) 

riiniiutiiin  anil  liniiiiilaricH  ol' Ill) 

liJHtiirical  tliai^rani  of MX 

Jiiiliarin.  udiiiiNHinii  of :ir>,  IIH 

III  III  Hilar  icM  nf UH 

fiiniiatiiin  of ;i4-3r.,  117  UH 

lilMloriial  ilia^raiii  iif 118 

Iowa.  adiiilxHiim  of   123 

Itoiinilarii'H  of 123-124 

fiirinutliiii  of 123 

lilatnrical  diagraiii  uf 124 

.k-tUiri^oii,  T.,  piircliaMK  of  I.imUiana  by. . .  22 

•li'iikiiiM,  C  A.,  rufcronri'  lo 00 

•liiliiiMton.iT.  K„  work  of 12.') 

KanHaN,  ailinlHsiun  anil  boiiliilariuH  of ....  124 

fiiriiiatioii  of 37, 124 

liixtoriral  iliaKraiii  of 126 

Ki'lilurk.N  .iMMliTii  boiiiiilarj- of IH!-1)7 

TMa]i.t    uliiiwinn     lioiinilary     between 

TrnniiHHfii  and 114 

ma|is    sbowint;     boiinilary     bctwuon 

Vir({iula  ami 0(1 

Leo,  Caiilalii,  work  of 12.'i 

Lonilon.  tri'aty  of,  inovJHionH  of 12 

Loiii.tiana.  ailiiiLsHiini  of 30,  110 

lilMloriral  ilia^iraiii  of llo 

original  boiiiiiliiritvs  nf 110-111 

Louisiana  |iiiirlia8r.  ai  count  of 21-23 

Slatis  foTiin'il  from 36-38 

M(:l)ou),'alI. .  refiTemo  to. 31 

Mrliitirc.  U.,  ri'ftTfiK'o  to 44 

!Mainf.  ailinisMiun  of 41 

boiinilary   botwi'on   Now   llainpHliiri' 

anil 41-46 

I'liarterH  anil  grants  in 3X  40 

iiortlioaHt  bciumlary  of 18-21 

map  Hliowinn  boiinilury  lii'twcen  (!aii- 

aila  anil 20 

map  Hliowin^  boiinilary  bet  wimmi  New 

IIanip»bln' ami  20 

map    nIiow  in<;    Itrillsli     anil    Tnili'il 

Stalt'H  rl.iims  in IH 

Marbois.  li.,  1  oforoni'i'  to 2:i 

Alary  lanil.  grant  in 88 

biinmlary  bolwi'i'U  rrniiMvlvniiia  anil.  S5  80 

boiinilary  lii'twi  I'll  Virginia  ami 8!t-!M 

Mason,  JoriMiiiali,   ami    Dixon.    Cliarlos. 

work  of «!>  80 

Mason,  >I oil n,  grant  to 46  47 

Ma.son.,l.,aml  (lorgos  P.,  grant  tu 39 

MaHon,  U.,  grant  to 47 

MuHaa('bus('tt,<*,  boiinilary   between    Con- 

lu'ctiriit  anil 64-6H 

boiinilary   between    New   Ilanip      re 

anil 47-40 

boiinilary  bet  ween  New  Vork  ami  ...  08-70 

iHiimilary  between  Kliude  iHlaniland.  54-04 

ee.iHJon  to  lieneral  (to\  ernment  by...  31-32 

grants  ami  I'barters  iu 53-54 

map  Allowing  boundary  beiweun  Con- 
necticut mill 04 


rage. 
MaMHiieliuBettH,   uia|i  Kliowing  boundary 

bet  weon  Uliodo  iHlaud  ami fiH 

map  Hliowing  nortli  biuimlary  of 48 

Maverick,  Samuel,  referenee  lo 72 

MexicaiireHAiooa,  aeeoiiiit  of 2,'i  27 

Mii'liigan,  ndiniHHion  of 12ii 

boiindarieH  of 1 10  I'.'o 

formation  and  iidniiHsion  of 35. 11!) 

liUtorical  diagram  of 120 

mapx    Hliowing     boundary     between 

(.'uiuida  and Ki 

Miililer,  N.,  work  of 00 

Minneftota.  boiindarioH  nf I24-I2.'i 

format  ion  and  adniihHioii  of 24 

blHtoricul  diagram  of 121 

MisHiMHippI,  ailnilHHion  of 100 

boundary  between  TeunegHee  and  . .  lOO-l  lo 

formation  of 30 

liiHtorieal  diagram  of In  I 

original  boiindarieH  of lOK  lnO 

Mixsonri,  admisHion  of I'J'J 

boundaries  of 122-12:! 

formation  of 30 

liiMtorii-al  diagram  of 122 

.Miteliel,  (1.,  workof. 48 

Montana,  admlMsion  of 130 

lioundarieH  of 129  l.'io 

formation  of 3-*.  120 

MontH,Sioiir  do,  grant  to 38 

Miminaii,  A.  T.,  refnrenro  to 20 

Munsell,  l.iike,  work  of ll.'i 

Nebraska.  boiindarieH  of 120  127 

formation  and  adniiasioii  of :i7, 12U 

liistorieal  diagram  of 120 

NetlierlandH,  arbitration  by  tlie  King  of  .  17  18 

Nevada,  boundaries  of 133-131 

formation  and  admisHion  of 37,132-133 

liiHtorieal  diagram  of 132 

New     llampsliire,     boundary      Iwitwcen 

iMaiiieand .* 41-4(1 

iHiundarv  bet  ween  MaHHaeliiihettHand  47-40 

boiimlaiy  between  Vernioiit  and CU 

boundary  eontroversy    between   New 

Vork  ami 40-5(1 

grants  and  cliartei-fl  in 46-47 

map     Hliowing     boundary     between 

Maine,  ( 'anada,  and 2ii 

nortliern  boundary  of fiu 

New  JerBey,  boundary  between  Delaware 

and 8:i-84 

boundary  between  New  York  and.. .  7H-WI 

boundary  between  rennsjlvaniaand  M 

grants  in 82-8:; 

map  Hliowing  nnrtbeant  boundary  of.  8i* 
New  Mexieo,  admiHHion  and  boiindarieH 

of 131 

formation  of 37,  l:il 

liistorical  d  iitgrani  of 1  :!i ' 

New  York,  boundary  between  Conneeti- 

eiit  and 72  7' 

boundary  betwe«)ii  MaHHurliiisctts  and  68  ''< 

boundary  between  New  Jersey  and. .  78-hii 

boundary  between  Peiinsylvuniaand.  80-8- 

iMiiindary  l>etween  Vermout  uud ."VS-.' : 


MtettMHMMMMiM 


INDKX. 


141 


M 

72 
25--" 

12« 
19-1  JO 
35.1l» 

I'JO 

10 
1)0 
124  I'-S 
24 
121 
lU'.) 
10!(-1U> 
•.It! 
lot 
.    108  109 
122 
122-12;i 

a« 

122 

i:\o 
..  129  i;m 

3S,  129 

■M 

...       ••;" 

...  120  127 

..   '.n.riu 

120 
•'.      17 -1« 

..  i3;i-i;ii 

37, 132-133 
132 


IiikI 


41-4(5 

47-4il 
50 

4'.t-rio 

40-47 


fill 
|ar«> 

78-W> 

82-K'. 
;.f.  8" 

131 

[...  ;i7,i;ti 
''.1" 

. . .       '- 
luul      68  '" 

la..    78  H' 

Inil.      8»  "- 
.      52-'' ' 


Page. 

New    Ytiik.    liimiHliirv    I'ontrnvcrHy   ln' 

tu'i'cii  Nuw  llaiiiimhlrx  mill 49-50 

coasioii  to(ieiit<ral  <i(>v«triiiiient  liy...  31 

rliiinui'M  ill  t<xti'iil  <>r 77 

Kraiitrt  mill  I'liiiilei'N  111    70  77 

liiMtuririil  iliiiuraiii  of 71) 

nia|i     »liowiiit{      liiiiiiiiliirv     IkiI.wim'ii 

(y'ltiiuilii  anil 14 

map  Hliowiiiu  iMiiiiiilHry  livtwuuii  C'uii 

licet  iriit  anil 74 

iiiup  Hluiwiiiu  lioiiniltii'.v  lictwceii  Ver- 

IllUllt  HMll 52 

niu|i  hIiiiwIii);  ufHlcrn  anil  HuutliiTn 

Itimiiilary  of 82 

Nii'liolx,  Hirliaril,  rrriMciici'  tii 72 

Nurtli  Carolina.  Iiiuinilary  lirlwrcn  'IVti 

ni'HHi'O  and 101-102 

boiiDilary  bt>t\viM'ii  Vir^iinia  anil 97 

cosHiiin  loCriirral  (jovi'iiinii'iit  liy..   :!2  33,09 

(•ranlM  anil  rlinitoiHin 98-99 

map  HlidwinK  lioiinilaiy  liotwi>eii  Vir- 

Kinin,  Tonni'SHei'.  anil 98 

iiiapH  HliiivvinK  lioiiinlary  liot  wtii'U  Ton- 

ui*HH*-i'  anil loii 

north  and  Hoiitli  lioiinilarlfH  of |II0-1U1 

North  Dakota,  furniatiiin,  ailiiilH8ion,anil 

liniinilary  of 127 

historical  ilia};rain  of 128 

NorthwcBl  Territory,  area  of,  anil  .Staton 

fornicil  from 33-3."> 

Ohio.  ailniiHKioiiof lit) 

hoiimlarics  of   ..  110-117 

historical  iliattrHiu  of 112 

Ohio  Uivcr,  extvut  of  States  fornicil  from 

territory  south  of 3,')-3ti 

territory  northwest  of.    .Sec  North- 
west Territory. 

Oklahoma,  formation  ami  himmlaries  of. .  128 

historical  diagram  of 130 

Oregon,  houndaricsof 135-i:!fl 

formation  and  admiHsioii  of .37,135 

historical  diagram  of 136 

Orleans,  boiindaricH  of  territory  of 110 

I'enn,  William,  grant  to 84, 80 

purchaso  of  Delaware  by 77 

Pennsylvania,  boundary  between    Dela- 
ware and 85 

boundary  between  Maryland  and 85-80 

boundary  between  New  .lersey  and . .  84 

bouni.ary  between  New  York  and 80-82 

boundary  between  Virginia  and »      86 

grants  and  charters  in 84-85 

IMiilippioe  Islands,  aciiuisition  of 20 

riymouth  Company,  land  granted  to 39 

l'o|ihani,  (i.,  colony  planted  by 39 

Porto  Rico,  acqniuition  of 29 

Providence    Plantations,    extract    from 

charter  of 70 

Public  domain,  history  of 30-38 

Rbotle  Island,  boundary  between  Connec- 
ticut and 70-71 

boundary  lietwcon  Massachusetts  and  54-04 

grants  and  charters  in 70 

map    showing     boundary     between 

Connecticut  and *0 


I'aun. 


58 
27 
65 
71 
71 

89 
72 


32 

127 
128 
I  ■.'.23  24 
48 
39 

:m 

1(18 

III.') 

110 


KImhIi     Ishiliil.    map    Nhnwing    biiiimlary 

lietwrrn  MaH.sai'hiisettHanil.   

KiiHsIa,  priivisioiiH  of  treaty  with 

Sail  ley,  S..  refi-rilice  to 

Saltnnstall,  liiihard,  reference  to 

Say  and  .SmI,  I.onl,  reference  to 

.Scarbrii;;li.  KiIiiiiiimI.  and  Calverl,  I'hilip, 

report  iif 

.Selleik,  .  I'iference  to 

South      Cariilina.       boundary      betwii  n 

Ueor;:ia  and 102-103 

ccs.siiui  lo  I  iencral  ( iovornmeiit  by . . . 
South  DaUola,  riiriiiatinn,  admisHion,  ami 

lioiinilaiy  of 

liiHtiiriial  iliam'am  of 

Spain,  treaties  \\  illi  (1708) 

Spriiule,  (i.,  work  nf 

.Sterling,  Marl  nf,  grant  lo 

Tennessee,  ailmissiini  of 

Iiiiiinilarv  hrtwceii  .Mabaiiia  and 

liiiiimlary  lietwccii  (icoigia  and 

Itiiiinilary  between  Mississippi  and         101 
liiiiimlaiy    lictween     North    (.'aroliiiit 

and  lol   102 

biMinilary  betwiH'ii  Virginia  and 97 

biiiinilarii's  of 1I5 

iiiup showing  boundary  between  Ken 

tiicky  and 114 

map     showing     bmindary     between 

Niirlh  Carnlimi  anil iuo 

map  showing  liuiindary  lietww^n  Vir 

giiiia.  North  (Jariiliua,  and 98 

Texas,  adiuissiun  of 37 

aiiiiexatiiiii  of a4 

boundaries  of 111112 

historiial  diagram  of UU 

siiuthern  liimndary  of 25 

United  States,  additions  to  territory  of. . .       21-29 

boiindarit's  of 11-21 

map  showing  accessionsof  territory  .  22 
map  showing  boundary  between  Can- 
ada nml  14.10,18,20 

Ushur,  J.,  grant  to 40 

Utah,  boundaries  and  admission  of 132 

formation  of ,'17,  131 

historii.'al  diagram  of 130 

Vermont,  adnii.sHiiin  of 51-52 

boundary  between   New   Ilampshiie 

and ."iD 

boiinilary  between  New  York  and  .'i2-53 

grants  in ."il 

map  showing  boundary  between  New 

York  and Wi 

Virginia,   boundary   between    Kentucky 

and 90-97 

boundary  bet  waon  Maryland  and  —  89-91 

boundary  between  PeniiMylvania  and  80 

cession  by 97 

grants  and  charters  in 91 -00 

historical  diagram  of 70 

map  showing  boundary  between  Ken- 
tucky and 90 

map  showing  boundary  between  Ten- 
nessee, North  Carolina,  aud M 


142 


INDKX. 


VIi'kIiiIii,   iiinpH    Hhiiwiii);    liininilary    liu 

lui'i'ii  Wimi  Vii'uiiiiu  and itl 

Hoiithtirii  lioiiiiiliiry  of 117,  liiu 

Warwick,  Eiirl  of.  nilfrrnn' Id    71 

WuMliiiiKliiti,  Ot'orKi'.  prot'latnation  l>>' u:i 

WaHliiiititiiii,  1  "i^nilurieH  anil  ailniiHHioniif  |:mi 

f<irniatiiiiiiif :i7,  I3tl 

liiHliiriiiil  iliiiKraiii  ()f i:iU 

WtiliHlnr.  l>iiiii«'l,  lofcrcnco  t<» f>4 

WflwtiT  AHlil>iitt(iri  Intiity,  iiroviHiiinMuf.  20-21 

Wciilwoftli,  II.,  lotlurliy 4!t 

Wont  Vircinia,  Ixiiiniliiry  lirlwci-n  Ki'ii- 

tiK'ky  and !Ml-'.i7 


WiHl  Virginia,  furniatloii  of It7.1l>i 

iiiii|>M  HliiiwiiiK  liiiiiuiliiry  bctwren  Vir- 

Kin  la  anil lu 

Hoiilli  anil  we.Hi  lionnilarii'M  of Dm 

Willliiins.  Kuu'iT.  Hi>llli-ni«nt  liy 7ii 

WiHcotiHiii.  liiiunilarii'H  of I'JU,  I'.M 

fiirniulliMi  anil  ailniiHMion  of :i&,  I'JU  I'.'l 

liiRtoi  iral  iliu;;rain  of IJii 

Wooilwnril.  N..  ri'feri'nco  to....  fi.'i 

Wyouiin)!.     foiiniktiiiii,    ailiuiasiim,    ami 

liiiiinilariri*  of i:iii 

Vork,  Duki' of,  ^l'uulH  tu 40 


o 


'I'lln  HI 
fnlliiwill 
"Till, 
wnil  fii'on 
mill  won 
ttliall  aiT 

III"  HUill  .s 

"iMf  In  oi 
"Mil  for  Ml 
xliall  Im>  t 
nir.iicvrot 
St.iU.s." 
Kxcept 
to  the  Kill 
ollii-o  huH 


1.    I'ilKt. 

I  map A 

11-  Hm'nu 

H".  Iv  r,HH 
ni.  T;,ir, 

«"•  ^■.•.  ..,  ,1 

IV.  liouv\ 
8°.    xmii,  4 

V.  Fifth  . 
8°-    xxxvi,  < 

VI.  !Six(i, 
8°.    xxix,  57 

VII.  Sovi.i 
8^    XX,  fl,lfij 

VIII.  Ki^ri, 
8^.    2pf.    xi 

IX.  Ninth 
8°.    xiii,  717i 

X.  IVnth  A 
8°.    2pt.    XV 

XI.  Elorimt 
8°-    :.'pt.    XV, 

XH.  Tw.'lfi 
8°.    -'pt.    xiii 

XIII.  Thirt. 
1893.    8".    3p 

XIV.  p'oiirli 
1803.    8°.    2pt 

XV.  Fift<.en 
1805.    8°.    xiv, 

XVI.  Sixteci 
Walcott,  Direct 
maps;  XV,  646  p 


i*M 


40 


yv  I )  V  h;  h  t  i  h  i<:  im  h:  iv  t  , 

lllilllotiii  ITI.I 


'I'lm  KtiiliitK  api  roviil  Miiirli  ;i.  IHTO.  «HtiililiHliliiK  tin-  fiill<'<l  SIiiI«>h  (ii>(ilii|;ii'ii.  Siiivc.v.  ■oiiiHiiiN  tli« 
folli>wiii;j  priiviulini'.; 

' ' 'riii>  pittil ii'ikl iniiH of  t  lin  ( iiMiloxii'iil  Snrvoy  slmlt  ronnlHt  nT  tlio  hiiiiiiiiI  ri>|Hirl  iil'o|i«ral ionn,  K<'*>l<>Ki<'ul 
0111I  ri'oniiiiiif  iiiapH  illiiHtriitiiig  tlin  ri-Hiinrt'OH  niiil  clnHsilli  mIIum  nt'  tlii>  laiiilx.  iiixl  ri'|MirtH  iipori  k<'ii*'I'>i1 
ami  iM'oniiniii',  ;;p<ilii);y  anil  palroiitolngy.  Tlir  iiiiiiiial  report  nt' i>|M'riitioiiH  nf  tlio  (■••ol<if;ii'iil  Siirvt^y 
HJiull  iU!i'oiiipaiiy  IliK  iiniiniil  rrport  of  tlio  Scrrrtary  iiC  tlix  IiitiM'inr.  All  Hpcriiil  iiii'Miiiirs  ami  ri'portH 
of  Huid  Siirvry  xliall  lio  iHsiii'il  in  iiniroriii  ipiarto  »crii'.H  iriliTinril  lu'coHsaiy  liy  llii>  Pircctor,  l>iil  otloT- 
wine  ill  ordinary  oi'lavo«.  'I'lirco  tliniiHiiMil  cKpicn  ol' i-arli  tliall  l>i<  puIiIIhIii-iI  fur  Hciriitillr  4>xrliitiii;fn 
iiihI  lor  Hale  at  llii-  priirof  piililicatinii ;  ami  all  literary  anil  rarlo^rapliic  materials  rereiveil  in  exrlianijo 
hIuiII  lie  the  pro|H'rty  of  the  Fniteil  Slitter  ami  fonii  a  part  of  the  lilirury  of  the  ornanlzation  ;  ami  tho 
liK'iicvreHiiltiiin  from  the  Hale  of  Hiirh  piililieatioiiH  ithall  he  nivereil  into  the  TreaHiiry  of  the  I'nited 
StlteH." 

Kxorpt  in  llnme  ^ase^4  in  whirh  an  extra  iiuiiilier  of  any  hpecial  iiienioir  or  report  Iuih  lieen  xiippliml 
totho  Survey  hy  resolution  of  ConKrexs  or  lian  heeii  orilureil  liy  tho  Secrutary  of  the  Int«riur,  this 
olllco  huH  110  copiuM  for  KrutiiituuH  tlixtrihution. 

ANNUAL  KKI'OUTS. 


I.  FiiHt  Annual  lJep<irt  of  the  ITnitei!  Stall*)*  (leolojfii'al  Survey, hy  ('htretire  Kiiii;.  IMhii.  s\  7!)  pp. 
1  map.— A  preliminary  re|Mirl  ileserihin);  |ilaii  of  ori;ani7.ation  anil  |iiililiratiiins. 

II.  Seioiiil  Annual  Kepiirt  of  the  Tniteil  States  (Jeohifjical  Survey,  18S0-  HI,  li\  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  1882. 
8  \    \\    TiSH  pp.     (VJ  pi.     1  map. 

TH.  lliiril  Anniii'l  Ueitorltif  the  I'niteil  StatoM  (leohiKieal  Survey,  1«K|-HJ,  hy  .1.  W.  I'owell.  188.!. 
8".       ■.  .1,  r>tU  p]i.    07  pi.  ami  maps. 

IV.  fourth  Annual  lieimrt  of  the  I'niteil  StateH  (i-olouieal  Survey,  188l>-'K:i,  hy  .1.  W.  I'owell.  1884. 
8°.    xxxii,  47;i  pp.    H'l  pi.  anil  ma|m. 

V.  Fifth  Annual  Ueport  of  the  Uniteil  Slates  (JeohiKieal  Survey,  1H8;1-HI,  hy  ,1 .  \Y.  I'owell.  1885. 
8^.    xxxvi,  4l'iD  ]ip.    .'18  pi.  anil  maps. 

VI.  Sixth  Annual  IJeport  of  the  I'niteil  States  (liMihiKlcal  Survey,  1884-'8.\  hy  .1.  \V.  I'liwell.  188.'). 
8°.    xxix,  !)7(i  jip.    IV>  pi.  ami  majis. 

VII.  Seventh  Annual  Kiport  of  tho  Uniteil  Statett  GeoloKical  Survey,  1K8.V80,  hy  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  1888. 
8''.    XX,  Orifi  pp.    71  |il.aml  maps. 

VIII.  Ki);hth  .Vnniial  Report  of  the  I'niteil  States  (r)Milo)(ii'al  Survey,  18fitl-'87,  hy  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  1889. 
8^.    2pt.    xix,  474,  xii  pp.    5:i  pi.  ami  maps;  1  p.l.,  47.'i-l(MJ.'t  ji)!.    .'i4  7)1  pi.  ami  maps. 

IX.  Ninth  Annual  Report  of  tho  Uuiteil  States  (JeoloRieal  Survey,  1887-88,  hy  J.  W.  Powell.  1880. 
8°.    xiii,  717  pp.    88  pi.  ami  maps. 

X.  Tenth  Annual  Report  of  the  ITnltoil  States  (IcoloKical  Survey,  1888-'8U,  hy  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  1890. 
8°.    2  i>t.    XV,  774  pp.,  08  pi.  ami  maps;  viii,  123  pp. 

XI.  Eleventh. Vnniial  Re|H)rtof  the  United  States  (ieoloRical  Survey,  188D-'00,  hy  .1.  W.  Towell.  1801. 
8°.    2  pt.    XV,  7.'>7  |ip.,  0<l  pi.  ami  maps;  ix,  351  pp.,  30  pi. 

XII.  Twelfth  .Vnniial  Report  of  llie  United  States  Oi-ological  Survey,  1890-'01.  hy.I.  \V.  I'owell.  1891. 
8°.    2  pt.    Xiii,  075  pp.,  53  pi.  and  maps;  xviii,  576  pp.,  14(1  id.  and  maps. 

XIII.  Thirteenth  Annual  KejMirt  of  tho  United  States  (Seologiial  Survey,  1801-02,  hy  J.  AV.  Towell. 
1893.    8".    3  pt.    vil,  210  pp.,  2  maps;  x,  372  pp.,  105  pi.  and  maps;  xi,  486  pp.,  77  pi.  and  maps. 

XIV.  Fourteenth  Annual  Keporl  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  1892  '93,  hy  J.  W.Powell. 
1893.    8°.    2  pt.    vi,321  pp..  1  pi.;  xx,  507  pp.,  74  pi. 

XV.  Fifteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Uniteil  States  Geological  Survey,  1893-94,  hy  J.  W.  Powell. 
1805.    8°.    xlv,  755  pp.    48  pi. 

XVI.  Sixteenth  Annual  lieport  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  1894-'05,  hy  Charles  D. 
■Walcott,  Director.  1895.  (Part  1, 1896.)  8^.  4  pt  xxii,  91Upp.,  117  pi.  and  maps;  xix,598  pp.,4'i  pl.and 
maps;  XV,  646  pp.,  23  pl.j  xix,  735  pp.,  6  pi. 


II 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


XVII.  Sovi'iiti'fiitli  Aiiiiiiiil  K*-|)ort  iil'  tim  rnitetl  StntoB  (iwdogicnl  Siirvi-y.  ISOri-'Oti,  Cliarltm  I). 
Wiilciitl.  Dii'fctor.  I8'.i(>.  8.  .'I  pi.  in  4  vol.  xxii,  1070  pp.,  07  pi,  and  ina|m{  xxv, 861  |i|>.,  113  pi.  aD<l 
iiiiips;  wiii,  ."i42  pp  ,  Spl.  mill  iiiiipn;  lii,  .MiJ-Kirirt  pp.,  !)-i:i  pi. 

XVIII.  I'Mgliti'i'iilli  .\iiiimil  l:<'pi)i't;  (if  tlio  I'liitcd  StiiluH  (ioiiliigiciil  Surv*<y,  1806-'97,  (yliarltm  1>. 
Wah'ott.  DiitM'tiir.  I8!I7.  (I'iiiIh  II  anil  III,  1H08.)  8.  5  pi.  in  (I  vol.  4IOpp.,4pl.aiiiI  niapi),  v,lt5:i  pp., 
lO'i  |il.  ami  maps ;  \ ,  Stil  pp..  1 18  pi.  anil  maps :  \,  750  pp.,  W2  pi.  an<l  niapH ;  xii,  042  pp.,  1  pi. ;  04:t-l4(K)  pp. 

XI. \.  Nliifti'i'ntli  .Annual  Urpml,  iit'  llm  I'niltMl  Stalfs  tit'ological  Siirvuy,  18i)7-'98,  (Jliai'lt'H  I). 
Waliott,  DIr.cliii.  18!J8.  (I'ails  II,  III,  and  V,  18!)',).)  8'.  0  pt.  in  7  vol.  4J2  pp.,  J  maps;  v,  9S8  pp., 
172  pi.  and  m:ips:  v,  785  pp.,  U!)  pi.  and  mapH;  viii,  814  pp.,  I18pl.und  uiapH;  wii,  400  pp.,  IIU  pl.anil 
maps;  viij.ii.'il  ]ip.,  |I  p|.;  viii,  700  pp. 

XX.  Twi-nlii'tli  .\nnual  Ui'piii't  of  lln-  Tnitcd  Status  (iuoloKii'al  Suivoy,  18!)8-'09,  Charlus  l>.  Wal- 
I'.itl,  Dinctor.  18!)!».  (I'aitH  1 1,  1 11,  I V,  V,  and  VII,  ,i)0(i.)  8.  7  pt.  in  8  vol.  5.')1  pp.,  I.' niapm  v. 
iijll  ]ip.,  I!);i  pi.  and  maps;  v,  ODD  pji.,  78  pi.  and  maps;  vii,  000  pp.,  75  pi.  and  mapH;  xix,  408  pp.,  151) 
|il.  and  niaps;   viii,  (ilO  pp.;  xi,  8  I4  p|i.,  1  pi.:  v,  50!)  pp.,  118  pi.  and  maps. 

MOXOCli.VI'lIS. 

I.  I-akr  Iti.ninvilli',  liy  (irovn  Kail  Uilliiit.     1X!)0,     4'.     xx.  4:i8  ]ip.     .'il  pi.     1  map.     l'iin>$1.50. 

II.  Turliai'v  IliHlory  of  tlii<  (ii'aiid  ('aniiii  Dlstrirt,  wltli  Atlas.  Iiy  (  ;.ii'i>n<'i<  K.  Dittlou,  Cupt.,  U.S.  A. 
1881.'.    4'>.     xiv,  2(!t|ip.     42  pi.  aiidatl.isol' -_>4slii'i'ts  fiillo.     rriii^  iflU.UI). 

III.  (i(M)lo;;y  of  Ihn  (y'oiiislock  I. Kill)  ami  tlio  Washing  Distrirt,  with  Atlas,  liy  (icorKo  K.  Becker,  188°.'. 
4°.    X-,  4Jl'pp.     7  pi.  and  atlasofJl  slii-fls  folio.     I'liiii  .Idl.On. 

IV.  Coiiistork  Miiiiii','  iiid  Mini.'i's,  li,v  ;;iiot  Lord.     lH8:t.     4\     xiv,  451  pp.     :i  pi.     I'rioe  i>1.50. 

V.  'I'liD  (JoppiT-Uraiii;;;  liocks  of  Lako  Suporior,  by  l^•l.^l  d  l)ii«U'  lrvinj{.  188J.  4^.  xvi,464  pp. 
1.''>1.    20  pi.  and  maps.     I'rii'r  .^1.85. 

VI.  Ciintriliillions  to  tlio  ICnowlodgi<  of  tlio  Oldci'  Mivso/.oir.  l-'lora  of  Virginia,  liy  William  Morris 
Kontaiiu'.    188:i.    4.     .\i,  144  pp.    54  1.    54  pi.     Tricu  .tl.Oj. 

VII.  Silver- l.i-ad  Deposits  of  Kiiroka,  Ntivada,  liy  J./8epli  Story  Curtis.  1884.  4'.  xiii,200pp.  10 
pi.     I'ricti  $1.20. 

v'lll.  PaltHinlology  of  tlio  Knreka  Uistrict,  by  Cliaiirs  Duolittio  Walcoll.  1884.  4^.  xiii,  298  pp. 
24  1.    24  pi.     I'riicifil.lO. 

IX.  Itracliiopoil;!  and  I.amidlllirancliiata  of  the  lliirilan  Cla.ys  and  (ird-nsand  .Marls  of  N«v\  •lor-scy. 
by  Woliiil  P.  W  lillliild.     IH.'^.-..    4.     \\,y:i8pp.     ri  pi.     1  map.     I'riio  ifl.I.'i. 

\.  Uinoccrala.  A  .Monn^rapli  of  an  10 n Hurt  Order  of  tiigaiitic  .Mainiuals,  liyOlliniid  (Jlmrles  Marsli. 
1880.    4^.    xviii,2i;ipp.    50  1.     50  pi.     I'ricn  .1<2.70. 

XI.  (i<'olo;iii'al  lli  lorv  of  I.aki^  lialiontan,  a  (jnalornary  l.aku  uf  Nortliwostern  Novada,  by  Israrl 
Cook  liiissrll.     188.").     1   .     \iv,2'^8p|i.     40  |il.  and  m;ips.     I'riir  $1.75. 

Xtl.  (ii'olii^y  and  Mining;  Indnslry  of  l.radvillr,  (,'idorado,  with  Atlas,  by  Saniiicl  Kianklin  Kaiiuon;-. 
1880.    4.     x\i\.77l)pp.     4">  pi.  and  atlas  of  ;i.'iHlR'i'ts  folio.     I'riir  !|18.40. 

.\III.  (lidlogy  of  lln'  (^tiirksib  IT  Deposits  of  Iho  I'acilli'  Slopf,  with  Atlas,  by  Oeurgo  !•'.  Uecker. 
1888.    4.    \i\.4Hlipp.    7  pl.ainl  atlasiif  14  wbiM'ts  folio.    I'riio  if2.00. 

X  IV.  I'ossil  I'islii's  and  riis>ll  Plants  of  tin-  'I'riassir  Uoiks  of  Ni'w  Jersey  and  the  Connecticut  Val- 
ley, by  John  S.  Xewlierrv.    18S8.    4.    XIV,  152iip.    20  pi.    Priee  1)11.00. 

XV.  The  I'otoniai'  or  Younger  Meso/.oie  I'lora,  by  William  Morris  Kontaiue.  1889.  4*^  xiv, 3'7 
pl<.    180  |il.    'I'evl  and  plates  liiiiinil  .separately.    Price  $2. 5U. 

.\  V  I.  The  P;i|eo/.ole  Fishes  of  North  Aniurica,  by  John  Strong  Xewberry.  1889.  4^.  340  pp.  53  pi. 
Prire  $1.1)0. 

WII.  rile  I'°lor;i  III'  the  Dakota  (iroiip,  a  PoHthunioiis  Work,  by  Leu  Luwiueroiix.  Kditcd  by  K.  11. 
Kniiwlten.    ISIII.     |.    400  pp.    00  pi.     Prieeijil.lO. 

XVIII.  liaslei'opiiilit  and  CeplialopiHt.iof  the  Uaritan  (Jlays  and  (ireensand  Mails  of  Xew  Jersey, 
by  Kohert  P.  Whitlleld.    1891.    4.    402  pp.    50  pi.    Priee  *1.0(). 

.\I.\.  The  I'eniikee  Ironltearliig  Si  rius  of  Northern  Wim'onsin  and  Mieliigan.by  Uoland  D.Irving 
and  ('.  li.  \an  Ilise.     1802.     4.     Ni\,  ."i;i4  pp.     :i7  pi.     Prire»l.7(). 

N.\.  lieiilo>:\  III  the  Kiiri'ka  Distriet,  Nevada,  wilh  Atluo,  1-y  Aruolil  Hague.  1892.  4  .  xvii,  419pp. 
8  pi.      Prire  .l!."i.2.'i. 

XXI.  The  Terliaiy  Kli.\  neli.iphoroiis  Coleoptera  of  North  Anurica,  by  Samuel  Hubbard  Sendder. 
181):i.     4.     \i,  21)0  pp.      18  pi.     PiieeDii.acls. 

X.Xll.  .\  Manual  of  Tiipographi.^  .MethudM,  by  Henry 'lonuett,  Chief  ToiMigrapher.  1893.  4'.  xiv, 
:iliOpp.      18  pi.      Pn>e$l.i>0. 

.\XIII.  (ieology  iif  the  (ireeu  Mountains  in  MassaehiiseltH,  by  Uaphael  PiiniiHdIy,  J.  E.  Weill, 
and  T.  Xel»iin  D.ile.     I.SHi.     4.     xiv.  2;)0pp.    2;i  pi.     Price* 1. 30. 

X.XI  V  .Molliiseaaiid  Crustacea  III' the  Mioeeiu<  Kormalioimuf  NewtTersey,  by  Itobertl'arr  Wbittleld. 
I8'.l|.     4.     l'.i."i  pp.     24  pi.      Price  111)  cents. 

.\XV.    ■'hetilacial  Lake  .Vgassi^,  b>  Warren  Cpham.    1895.    4'.    xxiv,  O-W  pp.    38  pi.    I  j'loe<il.7U. 

.\XVI.  I'lnra  of  the  Aniboy  Clays,  by  John  Strong  Newberry;  n  PoHtliumuUH  Work,  edited  bv 
Arthur  lloilUk.     189.'>.    4  .     'Oo  pp.    5H  pi.     Price  f  1 .00. 

XXVII.  (ieotogy  of  llie  I)en\er  llasin.  Colirt;  do,  by  S.  K.  Kiuiuons,  Whitman  Crosa,  anil  (icorgeil. 
iildridge.     1890.    4.     55U  pp.    31  pi.     Price  ifl. 50. 


I 


x.\ 

S.  rih 

and  a 

XX 

Ham| 

XX 

XX 

4  .     X 

XX; 

and  I'll 

i'.  W. ,' 

XX.> 

KoerHti 

XXX 

4.     xii 

XXX 

Holli.'k 

XXX 

Moyd  .X 

TnlriMlti 

XXX^ 

4«7  pp. 

XXX\ 

XXXI 

of  a  Few 

$1.11). 

fn  iirrpa 

XI,.  Ai 

I>escripti 

tiary  Cob 

—  Flora 


1.  OnH; 
Geological 

2.  (ioM  il 
coinpuied  I 

3.  On  the 
New  Vork, 

4.  On  Me. 

5.  A  Diet 
Priei-  20  eei 

0.  Klevati 

7.  Ma|M>le 

1752-1881,  in 

»°.     184  pp, 

o.  Oil  Seeo 

V,ui  Hi„„,     I 

0.  A  1,'epoi 
f-'larke,  ( 'hiei 

10.  On  the  I 
1884.    8o.    74 

11.  On  the  ( 
l)y  U.  Kllswor 
Oi'lM-ri.    |K«4 

2.  A  Cryst 
'•i*  I'P.     3  pl. 

13.  Iloiindar 
Sketch  of  the' 

14.  ■!•:»    Kh. 

Stroiihal.     188; 

15-  On  the  M 

Price  5  cents. 

1«.  On  the  JI 

««PP.    3p|.    I 


Bull. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


ni 


!•.     1.S8-J. 

0. 
1,404  IM' 

I  Miiiris 

ii,  298  pp. 
rt  JeMt'.v. 
li>H  Maioli. 
by  lHr;ul 
'^iiinioiU'. 
Becker. 
ieutViil 
xiv,a'7 
pp.    53  pi. 
I  hy  V.  U. 
w  Jersey, 
1).  IrvinK 

ii,  41!»PP 

ScmUler. 

4'.    xiv, 

E.  Wolff, 

tVlilttieUl. 


Lice  •1.70. 
le(Uto<l  liv 

llcorgeli. 


.\XVIII.  Till' Mjiiiiiifll..  Ir.in  Ili'iiiiim  itJMtiirl  <il'  Mi<lii;;;iM,  « i)!i  Alliii.  li.v  < '.  K.  Vmi  IIIhijikI  W. 
ri.  Khyley,  iiirliKliii);  a  Cliapti  r  on  llic  Rcpiil)lic  Trmmh.  l>y  Ii  I,.  Siiiytli.  iX'J'.  I  .  (MiH  pp.  ;i."i  pi. 
anil  iitluH  111'  :tu  Hlii-ctH  t'ltlio.     Price  $.^).T.'i. 

XXIX.  (icnlofry  of  Olil  llanipMlilrit  Coiint  v.  MaHHailiiiNrttH.  roniprisin;;  !''ranl<lln.  llainpHliirr.  anil 
Hanipili'n  Coiinlii's,  liy  lti>n.jaiiiln  Ki'iiilall  KniiTHoii.     IHUK.     4  .     xxi.  T'.HI  |i|i.     :i.'i  pi.     I'rirc  .tl.UO. 

XXX.  KosHil  Meiliisa,  liy  Cliarl.'n  Doollttlo  Wali'oll.     1H!W.     I.     ix,  L'Ol  pp.    47  pi.     I'riri' !iil.."i0. 

XXXI.  (inolojiyot'  tlio  As)H>n  Mining  DiHtrirt,  Ciilorailo,  with  .MhiH.  Iiy  tlo.siali  KihvanI  Spurr.  I8!)8. 
4  '.     XXXV,  '2(H)  pp.    4;i  pi.  anil  utia.s  of  :iO  HliertH  folio.     I'rire  .f;i.t'iU. 

XXXII.  (it'olo^yof  llic  Vcllowntoiii.  National  Park.  Part  II,  l»(siTipii\i>  tii'oloj;y,  I'rlroKrapliy, 
anil  Pali'iintolouy.  liy  Aniolil  llaKiie,  .1.  I'.  IiliUn);H,  W.  llarvry  Wn-il,  ('harli-s  l».  Walcoit,  (i.  ll.liirty, 
T.  W.Stunton,  anil  K.  II.  Knowlton.     IfitO.    4.     xvii.HO.I  pp.     IL'I  pi.     I'lirc  .tJ.4.5. 

XXXIII.  (iroloKy  of  tlie  Xarrauaiinett  HaHin,  liy  N.  S,  Slialrr.  .1.  II.  \\'oo<l\viirlli.  anil  .\iikii«I  I'. 
KoerHte.     l.SOll.    4\    xx,402pp.    Ill  pi.    Priieifil. 

XXXIV.  The  Glacial  (travels  of  Maine  anil  flicir  .VHniM-lati-il  Dcposil,.*,  liy  (icorjie  II.  Stone.  1H09. 
4'^.    xiii,4i«)pp.    .V2  j.l.     Price  iH.30. 

XXXV.  I'lif  Later  Kxtinct  Flonm  of  Nortii  America,  l>y  .lohn  Stronii  Newlicrrv;  i  ililcil  liy  .\rlliiir 
llollick.     1808.     4".     xviii, '.'«.■>  pp.     68  pi      Price  ifl.'^). 

X.XXVI.  The  Cry»lal  Kails  Iron-Hcariii)!  District  of  Michigan,  hy  ■!.  Morcan  <'|iiiicnts  anil  Henry 
Lloyil  Smyth;  with  a  Chapter  on  the  SturKcon  liivcr  Ton^iir,  l>y  William  .'^hirliy  liayley,  anil  an 
IntriKlnction  hy  (Miarles  Uicharil  Van  llise.      IH99.     4.     xxxvi,  .'il'J  pp.     .'i:i  jil.      Price  .fa. 

XXXVII.  Fossil  Flora  of  the  Lower  Coal  .Measnrcs  of  Miasdiri,  hy  David  While.  ICOI*.  4.  xl, 
4tl7  pp.     73  pi.     Price  $1.25. 

XXXVIII.  The  Illinois  (ilacial  Lohe,l>y  Frank  Liverett.    ISOil.    4.    xxi,HI7pp.   -'4  pi.    Price  *l.(iO. 

XXXIX.  The  Fwene  and  Lower  <)li;;occne  (Jon i  Faunas  of  the  I'nilcil  States,  with  I)i'scri])tion8 
of  a  Few  Dmiht fully  Crctaeoons  Species,  by  T.  Wuylaud  VauKlian.  191)0.  4'.  '203  pp.  24  jil.  Price 
$1.10. 

In  }ireparaUon : 

XL.  AdepliaKoiis  and  (,'lavii'orn  Coleoptera  from  the  Tertiary  Deixisitsal  Florissant,  (,'olorailo.  with 
Descriptions  of  a  Few  Other  Forms  anil  including  a  Systi'inalic  List  of  the  Xon-Uhyncophuruus  Ter- 
tiary Coleoptera  of  North  America,  hy  Samuel  Miihlmrd  Seiid-Iir. 

—  Flora  of  the  Laramie  and  Allied  Forinatiuns,  hy  Frank  Hall  Kuuwlton. 

lU'LLETINS. 

1.  On  Ilyperstheiie  Aiidesite and  on  Tridinic  Pyroxene  in  Anuilic  Kocks,  lij-  Whiiinai. '"mss,  with  a 
Oeolojjii'ai  Sketch  of  liuB'alo  Peaks,  Colorado,  hy  S.  F.  Kmmons.    IWHI).    H '.    42  pp.    2  pi.    Pri  e  10  cents. 

2.  (lohl  and  Silver  Conversion  Tahlcs,  giving  the  Coining  \'aliie  nf  Troy  (  Minces  of  Fine  Metal,  etc., 
coniputv'd  hy  Alherl  U'illiams.Jr.     1H83.    8\        PP-     Price  ."icents. 

3.  On  the  Fossil  Faunas  of  the  Cpper  Devonian,  alouK the  Meriilianof  7ii  ':iU',  from  Tompkins  County, 
New  York,  to  Uradford  (/'oiinty,  Pennsylvania,  hy  Henry  S,  Williams.     1881.    8  .    ;itt  pp.    I'lice  5  couts. 

4.  Ou  Meso/,oie  Fossils,  hy  (Jharles  .V.  While.    1HH4.    8^.    ,')«  pp.    9  pi.     Price  ,"i  cents. 

5 .  X  Dictionary  of  Altitudes  in  the  Cniteil  States,  compiled  hy  Henry  ( iannett.  1884.  8  \  325  pp. 
Price  20  cents. 

C.  Klevatlons  III  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  hy  . I.  W.  Speiu'cr.    1884.     8.     i:i  pp.     Price  .'i  cents. 

7.  Ma|Hiteca  (ieolo);ii'a  Americana.  A  ('atalo^iie  of  (ieoloiiical  Maps  of  .\merica  (Nortli  .uid.Soulhl, 
1752-1881,  in  (ieoirraidiic  aiiil  ChrouoloKic  Order,  by  Jules  Marcim  and  John  Delknap  Marcoii.  1884. 
8'^.     184  pp.     I'rice  10  cents. 

0.  Oil  SiM'ondary  !Cidar)i:ements  of  Mineral  Fra);ments  in  Certain  Kocks,  hy  K.  D.  Irvin;:  anil  C.  It. 
VailHise.     1884.     8'.     .'.«  pp.     (i  pi,     Prhe  1(1  cents. 

0.  A  Keport  of  Work  done  in  the  Wiishintjton  Lahoralory  during  the  I'lscal  Vear  188:i-'84.  F.  W. 
';iarke,  Chief  Cheinist.    T.  M.  Chalaril,  Assistant  Chemist.     1H84.    8.     40  pii.     I'ri.  .■  .'i  cents. 

10.  On  the  Camhrian  Faunas  of  S'ortli  Ameri  i.  Preliminary  Studies,  hy  t'harles  Dooliltle  Walcott. 
1884.    8".     74  pp.     10  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

11.  On  tlie(juate:iiary  and  Uei'eiit  MoUiisca  of  the  (ireat  llasiii;  with  Descriptions  of  New  l-'orms, 
by  U.  Kllsworth  ('all.  Introduced  hy  a  .Sketch  of  the  Quaternary  Lakes  of  the  (ireal  Uasiu.by  (i,  K. 
(ii'bert.     1884.     » '.     0(1  pp.     « pi.     Price  5  cents. 

2.  A  ('ryHtalloKiaphie  S..idy  uf  the  rhiuolite  -if  Lake  Lahontali,  hy  Edward  S.  Dana      1884.    8°. 
34  p]).     3  pi.     Price  ,">  cents. 

13.  lioiiiidaries  of  the  Piilted  State-^  and  of  ti\3  Seveial  States  and  Territories,  with  a  UlHtorical 
Sketchof  the  Territorial  Ohaniies.  hy  Henry  C.annett.    188,').    8\    ri.lpp.    Price  111  cents.    (Kxhausted.) 

14.  '!'"n  l>;iectricnl  ami  Magnetic  Properties  of  the  Irun-Curhiirets,  hy  (,'ari  Harus  and  Vincent 
Stronhal.     I88,'>.     R.     2:i8  pp.     Prhe  l,"i  cents. 

15.  On  the  Mesozoic  and  (/'eiio/.oic  Paleontology  of  ( 'alifomia,  hy  ("nirles  A,  White.  1885.  8  '.  33  pp. 
Price  5  cents. 

10.  On  the  IllKlier  l>evonian  Faunas  of  Ontario  County,  New  York,  hy  John  .M.  Clarke.  1885.  8" 
80  pp.     3  pi.     Prieuuceuts, 


Bull.  171 12 


IV 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


17.  Oil  the  I»tiv('l<i|(iii('nl. of  OyHltilliziilion  in  the  IpicoiiH  liockn  of  Wiih1i<m>,  Novftdii,  with  NoIoh on 
tlio  (irolciKy  of  l)ic  DiHtricl.  Iiy  Arnold  IlnKUtt  iinti  •(oHit|ili  I*.  IdtlinKx.  188r>.  8'.  44  )i|i.  Pricii  5 
cimlH. 

18.  On  Marine  Kncono,  KrcHli-wattn-  Mioconv,  nml  Otiit'r  KoHxil  MolliiHia  ni'  WrHtcrn  North  Ani»ri<'a, 
by  Chnrh-s  A.  Wliitc.    1«H5.    K\    20  pp.     3  pi.    ''rice  r.  mils. 

H).  Noti'N  on  tlu!  Slnilinriipliy  of  (Jiilifornia.  I>y  (Ji'orjif  i'".  1!(»  kfr.  1885.  8".  28  pp.  Price  .'>  ci'iitH. 
(Kxhllll^ll(^«l.) 

'JO.  (JontriliiitionM  to  tlie  .Miiieralogj- of  tho  Rocky  ^roiintiiiiiH,  by  Wliitnmn  (.'fohh  luiti  W.  K.  llijlt- 
IinilKl.     1885.     8.     114  pp.     I  pi.     I'rii'c  lOceiitH. 

21.  Till)  LiKliites  of  the  iiimit  .Sioux  l(e8i-rvation.  A  Keport  on  tlie  Uvgiou  lit-tweeii  llitt  (Irani)  and 
Moreaii  KiverH,  Kakota,  l>y  liailey  Willi.s.     I88D.    8.     10  pp.    ;"<  pi.     I'rifo  5  cents. 

li'J.  On  New  ('ri)tai'eoiiM  Fo«sil.->  from  California,  l>y  </'liarlen  A.  Wliite.  1885.  8'.  25  pp.  :>  jij. 
I'rice  .')  (•eiil.s. 

'Si.  OliMervatioiiH  on  tlie  Jiinrlion  between  tlie  KaHlern  Siindslone  and  the  Keweenaw  Si'rieH  on 
Kmveenaw  I'oiiit.  Luke  Siijierior,  by  I!.  1>.  Irving' and  T.  (,'.( 'Iianibelliii.  1885.  H\  124  pp.  17  pi. 
I'riee  15  leiitM. 

24.  Li.st  of  iMarine  .MolliiHca,  eoniprisiiiK  the  (juateinary  I'lmsilH  and  Keeoiil  Kornm  from  Ainerican 
Loealitieri  between  Cape  llatteniM  and  Ca)>e  Koqiiu,  int-liidinu  the  Ileruiiidua,  by  William  Jlealy  Dall. 
1885.     8.     ;i;iO  jip.     rrieti25eniit.s. 

25.  Tho  Present  Techiiieal  Condition  of  (he  Steel  Indiistry  of  the  I'niti'd  StateH,  by  I>biu(>jii«  Ihirues. 
1885.     8'.     85ii]i.     Price  10  centH. 

20.  (."opper  Smell  inj;,  by  Henry  M.  Howe.     1885.     8\     107  jip.     Price  10  cents. 

27.  KeiMirt  of  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  inuialy  during  tlio  Fiscal  Year 
1884-'8,'(.     188'i.     8\     80  pp.      Price  10  eeiiJs. 

28.  Th')  (iabbros  and  .A.s.sociated  Ilornbleude  Itocks  oeeiirrin;;  in  the  Nei^hborhootl  of  lialtiiuore, 
Maryliimi   by  (ieor;;o  lIiiiitiii)iton  Williams.     1880.    8'.    78  jip,    4  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

2!t.  On  th,<  Kreshwater  Invertebrates  of  the  North  American  •lura.ssic,  by  Charles  A.  White.  1880. 
8".    41  pj).     *  id.     Price  5  cents. 

30.  Second  Contribution  to  the  Studies  on  the  (y'nnibriaii  Kiiiiiuis  of  North  America,  by  (.'harles  l)oo- 
little  Walcol  I.     1880.     8'.     ilOO  l)p.     Xi  ]t\.     Price  25  ciiils. 

31.  .Syslomatic  Keviewofour  Present  Knowledjie  of  Fossil  Inseet«,  including  .Myriapisls  and  Arach 
nids,  by  Saniuei  Hubbard  Scudder.     IHH*).    8.     12H  pp.     Price  l.'i  cents. 

32.  Lists  and  .Vnalysesof  the  Mineral  Springs  of  llie  I'nilcd  Stales:  (a  Preliminary  Study),  by  Alliert 
C.  Peah>.     1.X80.     8''.     235  pp.     Price  20  cent. s. 

33.  Noteson  the  (JiMiloKy  of  Xortliern  ('alifornia,  by  .1.  S.  Diller.     1880.    8'\    23  pp.     Price  5  cents. 

34.  On  the  Uelalion  of  the  Karamie  Molluscaii  Fauna  to  that  of  the  Suci'eediiij;  Fresh-water  Kocene 
and(»ther(iroiip»,  by  Charles  A.  White.     1880.    8'^     ."i4  jip.    5  pi.     I'rice  10  cents. 

35.  Physii'al  Propertk's  of  tlie  Iron-Carburets,  by  ('arl  Itarus  ami  Vincent  Strouhal.  1880.  S'^.  02 
pp.     Price  10  cents. 

36.  Subsidence  of  Fine  Snlid  Particles  in  Mipiids,  by  (;arl  Uarus.    1880.    8'=.    r>8  j»p.     Price  10  cents. 

37.  Types  vif  the  Laramie  Fhira,  by  Lester  F.  Ward.    1887.    8°.    3.'>4  pp.    57  pi.    Price  25  cents. 

38.  Peridolite of  KUiott  County,  Keiiliicky,  by  . I.  S.  Diller.    1887.    8"^.    31pp.     1  pi.    Price  5  cents. 

39.  The  Upjier  lU-aches  and  Deltas  of  the  Ulacial  Lake  Agassiz,  by  Warren  Ppliam.  1887.  8°.  84 
pp.    1  jil.     Price  10  cents. 

40.  (Changes  in  Uiver  Courses  in  Washingtun  Territory  due  to  (Jlaciation,  by  Uailuy  Willis.  1887. 
8°.    10  pp.    4  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

41.  On  the  Fo.ssil  Faunas  of  the  I'pper  Devimian— the  (ienesee  .Section,  New  York,  by  Henry  S. 
AVilliiims.     1887.    8'.     121pp.    4  pi.     Price  15  cents. 

42.  l{ei>ort  «)f  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  niniiily  during  the  Fiscal  Year 
1885-'80.     F.  W.  Clarke,  Chief  Chemist.     1887.     8\     152  pp.     1  pi.     Price  1.  cents. 

43.  Tertiary  and  Cretaceous  Strata  of  the  Tii.scaloosii.  TombiulH'c,  and  Alai>..aia  Uivers,  by  lOiigeue 
A.  Smith  and  Lawrence  ('..lohnson.     1887.    8.     181)  pp.     21  |)l.     Price  ^5  cents. 

44.  liibliography  of  North  Ainericau  (leology  for  1880,  by  Nelson  I'.  Dir.ton.  1887.  8\  35  pp. 
I'rice  5  cents. 

45.  The  Pn>s<<nt  Condition  of  KnowledKu  of  the  Croology  of  Toxw),  by  Uobort  T.  IIIU.  1887.  6°.  'M 
pp.    Price  10  leiits 

46.  Nature  and  Origin  of  Deposits  of  Phosphate  of  Liiun,  by  K.  A.  F.  Peiiruse,  jr.,  with  an  Intro- 
duction by  N.  S.  .Shaler.     18,88.     8".     143  pp.     Price  15  cents. 

47.  .Vnalyses  of  Waters  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  with  an  Account  of  tho  Methods  of 
Aualysisemployed,  by  Frank  .Viistiu  (jooi'li  and  .lames  Edward  Whitlield.  1888.  8'^.  84  pji.  Price 
10  cents. 

48.  Un  the  Form  and  Pusithm  of  the  Soa  Level,  by  Uobert  Simpson  Woodward.  1888.  8^  88  pp. 
Trice  10  cents. 

4(1.  Latitudes  and  Longitudes  of  (\>rtain  Points  in  Missouri.  Kansas,  and  New  Mexico,  by  Uobort 
Hlni]moii  Woislward.     188i).     8  '.     133  jip.      Price  15  cents. 

TiJ.  Formulas  and  Tables  to  facilitate  the  Construction  and  Use  uf  Mujis,  by  Uobert  Simjiauu  \Vood> 
ward.     188U.    8'.     124  lip.     Pi  ice  15  cuutn. 


witmm 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


L.  1887. 
loiiry  S- 
liil  Year 

-.15  i>p. 

1  6\    '.K 

Intro- 

\un\n  of 
I'rlce 

88  pp. 

I  Uidiort 

Wood- 


61.  On  Invertebrate  FohhUs  from  llio  I'aoilif  CiMwt,  by  (Miarles  Ablatliur  White.  1889.  8".  102 
pp.    14  pi.     rric»<  1,'MciitH. 

52.  Sii))a<''riul  DcM'uy  of  Koi^kH  nii<l  Orifjin  of  tlio  IvimI  (lolor  of  Cortwin  KoriimtioiiH,  by  iHriujl  ('ouk 
KuHMoIl.     l«8t».     8\     m  pp.     .'■i  pi.      Trico  l(i  cmts. 

63.  The  Oeology  of  XantiKiket,  by  Nathauii'l  f5outh>;ato  .Sliiiltu-.  1889.  8".  .15  |>p.  lo  pi.  Trice  10 
ceiitH. 

54.  On  tho  Tliurino-Kloctric  MeaHuronifiit  of  IIi|;;li  TumpuratureH,  by  ('arl  lianiH.  188i».  8^.  :)13  pp. 
iucl.  1  pi.     11  pi.     I'rirn  "JSciMitH. 

55.  Ueport  of  Work  tloiio  in  tln>  Division  of  (.'boniistry  and  I'liysicH,  mainly  tliiriuK  the  I'lHcal  Vear 
lg80-'87.     Frank  \Vij,'j,lc.H wort lit.'larkr,  Cliii.f  Clii'mi.>4t.      MXU.    K^    »«  pp.     I'rico  li)  cent.-*. 

56.  FoHHil  \\'<Hiil  ami  LlKnito  of  the  Totomuc  Formation,  by  Frank  Hall  Knowlton.  1H.H!*.  H\  72 
pp.     7  pi.      I'rici'  ID  r<'tit«. 

57.  A  Geological  U('(MiniuiiH8an<H)  in  South  weatorn  Kunsiut,  by  Uobt^rt  (lay.  189*).  »'.  49  jtp.  '-'pi. 
Price  .I  cents. 

58.  TlieGlai'ial  Itountlary  iu  WeHtorn  Pennsylvania, Ohio,  Kenlncky,  Indiana, ami  Illinoi.s,  by  (loorge 
Frederick  \Vri({lit,  with  an  Introiluction  by  Thomaa  Chrowder  CliamlMirlln.  1890.  8>.  112  pp.  8pl. 
Prict'  15  ceiitH. 

59.  TheGabbro.i  and  AH.socittted  llocka  in  Delaware,  by  Frederick  1>.  (yhester.  1890.  8"'.  45  pp. 
Ijd.     Price  10  I'eiits. 

00.  Report  of  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  ChomiHtry  and  Phyxics,  mainly  during  the  Fiscal  Year 
1887-'88.     F.  YV.  Clarke,  Chief  ('hemiKt.      1890.     8^      174  pp.      Price  15  c.'nts. 

01.  Contributions  to  the  !Mineraloj;y  of  the  Pacilic Coast,  b>  William  Harlow  Melville  and  Wahliunur 
Lindjjren.     1890.     8'.     40  pp.     :t  pi.     Price  5  cent.s. 

0'.'.  The  Greenstone  Schist  Areas  of  the  Menominee  and  Marquette  Kcj;ions  of  Michigan ;  a  Contri- 
bution to  the  Subject  of  Dynamite  Metamorphi.sm  in  Eruptive  liocks,  by  GiMirge  Huntington  Williams; 
with  an  IntnMluction  by  Koland  Duer  Irving.     1890.     SJ.    241pp.     Hi  pi.     Price  30  cents. 

63.  A  l!ibliograi)liy  of  Paleozoic  Crustacea  from  1098  to  1889,  including  a  List  of  North  American 
Species  and  a  Systematic!  Arrangomcut  of  Genera,  by  Anthony  W.  Vogdes.  1890.  8^.  177  jip.  Price 
15cent8. 

64.  A  Report  of  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  mainly  during  the  Fiscal 
Year  1888- '89.    F.  W.  Clarke,  "hicf  Chemi.Ht.     1890.    8".    00  pp.    Price  10  cents. 

65.  Stratigraphy  of  the  Bituminous  Coal  Field  oi  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  AVesI  Virginia,  by  Israel 
C.White.     1891.     8^.    212  pp.     11  pi.     Price  20  cents. 

60.  On  a  Grouji  of  Volcauit'  Rocks  from  the  Tewan  Mountains,  New  Mexico,  ami  on  the  Occurrence 
ol  Primary  Quartz  in  Certain  ISasalls,  by.lo.se|ih  Pax.son  Iililings.     18'.H).     8'.    34  jip.     Price  aiumts. 

07.  The  Relations  of  the  Trai»s  of  the  Newark  .System  in  the  New  .ler.-icy  Region,  b_\   Nelson  Horatio 
Darton.     1890.     8''.     82  pp.     Price  10  cents. 
1)8.  Kartli<iuakes  in  California  in  1889,  by  .lames  Eilward  Keeler.     1.S90.     8  .     25  jip.     Price  5  cents. 

69.  A  Classed  and  .\nnotated  Pibliography  of  Fossil  Insects,  by  .Samuel  Hubbard  Sciidder.  I8iK). 
8°.     101pp.     I'rice  15  cents. 

70.  Report  on  Astronomical  Work  of  1889  and  1890,  by  Robert  Simpson  WtMtdward.  18m).  8  >.  79  pp. 
Price  10  cents. 

71.  Index  to  the  Known  FohhII  lusectsof  the  World,  including  Myriupods  and  .\rachnids,  by  Samuel 
Hubbard  Scudder.     1891.    8\     744  i^).     Price  ,10  rents. 

72.  .Vltitudes  between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  by  Warren  Ipliam.  1891.  8°. 
229  pp.     Price  20  cents. 

73.  Th  a  Viscosity  of  Solids,  by  Carl  llanis.    1891.    8\    xii,  139  pp.    0  pi.     I'ri.e  1.1  cents. 

74.  Tlie  Minerals  ol  North  Carolina,  by  I'"re<lerick  .Vugustus  (Jenlli.  1891.  8.  119  pp.  I'rice  15 
eel'!:. 

75.  Record  of  North  .\mei-ican  Geology  for  1887  to  1889,  inclusive,  liy  Nelson  Mora)  in  Darton,  1891. 
8°.    173  pp.     Price  15  cents. 

76.  \  Dictionary  of  .Mlilinh-s  in  Hie  United  States  (Second  ICditioui,  compiled  by  Henry  Gannett, 
Chief  Topographer.     1891.    8\     393  pp.     I'ri.e  25  cents. 

77.  The  Texan  ri>riniaii  and  its  .Mcsozoic  Types  of  Fossils,  by  (Jharlcs  .\.  While.  1891.  8'.  51pp. 
4  pi.    Price  10  cents. 

78.  A  Report  of  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  Chendstry  and  Physics,  nutinly  during  the  Fiscal 
Vear  I889-'1K).     F.  W.  <;iarke.  Chief  Chemist.     1891.     8\     131  jip.     I'rice  l.l  cents. 

70.  A  I.ate  Volcanic  Kruption  in  N'orthern  California  and  its  Peculiar  Lava,  by  J.S.  Diller.  1891.  8°. 
33pp.     17  pi.     Price  10  <'eut8. 

80.  Correlation  Papers— Devonian  and  (Jarbonifercnis,  by  Henry  .Shaler  Williams.  1891.  8"'.  279  pp. 
Price  20  cents. 

81.  Correlation  I'aiHtrs— (Jiuubrian,  by  Charles  DiHdittlo  Walcott.  1891.  8'.  447  ]ip.  3  pi.  Price 
25  cents. 

82.  <;orrelatlon  Papers— Crctaw'oiis,  by  Charles  .V.  Wliiii'.     IH91.    8^.    273  pp.     3  pi.     Price  20  centa. 

83.  ('orrelation  Papers— Eocene,  by  William  llulluck  (Mark.    1801.    8^    173  pp.    2  pi.    Price  15  centa. 


VI 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


84.  (.'ontlaliiiii  l'ii|MTs_N.MM<>in>,  liy  \V.  n.  Dull  aiiiMl.  II.  lliiniH.  IHi»u'.  H.  :t40  pp.  :i  pi.  Prlco 
'ibrt'UiK. 

STi.  ('iiri't'hitiiiii  I'api'in-  I'll"  Ncwitrk  Syslcni,  li.v  lnriH'l  CimiK  Kui-hi'II.  IH'.cj.  8  .  :i44  pp.  i:ipl. 
I'ricf  ■_'.">  ifiils. 

HO.  (Jorri'ltilioii  I'lipitrM  — Arclii-an  anil  AluiMikian,  livC  K.  Van  Ilim'.  \H\V2.  8'.  Mil  pp.  IL'  p. 
Prirc  ■_'.'>  (■(•iil.'<. 

HI.  A  SynopHiH  lit' Aiiirriraii  KuhhII  Itritcliiiipoilii.  ini'liiiUiiK  liililiourapliy  ami  .^.viiiiiiviiiy,  liy  Cliaili'H 
SiliiK'lurt.     18it7.     «.    41)4  pp.     Tilif 'J.-i  ii-iiIh. 

HH.  Tlic  Crdiui'oiiH  Kiirimiiiiifcriiiir  NowJtTHey,  liy  UiiriiM  Mallirr  UajiK.jr.  1H!»H.  8\  M»  pp.  tip). 
I'fitji'  10  icnlH. 

H'.r  Siiiiii'  Lava  Klows  nl'  tliti  WcKloril  Slop(>  of  llm  Sii'irii  Ncvaila, ) 'aliriiniia.  Iiy  K.  I,<>.m||i<  Kaii.'tiiiiii'. 
18«8.     8'.     74  pp.     II  pi.     I'lliK  t."i<i'iilH. 

90.  A  Report  of  Work  ilimi<  in  the  DIvi.Hioii  nl'  ClirniUtry  .iiiil  I'liy.'^irn.  mainly  during  llm  !•  incal 
Yt>ar  l«!lil-'IM.     K.  W.  Clarke.  Cliirl"  ('licniisl.       lS!fJ.     H.      77  pp.       I'rii  i.  HI  icntM. 

UI.  Kccoril  ol'  Vortli  .ViiKTican  <ifolo};y  lor  lHl»ii,  by  Nelson  lliiralio  Dartoii.  IH'.ll.  8'.  ssjip.  Trice 
llleeiilK. 

!Ci.  Tin- (lonipres.tiliilily  III' I,ii|iii(ls.  Ity  Carl  Kan..'*.     IHirj.     8\     Oil  )ip.     L'!l  iil.     Triee  Id  eeiilH. 

iCt.  Some  IiisiTl.H  III'  .Sperial  Interest  from  I'Moris.sant,  Colorailo,  anil  (Mlier  I'oiiits  in  the  TertiarioH 
of  Colorailo  anil  Itali,  lpy  Samnel  Iliililiaril  Seiiililer.      IH!!'.'.      8'.     ;i,'i  pp.     Dpi.     I'riee  ,j  eenlH. 

04.  The  Mil  lianism  of  Soliil  Viseosity,  Ity  Carl  liarus.     18112.     8''.     i;!8  p|i.     Price  l.'i  eentx. 

nr>.  Karllninakes  in  California  in  I80(/  anil  1801,  liy  Kilwaiil  Sinv:leti>n  llolileii.  18'J'J.  8".  :il  ]>]>. 
Price  ,"  cents. 

nti.  'I'lie  N'olii 'rheniioilymimicsof  Mqiliils,  by  Carl  llariis.      ISDl.'.     8\     HHi  pp.     Price  in  contx. 

97.  The  Menozdic  I'A'liiniMloninilii  of  the  Uiii»e«l  Stat«>H,  by  William  HnlliH-k  Clark.  lH!i:i.  8°.  207 
pp.     .'■(l  pi.      Piii  I'  I'd  cents. 

!»8.  Flora  of  the  (hillyinn  <'arlioiiiferoiis  iiasins  of  Sonlliwostern  Missonri,  by  l)a\iil  White.  181)3. 
8".     l:i!l  pji.     r>  ])l.     Price  l">  cents. 

9!>.  Kei'oril  of  Nortli  .American  (Jeolouy  for  1891,  by  NeUiin  Horatio  llarlon.  18112.  8'.  71!  pp. 
Price  1(1  cents. 

100.  llibliov'va|ihy  ami  Index  of  the  PublicatioiiH  of  the  IT.  S.  <ieolo;>ical  .Survey,  IH7U-18!I2,  by  Philip 
Crevelin;;  Warman.     I8'.»:i.    8.    4il.'i  pp.     Price  2."i  cents. 

101.  Insci  t  Kaiiiia  of  the  Uhoile  Islanil  Coal  Kielil,  by  Samuel  Hnhbanl  .Scmliler.  !8ii;!.  8^.  27  pp. 
2pl.     ! 'rice  .">  cents. 

102.  A  ("atalogue  anil  ItiblioKrapliy  of  North  .\inerican  Meso/.oic  Invertelirata,  by  Coriu'liiis  Hrock- 
InriilKc  lloyle.     IS'.Kl.     8.     Hl.'i  lip.      Prici    '.->cenln. 

lO;).  HiK'i  'reiiiperatiire  Work  in  I;;neiiiis  Fimioii  nnil  F.biillition.  chielly  in  Kelation  to  Pressiiru,  by 
Carl  lianm.     IHlKi,    8\     .'■7  pp.    9  jil.     Price  10  cents. 

Ul4.  (Jlaciation  of  tlio  Vellowstone  Valley  north  of  the  Park,  by  Walter  Harvey  Weeil.  189:t.  8<» 
41  pp.    4  pi.     Price  .1  cents. 

ln'i.  'riie  l.aramieanil  the  Overly  in;;  Livingston  I'lirmation  in  Montana,  by  Waller  Harvey  WetMl 
with  Keport  on  I'lora,  by  Frank  Hall  Knowlton.     189;!.    8'.     (i8  jip.     l«  p|.     Price  10  cents. 

100.  The  (Nilorailo  Fonnatiou  ami  its  Invertebrate  Fauna,  by  'I'.  W.  Stanton.  18!i;i.  8'^.  288  pp. 
4.''ilil.     Price  20  cents. 

107.  TlioTr.ip  Dikes  of  the  Lake  Chaniiilain  Ueni""' kv  J"m''«  Fnrinan  Kemp  ami  Vernon  Free- 
man Marsters.     1893.     8.     02  pp.     4  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

108.  .\  (icoliigical  lleconnoissance  in  Ci'ntral  Washington,  by  Israel  I 'ook  lins.sell.  189;i.  8".  108pp. 
12  pi.     Price  I, "j  cents. 

109.  The  Kraptiveanil  Seilinieiitary  Uockson  l*i)!eoii  Point,  Minnesota,  anil  their  Contai't  Phenom- 
ena, by  Williiim  Shirley  Itayley-     !'<'•'•>•     '^        121  pp.     10  pi.     Price  I.",  cents. 

110.  The  Paleozoic  Section  in  the  Vicinity  of  Three  Forks,  Montana,  by  Albert  Charles  Peale.  18911. 
8<^.    .1(1  pp.    ft  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

111.  (li'idogy  of  the  Ilia  Stone  (iap  Coal  Fielil  of  Virciniii  anil  Kentucky,  by  Marius  I!.  Cam|)bell, 
189n.    8^.     lOfljip.     0  pi.     Price  !.">  cents 

112.  Kartluiiiakcs  in  California  in  189'.',  by  Clsarles  1).  Pervine.     IHO;;.     8  .     .'"i"  pp.     Price  10  cents. 
li;t.  .\    lieporl  of  Work  iliine  in  the  Division  c.f  Clieiaistry  ilurlny  the  Fiscal   Vears  1891-'92  ami 

1892-'!';!.     F.  W.  Clarke.  Chief  Chemist.     180;i.     'A.     115  pp.     Price  l.'i  cents. 

114.  Kartlii|uakcs  in  California  in  l.'^tn,  by  Cl'.arbH  D.  j'errine.     1891.    8\    2;i  pp.     Price  . I  cents. 

115   A  (Jeo;,'rnphic  Dictionary  of  IJlioile  Islanil,  by  Henry  (iannett.    1894.  8".    ;il  jip.   Price  Ti  contH. 

lie.  A  (icii;;nipliic  Dictionary  of  Massachusetts,  by  Henry  (innnett.  1804.  8".  120  jtp.  Price  15 
cents. 

117.  A  lieo(;raphic  Dictionary  of  Connecticut,  by  Henry  (iannett.     1894.    8'.    07  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

118.  .\  (Jeoi^raphic  Dictionary  of  .New  .IcrscN,  by  Henry  (ianiiett.    1894.    8'.    i;il  pp.    Price  IScents. 

119.  A  (ieolonical  IttTonnoissance  in  Northwest  AVyiiniiii({,  liy  Ooortjt'  Iltiinuim  Kblriil|.'e.  1804.  8'^. 
72pp.    4  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

120.  The  Devonian  System  of  Kustern  PonnsylvaulH  and  New  Vurk,  by  Clurlos  S.  Prusser.  1805, 
8>J.    81  pp.    2  pi.    Price  10  cents. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


VII 


.11  I.,.. 


I-"   li.««l,.„ll., ,,, '••'■'•"l™l--li..|]l„K.,.,,.    „,„    , 

^  'f  ->  *-.™. ,'::  4;;;-';;:',r":;:  ■•,- "....., ,, , ,,.         '■  ■  -'  '■"■ 

°':;- .  . .  '  ' -.: h- u.;.,y , „„„.,;,,,";"'■, ';M- 1-^.. .=5 ,,.„,.. 

■■  .•;r";",:.',t:;;> '■~--™.... ,„„,„.,„ ,/    ""•  ""•  '■ = 

'^" '•n:.i;"\:c;::;";f ■';;■■  "•"'■"""^  ''^■.- ;v;,;::;'.;;:;„, 

,, '.'-  •'■'■"  u.- ,"„',■;:'""'■ '"  '■"""■^  «',';:■''';■.''''■■'  >■■"" '- • .«.« .,, 

s^= ,"'^"  *"•'""--■■'■■ -'■■»-;ir^«..,.; 

S5'^--£H:i';:«^^'^^^^^^ - ■ -™: 

3r^^^ >" ..„..: ■  ""■■ --'—.. .„„. 

loi  flu,  ;  „.„.  ,^y  ;  ««l  .>o,lli  All  ,.,.i,.,,„  ,;,.„,,„, 

,.2'- J,'-;:-- -  .-■■,«.■,.„;.       ' '■ '" » 

Ill)     <■       I  -0»fIllH.  "''S'ill   I'llllii  l{<.i;i„„    1,.,  V    ,,    ,. 

"i ;.:,_::;■,,■  - "~ r- "-■  ■ ,  ■' 

ss'SssB'rss:- ::i: 

"""I  \  .iMKluin.     iHiKi.    go     fir.  .         ""'"K.va.i.ll>al,,,„„„) 

'5c«'iil.s.  •        '  '  """  <"-Hi))if  Aru  |)v    I    I     -,  • 

'^«-  .Vn,.lv.s,.M  ,„■  il,T  "\""  '"'•k  <»I.H.rvatorv.     ih  J    '"""'/"mMtant  .Vh,,-,,,,..,.,,,,  ,„  ,,, 

™^ --"--^-rs^s^^Hist^i^^^^    I 

|j(i    riiir  '  • 'iiilfbruMi       IKI1-'     u  "Hill  Mjii,,^ 

'^"-'"':^!:x;;t'r'"""  •'» ■«.■ ,.., 

0<<>l„jr„.„    ,^  ""   "I   Juirk    h|,ei.  „„.„      (,    ,,  I'-      '  IK"  ll'lCIltM.  '"•' 

ir;  •      -^'I'l'.       I'riC..  20  ,.,„„-  "Illai.\     l'lnill„    „f    ly,       ., 

•t  the  Hok  Ob«„..v.,ory.     uj    '^'•'•/"'"•"'"'t  A8tn.uon.er  in 

•  .    •(pp.    Prig,  J  j^jj^ 


VIII 


ADVERTISKMENT. 


150.  Ilililiogriipliy  iinil  Inilux  iil'  Nitrtli  AiiicHran  (luolo^jy,  I'lilcontology,  l'»(rolog,v,nii(l  Minoralnify 
I'ortlio  Vciir  1H97,  li.\  Fnil  Hoimlitiiii  WitUh.     18it8.     H\     UIO  pp.     Prim  ir>  rciitH. 

157.  'riittCiii'isHi'H.  (iiiblii'o-Srlii.st!*,  and  AHH(M;iatoil  Uocks of  South ufHterii  MiiiueMOtu,  bylJIiriHtoplier 
WiOilx-r  liall.     IKOU.     H.     HU)  p|i.     '.'7  pi.     I'riio  45  rtmls. 

15H.  The  Moraiiii'M  of  SouthiaHtcrii  Soiilh  Diikotaaiid  their  Attuiiilant  U«|HmitH,  by  Jiiiiiuh  Kilwanl 
TiMltl.      IHiW.     8.     171pp.     JT  pi.     I'ii<<il!5cciiU. 

151).  Til)' (ii-ohi^'y  III' KaHtfi'M  llcrkHliiro  County,  MuHnarliiiMuttH,  by  It.  K.  KniurHon.  18U0.  8'.  139 
pp.    9  pi.     I'rico  'M  coulM. 

lUO.  A  Dii'tiiiiiary  of  AUituilcH  in  llu>  I'liited  KtittoH  (Thlnl  Kdition),  compiltMl  by  Kerry  (iannclt. 
WOK.     8.     775  pp.     l'ii(n40t<ntH. 

Ifil.  Kai'tlii|iiak('H  In  Calit'orniit  In  181)8,  by  Chark*M  I).  I'errin«.  AMitiataiit  AHtrononivr  In  C'lnirgn  iil 
Kurtlntiiakti  DbsrrvaliiiMrt  al  thi>  l.ick  OliHrrvatiory.     181)0.     8'.    .11pp.     1  |il.     I'rirc  5  ccntH. 

Ili'J.  Itlbllo^i'uphy  and  !ndi-\ot'  North  Anirrli'an  (ieotogv,  l'alo<iiil<diiKy.  I'rtroloKyi  and  Mluuralo^y 
lor  tlm  Year  18!t8,  l»y  Fred  Iloimliton  Wi-hUm.     18!m.    8  .     l«:i  pp.    J'rho  15  ientn. 

lti;i.  Flora  of  tint  Montana  Fiiniiatlon,  liv  Frank  Hall  Kuowlton.     I'.XX).    K.     118  pp.    10  pi.     I'rii'K 

15  t'UUlH. 

HU.  Ki-i'onnaiHMiinri'  in  tlii<  Kin  tirand«('iial  FiiddH  ot'Ti-xaH,  by  TlioniaH  Wayland  VaiiKhan,  iuchiil' 
inK  a  Uo]ioit  on  I);iiooiih  UockH  I'roin  tho  San  C'arloM  Coal  Fiuhl.  by  E.  O.  E.  Lord.  19()0.  8^.  100  pp. 
11  pi.  and  niapH.     I'rit'c  UOientx. 

1115.  Coutribiitioiis  lo  thr  (ii-olo);y  of  Malnr,  by  llonrv  S.  Willianix  and  llurlwrt  K.  (ircgory.  1000. 
»\    212  pp.     II  id.     I»rlio25iun(H. 

HMI.  A  (ia/.i-ltt'cr  of  rtah.  by  lli-nry  (iaiinctl.     1000.    8.    4;i  pp.     1  nnip.     I'rice  15 coots. 

107.  ContribnlioiiM  lot.'In-niiHlry  anil  Mini-ralogy  from  the  Laboratory  of  thi- United  StatfHOeoIogiral 
Survey,  Frank  \V.  Clarko,  Clilt'fClK'inlMt.     11(00.     8".     HMl  pp.     I'rice  15  rentH. 

108.  Analy«e»  of  KoekH,  Laboratory  of  the  I'nited  Slate.s  (ieolonieal  Survey,  1880  to  181)0,  tabulated 
by  F.  W.ciarke,  Chief  CbiniiHl.     11M)0.     8'.    :t08  pp.     I'riio '.^OeentH. 

IGO.  AltitiideH  in  Ahmka.  by  Ilonry  liannutt.     11)00.    8*^.     Kl  pp.     I'rice  5  contN. 

170.  Survey  of  the  Iloiiiidary  Line  between  Idaho  and  Montana  from  tho  Intoruathinal  Itouiulary  lo 
thu  CrcMt  of  the  Ititlerroot  Mountainx,  by  Uichard  Uninhart  (loodu.  1000.  8'-.  07  pp.  14  pl.  Triie 
15  cunts. 

171.  Itonndarii'H  of  the  I'nited  StateH  and  of  tbo  Several  Stat«!H  and  Territories,  with  an  Ontliueor 
tin-  History  of  all  Important  Changes  of  Territory  (Secoutl  Edition),  by  lluury  Gannett.  1900.  8  . 
142      ..     53  pl.     I'riie  311  cents. 

/i.       eparatitm: 

172.  Illblio;;rapliy  iind  Index  of  North  American  CiuoloKy,  I'nloimttdogy,  Petrology,  and  Mineralo^ty 
for  the  Year  181)1),  by  Fred  liouHlilon  Weeks. 

173.  SynopsiM  of  Anieriean  F'ussil  l?ryo/oa,  including  Itihliography  and  .Synonymy,  by  John  M. 
Nickles  and  ICay  S.  liaHHler. 

174.  Survey  of  the  .North  wcRlern  lloiindary  of  the  I'nited  States,  18,57-1800,  by  MarcuH  liaker. 

175.  Triangiilation  and  Spirit  Leveling  in  Indian  Territory,  by  C.  II.  PMtch. 

—  Itibliography  and  Catalogim  of  the  FomhII  Vertcbrala  of  North  America,  by  Oliver  Perry  Hay. 

WATKIJSll'I'LY  AND  lUUItiATION  PAI'EUS. 
By  net  of  CongrcHH  approvnl  ,liine  11,  IHDO.  the  following  proviRion  wax  made: 

"I'foviiliil,  That  hereafti  r  the  rejMirts  of  the  (ieological  Survey  in  relation  to  the  gauging  of 
Htro'.tniH  and  to  the  met  hods  of  utilizing  the  water  resources  may  lie  printed  in  octavo  form,  not  to 
exceed  one  hundred  pages  in  length  and  live  thousand  copieH  in  niimlH-r:  one  thousand  copies  nl 
wliii'h  shall  be  for  the  ollicial  use  of  the  (ieological  Survey,  one  thousand  live  hundred  copies  shall  Ik- 
delivered  to  the  Senate,  and  two  iliousand  live  hiinUrud  copies  shall  be  delivered  to  the  lluaso  of  Jtep 
resontatives,  for distiibution." 
Uniler  this  law  the  following  |iapers  have  been  published  ; 

I.  Piniiping  \Vater  for  Irrigation,  by  Herbert  M.  Wilson.     IHOO.    8.    57  pp.    9  pl. 
'J.  Irrigation  near  I'hienix,  Arizona,  by  Arthur  P.  Davis.     1807.    8  '.    07  ]ip.    31  pl. 

3.  .Sewage  Irrigation,  by  Ceorgi- W.  K.illiT.     1807.    8".     100  pp.    4  pl. 

4.  A  Keconnoissance  in  Southeastern  Wasliingtoii.  by  Israel  ('iKik  Uiissell.     1807.    8\    00  pp.    7  pl 

5.  Irrigation  Practice  on  the  (ireat  Plains,  by  Elios  llranson  Cowgill.     1897.    8'.    39  |ip.    12  pl. 

0.  rndergi'iiiiiid  Waters  <if  Southwestern  Kansas,  by  Krasniuth  Haworth.     1807.    8°.    05  pp.    12  pl. 

7.  .Seepage  Waters  of  Northern  I'tah,  by  .Samuel  Fortier.     1897.    8'.    50  pp.    3  pl. 

8.  Wimltnills  for  Irrigation,  by  B.C.  Murphy.    1807.    8'.    49  pp.    8  pL 

9.  Irrigation  near  (ireeley.t.'oloiadu.  by  David  Il4iyd.    1807.    8\    00  pp.    21  pl. 

10.  Irrigation  in  Mesilla  Valley.  New  Mexico,  by  F.tMtarkor.    1898.    %\    51pp.    11  pl. 

II.  Kivcr  Heights  lor  181)0,  by  Arthur  P.  Davis.    18U7.    8'.    100  pp. 

12.  I'nderground  WalerK  of  Southeastern  Nebraska,  by  N.  II.  Darton.    1808.    8^.    58  pp.    21  pl. 

13.  Irrigation  Systems  in  Texas,  by  William  Ferguson  Ilutson.    1898.    8^.    07  pp.    10  pl. 

14.  New  Tests  of  Piim|is  and  Water-Lilts  used  in  Irrigation,  by  O.  P.  Uood.    1808.    8^    01pp.    1  pl 

15.  Optjrutions  at  liiver  Stations,  1897,  Part  I.    1808.    8'.    100  pp. 

16.  Uperations  at  Uiver  SUtious,  1897,  Part  II.    1808.    8^.    10U20O  pp. 

17.  Irrigation  neai  Bakerafleld.  California,  by  C.  E.  Oruuiky.   1806.   8°.  06  pp.   10  pL 


Whe 
Stales, 
The  pn 
an>n  , 
sheets 
The  s( 
are  on 
Sccnfc 
900  Mill 


ADVKRTrSKAfKIfT, 


n  1.1. 
M|.|. 


■    "2  pp.    7i.l. 

""-21)0,,,,.    ,2,,i, 
«•    04  J,,,. 


"'I'l'-    7|.|. 


I!)  1.1m. 


3^.  <.o„l„.y  ,„„,»'''''.  Arizona,  by. ;„,>,e„,,„   ,,'.'•    '^  '    ■<»  PP-     17  pi. 

-;;=;:::^t;:;-^■•^•■■■«.v.         " 

'"^•rMalioiiM,  ]8!)!(,  i>.,r,  y 

5--f-*^:"H~  • « 

1  ...  (;..lo,ic  .vtloH  Of  „..,  ^   '^,  t'  "'!  '"•'  '^'"^  ^-^V^Bn  .STATKs 


IX 


ADVKRTISKMENT. 


No. 


;i 

4 

S 

n 
7 

H 
!t 

10 

11 

12 


Niiini'  III'  Hlii'ct. 


Stiile. 


I 


LIvingHton 

Kint:i;"'<' 

I'liMcrvllli. 

KioKHliiii  n 

Siii'i'iiiiii'iilii 

('liiittiiiH)ii<;ii. . . . 
I'ikcH  I'liikd  .. . 

SewaiiiT 

Aiillirariif  (.'r<'«l 

(Ml  lliittc. 
HiiriMird  l''iTry  . 

Jat'kHon 


KRtillvillo 


('  Virginia!!  ) 
\  W.>8t  \n  ] 
1 1  Mnrvlniiil    I 

Iff  J 


13     Kn««U>rink.'Hliiir;;. .  I 


11 

n, 

10 

17 
IK 

I'.t 

20 
21 

22 

2:1 
24 


2H 
20 


III) 


:i2 

;i:t 
:i4 

•MS 

:iti 
:)7 

;w 
:iit 

40 
41 
42 
4:1 

44 

45 
40 
47 
4ri 

4!) 

50 

51 
52 


53 


Staiiiilon I 

I.JlMKfll  I'fuk j 

Kiioxvlllf I 

MiirvHx  lllf 

Siiiailsvillf 


St  fVf  Il.HdII 


(Hf  vulaiiil 

IMkfvillf 

M.  Miniivillf 

Xiiiiiini I 

Tlirff  Kiirka , 

Loiiilon 

I*<N'aIiiiiitnH ' 

MoitImIowii   

I'iflllliniit I 

Nfvada  City  :  | 

Nfvaila'C^il.v) 
liniMH  Viillcy  V 
ltaiiiiorlllll..ji 

VflloWHliiiif    Na 
tioiial  Park: 

«;allatiii 

Canyon I 

SluiHliune.  ...f 
l.akf J 

I'yniniiil  I'uiik 

Franklin [ 

Hrinvillf 

KiK'klianiion 

tia<U<lfn 

I'lifblo 

Diiwnifvillo 

ItiitUt  Spfttlal 

'IVuckf  f 

WarlliiirK 

Sonorn 

NiHH'fH 

IHtlwfll  linr 

Tuzfwfll I 

Iloinfl  

Ulf  Innimd 

Liinilon 

Ttinniilf    DlHtrlct 

SjM'fial. 
KuMultiu';; 

llolyokf •{ 

Ui(j  TrffiR 

Al'Miriika: 

(?runilall \ 

IshawiHta J 

Utaudingsloue .... 


Montana.. 

I iforuia. . . 

Tcnnfssff 

California 

'IVnnfWHif 

Caliliirnla 

Tf  ni.oHHfe 

('olorndo. . 

'I'fnnfHHfw 

Coliiratlo. 

Virginia 

W«>8t  V 

.Mnrylanil 
(/'alii'oniiii 
Virginia 
Kfniiifk 
TcnnfHHt 
Maryland 
Virginia ..;; 
Virginia. .t\ 
\Vf «t  V»     ( 
(.'alil'ornin.| 
'I'cnnfHHff  \ 
N.(.'arolina  I 
('alil'ornia  I 
Calil'ornla 
Alabama..  ] 
(tforgia. ..  > 
TfniifiSHff  ) 
'rfnnfHMtM' 
TfnnfHHfc 
'ronnfUKfif 
Marjrlanil  .'\ 
Virginia  ..,/ 
.Montana. 
TennfHHff 
Virginia  . 
WfHt  Va.    ; 
Tf  nneHHfP  | 
Maryland.  1 


We«t  V». 


CalH'orni 


(  121' 00 

a   {  121"  01 

I  120^  57 


.iiiiiliiiU  nifrldiaim. 


110^-llP 

K5^-85 '  ;iO' 

120-  30'  12!" 
H4"  80' -85 

121  -121  '  3(1' 
85     H.V  30- 

1(15  '   Kkl"  30 
85  ■  30'  Wl 
100    45'- 107     15' 

77"  30'-78o 

120  ■  :iil'-121  ' 
K2  '  30'-83'' 

77"-77'  30' 

70'^ -70'  30' 
j21o.jo.jo 

83'^  30'-«4" 

121"  30'-122' 

121  121     30' 

8.5°  30'  80" 

84"  30' -85 
85  '-85"  :tO 
8.50  30'  80 

70"  30'  -,7 

111-112 

84"- 84     30' 

81"-81°  30' 
83-83"  30' 
79-''-70'>  30' 

00'  25"  121  03'  45  " 
01'35'-12r  05'04  " 
57'05"-l21'00'  2.V' 


Wyoming 

('alil'ornia. 
Virginia  .. 
WfHt  Va.. 
TfnnfHMfH 
Wfxl  Va. . 
.Mnliuma. 
(Ndorado.. 
Calil'ornia. 
Montana. . 
('alil'ornia. 
'I'fniifHHfe 
('alU'ornla. 

'J'uxaH 

('alil'ornia. 
Virginia  .. 
WfHt  Va.. 

Idaliu 

Kfntiifky 
Kentufk!v 
Colorado.. 

Oi'fgon  . . . 

.Ma.>«H 

Conn 

Calil'urniH 

Wyoming. 
TenufHRve 


IIC^-III 

l'J0''-120"  30' 

70^"-7U  '  30' 

84"-84^  30' 

80"-80"  30' 

80°- 80"  30' 

104'^  30'- 10.5" 

1-.'0°30'  12h> 

•20'  30"-H2''  3(t'42" 

1'20  -120"  30' 

84^  30'-85'' 

1200-120'^  30' 

KKJO-lOO"  30' 

12JO.I2JO  30- 

81°  30'-82" 

llfl"-110o  30' 

84"-84<'  30' 

84°-«4o  30' 

100-  8'-106°  10' 

1230-1230  30' 

72"  80'-73° 

1200-120°  30' 

1(»'^  30'-110o 
850-850  30' 

a  Out  of  stock. 


I.iiiilllng  jiarailf 

H. 

1 

450-46° 

34  ' 

30' 

35" 

38" 

30' 

,30 

35' 

30' 

30  >  , 

38" 

31)'- 

30"  i 

3.'5"- 

35" 

30' 

38'-' 

3(1'- 

30' 

3ft"- 

3.5" 

30' 

38' 

45'- 

30^' 

30O. 

-30" 

30'  ; 

38^ 

-38" 

30' 

1 

30 

30'- 

37' 

38". 

-38  • 

30' 

:'8". 

:i8 

30' 

40"-ll" 

35" 

30'- 

-30" 

300-30" 

30' 

39° 

-30 

30' 

340 

30'- 

35" 

35 

-35" 

30' 

3.5" 

30' 

30 

35" 

30' 

-:i«>' 

38" 

-38" 

30' 

45" 

40 

35" 

30' 

30" 

370 

-370 

30' 

30". 

-■10' 

30' 

30"  13'  .50  "-30" 

17' 

10  " 

30"  10'  22"-3»" 

13' 

r>o" 

30    13'  .5tl"-30J 

17" 

10" 

1 
1 

44" 

! 

.45"  1 

38" 

30' 

-30'' 

:i8" 

30' 

-:)0" 

30° 

-3«o 

30' 

38" 

30' 

-30" 

34" 

34' 

30' 

380 

-38^ 

30' 

;il»o 

30' 

40" 

45"  r<W  •.•8"-40° 

02' 

,54" 

30" 

30° 

30' 

3(1" 

-:i« 

30' 

37" 

;«i' 

-38" 

2»o 

:iO' 

-30 ' 

:» 

30' 

40" 

370 

-37" 

30' 

430  30-44  ■  1 

37" 

30' 

38" 

370 

37° 

80' 

30  '  22'  30"-3((o  30' 

30"" 

430 

430  30' 

420-42" 

30' 

38° 

-.18 

30' 

440 

-44=' 

:»0' 

300 

-30°  30' 

.Vr.'a.hi  I'liif, 
Hi|iiari'      ill 
niiluH.  .cttniH. 


3,364 

080 

032 
0(19 
032 
075 
032 
075 
405 

025 

938 

067 

038  j 

038 
3,0.-14  i 
9-25  i 
025 


11.05 


3,412 


032 
032 


25 


25 
'25 
2,"> 
25 
25 
2.". 
.50 


»■.'.> 

25 

080 

25 

075 
11(1!) 
000 

25 
25 
25 

038 

25 

3.54 
009 

50 
25 

051 

25 

1)03 

2.1 

025 

'25 

75 


25 


003 

25 

032 

25 

080 

25 

038 

60 

919 

25 

22. 80 

50 

IfJO 

25 

003 

2,1 

044 

25 

1,035 

25 

918 

25 

050 

25 

804 

2.5 

044 

25 

950 

2.1 

,55 

25 

871 

25 

885 

5(1 

038 

25 

1,700 

'25 

963 

25 

ADVKUTISKMKNT. 


XI 


'rii  i<, 

ill 

ttuU. 


No.      Naiiiti  of  Hliuet. 


Ktat(<. 


•25 
25 


S 

15 

I 
JO  1 

75 
«1) 

m 
i:i8 

154 
)0U 

951 

'.His 

[025 


25 
95 


25 

25 

25 
25 
2:> 


5    I 


25 
25 


50 


412 


Iu:i2 
I9:i2 


75 


25 


im;i ; 

2r. 

'.f,12  ' 

25 

UHU  : 

25 

D'.Irt  ' 

5<i 

»1U 

2f> 

.80 

5(1 

IKUi 

25 

i)6'.l 

25 

044 

25 

i):i5 

25 

m  ■ 

2i) 

1)50  '■ 

2.5 

804  1 

2.5 

M4 

2:. 

•50 

2.'. 

....  , 

25 

25 

I4H5  ' 

5(1 

m 

25 

54 

55 
56 
67 

58 

,51t 
02 


Limit iiiK  inuriiliaiiH. 


Taoinia WuhIi  i  iik- 

toll. 

Knrt  llciiton Montana.. 

Little  licit  .MiN...  Miiiitaiiii.. 

Ti'lliiriili'   Colorado.. 

Kliiioi'ti <  'olorado . . 

Itriiitiil  '  Viruiiiia.. 

Mviii)iiiiiicvS|M'('lal  Michigan  . 


1220.1220  ;|0' 

U(P  IIP 

llO-'-lll' 

107    45    1(18' 

IU4  -1(14     :iO' 

82' -82'  :t(t' 

87°  44'-«8    OU' 


LiiiiiliiiK  |>arallflM. 


47''-47^  30' 

47'^-48'J 
40'  47' 
:i7    4.'.'  :i8 
:i7  -:i7    :i(i' 

30   :io-y7' 

45    44    4.'.     .55 


Ana.  Ill  I'rlci', 
miiiant      111 
luiliM.   cuuU. 


812 

;i.  27:1 

;i,  2»5 

2:1)) 

1)50 
057 
254 


25 


xvii,  HKlpii.     I'ricK 
xiv,  imo 


STATIST I(;A L  I'A I'KUS. 

Minf^rallCt'MoiinxMiil'tlioUiiitMlStatcM.  1882.  Iiy  .VDitTt  WilliaiiiN,  jr.     I8H:i.    H' 
50rfiitN. 

Miiirral  KcMoiiri'i'M  ol'llii<  I'liili'il  Slatrs.  IHHll  uiii!  l.'4S4.  Iiy  -MlfT;   '.•  illiaiiis.  jr.     IriH.'i.    H'. 
|i]).     I'rici' 00  I't'iitx. 

Mineral  Ktt.mniiTfHol'tlio  (Tiiitcil  Stati'M,  IHH.'i.  Uivixioii  ol'  Milling  StaliHiii-H  anil  TechiioloKy.  1880. 
8\    vii,  57fl|ii(.     I'riti40t<>iits. 

M  ineralKiHoiirccs  111  the  Uiiilcil. Slat. 'M.  lSi<0,liy  I»avlil  I'.Uay.     1887.    H\    vili,813p|i.    I'lire  .MtcmtH. 

Miiural  KiHoiiiTcmiftlm  riiilnl  Slal'i.  1.SH7.  liy  Davlil  I".  Pay.    1H88.    8'.    vii.  XT.'iip.    rriri- ."«On«iil». 

Miiit-ral  UfsoiirreHoCtliu  Uiiiltil  Slali'.t.  IHAS,  by  l»aviil  l.  l»ay.    IHiHt.    H'.    vii.  O.VJ  pp.     Prire  .".OieiitH. 

Mineral  KeHoiirceH  of  the  I'liiteil  States,  IKH'.I  ami  IHiH).  Iiy  Daviil  T.  Day.  1X02.  X  .  viii.  071  pp. 
I'riee  .50eentH. 

Mineral  Kesoiirres  of  tlio  I'liileil  Stales.  IK'.n,  l>y  l>avi(l  T.  Day.    180:1.    H  .    vil.O.'lnpp.     I'rire  .'.OcintH. 

Mineral  IJesoiirceH  of  the  riiiteilStaltM.  HICJ.  li,\  Pavid  T.  l)a,\  .    lH<.i:t,    8  .    vii,  H.".ii  pp.    Prici' ."iDceiit.H. 

Mineral  KeHOiireenof  the  I'nileil  Stales,  IH'.lH,  by  Kaviil  T.  Day.     1804.    8'.  vlii.810pp.     Prii  eriOreiits. 

On  Muri'b  2.  1805,  the  followiii;:  provision  was  inelinli'il  in  an  act  of  Conirress- 

"  I'riiriili'il.  That  lieronfti'r  the  report  of  tlie  niiiieral  n'soiirceH  of  the  I'liiteil  States  sliall  be  iMsiictI 
HH  a  part  of  the  report  of  the  Direi'tor  of  the  (ieolovicil  Survey." 

In  I'onipliiince  with  this  lc|:iHlalion  ti.e  followint:  reports  have  been  publisheil: 

Mineral  llesiHirccs  of  the  I'niteil  States,  IHy4.  Daviil  I.  l)a.\.  Chief  of  Division.  IMn5.  H  .  xv.  040 
p]>.,2:i  pi. ;  xix,7:i5  pp.,0  pi.     Jiciiit!  Parts  III  anil  IV  of  I  he  Sixteenth  .\niiiial  lleport. 

Mineral  Kemi.irces  of  the  I'niicil  StatcM,  1805,  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1H90.  S  .  xxiii, 
.542  pp.,  8  ]d.  nud  nuipH;  ill.  54:!  lO&H  pp.,  U-i:i  )d.  Keilif;  Part  III  (in  2  vols.)  of  ibe  .Seventeenth 
Annual  Kcport. 

Mineral  KesourccH  uf  the  I'nited  States,  1800,  David  T.  D,iy.  Chief  of  Division.     IH!i7.    8 
pp..  I  pi.;  04:1-1400  pp.     Iluint;  Part  V  lin  2  vols. )uf  the  Ki^hteiiith  Annual  Ueporl. 

.Mineral   licsonires  of  the  I'liiled  Slates,  1807,  David  T.   Day.  Chief  of  Division.     1X08. 
051  pp.,  II  1)1.;  viii,  700  pp.     IteinK  Part  VI  (in  2  vols.)  of  tlui  Nineteenth  .\nnual  Kcport. 

Mineral  Kesources  of  the  United  Stales.  lMt8,  David  T.  Dny,  Chief  of  Division.     1800.    8  . 
pp.;  ix,  804  )ip.,  I  pi.    Iloin);  Part  VI  (in  2  vols.)  of  the  Twentieth  Annua!  Iie]iort. 

The  money  received  from  the  Male  of  the  Survey  piihlications  is  deposited  in  the  Treasury,  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treiwiiry  declines  to  receive  bank  checks,  drafts,  or  poslai;i'  stamps:  all  ri'iiiitlances, 
therefore,  inuitt  he  hy  Mo.nkv  oUDKU,  made  payable  to  the  Director  of  lii<  rnited  Stiiles  tieolocical 
Survey,  or  in  citkkk.ncy— the  exact  anioiint.  CorrcMpondence  relating;  lo  the  piiblirations  of  the 
Survey  should  Ite  aildruHHed  to— 

THK   DlKKCTDll, 

UNITKD  .STATKH   (iKol.OdlCAI.  SrilVKV, 

WAHHt.NU'l'ON,  D.  C 

Washington,  D.  (J.,  July,  1900. 


\li,042 

K  .     \ili, 

viii.  0\0 


25 


I 


l» 


I 


(Tiiko  tlili*  Icnf  "tit  nnil  |>.ihIo  the  Kopnrntcil  title*  np<in  lliroo  of  \i>\\t  ■■HtaloKiic 
raiilH.  i'lit'  ilr^t  mill  ^t'liuiil  lilli'*  iirril  iin  itililitiiiii.  iivi-r  tlii<  lliinl  write  tliat 
•ubji'i'l  iiutlvr  »iiirli  )uu  wuiilil  |tlucutliii  IxMik  tu  )oui' libi'itr> .  J 


■1 


LIBRARY  CATALOGUE  SLIPS. 

United  States.     lii'iKirlnifiii  of  lln   inht-iitr.     i  I'   S.  ijrolofjiral  mn'ffn.) 
l>«f|iiirtinciit  of   tin    intoriiir  |  -   j   lliillftiii  |  of  tlie  |  I'liiti-il 
Sl.ktoM  I  };i  <  lo^inil  Hinvoy  |  ihi.  171  |  |Suiil  iif  tli«  <lo]iui-tiiii<iit]  | 
WnMliiiiLriiin  I  Kovfi'tiiiii-iii  |ii'iiitliiK  ntliiK  |  l!NMI 
Snoiiil  lillf:  lliiit^-il  StsiN'M  nciila-^ical  Hiirvey  |  Clinrh'H  I).  Wul- 
<-ott,  iliict-tiir  I  —  I   ItonnilitrJt's  |  of  {  tlio  t'liitnl  States  |  ami  of 
tilt*  I  NKviTal  States  aiHl  'rrriilorii-N  |  with  uii  oiitliiiu  uf  the  |  IiIh- 
tofy  of  iill  iin))ortaiit  rhaii^'cH  of  territory  |   (Hucunil  txlitioii)  | 
hy  I  Ih'iiiy  (iaiiiMttt  |  (Viyiiet  »•)  | 

\VaHhill>;loii  I  ;;)ivi-nillirlit  |>l  lilting  olHcu  |  ItMNI 
H».   in  \>\>    r>:i  |.Ih. 


e 


Oannett  (Iliiiry) 


inett  (Iltiiry). 

Kiiitfd  StaltiH  );coloj{iraI  snrvoy  |  CharloH  I).  Walcott,  di- 
r«!ct«»r  I  —  I  HoiiiHlaru'H  |  of  |  the  I'nitoil  Staten  |  ami  of  tlio  |  sev- 
eral States  mill  Tirritorii-H  |  with  mi  miliin')  of  tho  |  liiNtor.v  of 
all  iiiipurtaiit  rhaiigoH  of  territory  |  M'cnriU  edition)  |  hy  |  Henry 
Oannett  |  |  N'iKiX'ttt*]  | 

Wash iii};t (III  I  ^overiiiiieiit  |irintiiiK  olliee  |  1!HK) 

)> '.    UJ  |>|i.    '>ii  |iIm. 

ilTs'lTKI)  Si'Ai'M.  Hi-imil infill  <'/  the  interior.  ((/.  M.  ijeologieal  nurvey.) 
llilllHiii  III] 


United  StatPB  jjeolnKieal  survey  |  Charles  l>.  Walcott,  di- 
rector I  —  I  HoiiiularicH  |  of  |  the  I'nited  ScateH  |  and  of  the  |  sev- 
oral  States  and  Territories  |  with  an  outline  of  the  |  history  of 
all  important  rhaiiKos  of  territory  |  (H«'eoml  edition)  |  hy  |  Henry 
Caniiett  |  fVipietto]  | 

WiMliinutoii  I  ^ovfi-iinient  priiitiiiK  oflieu  |  1900 

8°.    143  |ip.    !>:i  (iIh. 

HTnitkI"  Statks.  Iteiiartment  of  th»  inttrior.  {U.  H.  gtologienl  lurttv-) 
Uiillelin  171. i 


